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THE PHYSICIAN ANALOGY IN POLITICS IS NOT INHERENTLY ELITIST OR ANTITHETICAL TO CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT, AS MODERN CRITICS HAVE CLAIMED. ON THE CONTRARY, IN ITS ORIGINAL DEVELOPMENT AMONG THE ORATORS OF FOURTH-CENTURY ATHENS, IT EPITOMIZED THE AIMS OF CONSERVATIVE DEMOCRATS, OFFERING BOTH A PERSPECTIVE THAT REINFORCED THE IDEA OF A PRESCRIPTIVE CONSTITUTION GROUNDED IN TRADITIONAL AND A CONCEPTION OF LEADERSHIP COMPATIBLE WITH THE EGALITARIAN ANIMUS OF THE RESTORED DEMOCRACY. MOREOVER, THIS CONCEPTION OF THE POLITICAL PHYSICIAN ENJOYED THE FULL SANCTION OF GREEK MEDICINE. THE NORMS, CONCEPTS, AND TECHNIQUES ADDUCED IN THE HIPPOCRATIC WRITINGS CLOSELY PARALLEL THOSE OF CONSERVATIVE DEMOCRATS.

There is only limited evidence on whether certified and uncertified health care providers in India support reforming the Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP) Act to expand the abortion provider base to allow trained nurses and AYUSH physicians (who are trained in Indian systems of medicine) to provide medical abortion. To explore their views, we conducted a survey of 1,200 physicians and other health care providers in Maharashtra and Bihar states and in-depth interviews with 34 of them who had used medical abortion in their practices. Findings indicate that obstetrician-gynaecologists and other allopathic physicians were less supportive than non-physicians of nurses and AYUSH physicians providing early medical abortion. The physicians did not think that these providers would be able to assess women's eligibility for medical abortion correctly. In contrast, the majority of non-physicians found task shifting of medical abortion provision to trained nurses and AYUSH physicians acceptable, and they were confident that these providers would be able to provide medical abortion as safely and effectively as trained physicians. Assuming the reforms are passed, efforts will need to be made by government and medical professional bodies to train these new providers to undertake this role, prepare the health infrastructure to include them, and create an environment, including among physicians, that is conducive to enabling non-physicians to provide medical abortion.

Medicine in the setting of the royal courts of Europe form Renaissance to the Enlightment has been recently discussed, but Italian court medicine has been so far very largely neglected. In this article central problems are the relations between court medicine and academic medicine and the social status of the court physician in fourteenth century. Both problems are investigated in two Italian courts: the Visconti court in Milan and Pavia and the Aragonese court in Sicily. The list of the Visconti physicians and astrologers attests that they had all been celebrated university professors and that their condition as personal physicians to Galezzo and Gian Galeazzo was far superior to the acdemic on in honour and salaries. Their role could also be representative and political. This was expecially the case of Ruggero de Camma, who was chosen as personal physician to the Aragonese king Martino II and appointed by him as first protomedico for political reasons. Key words: Court Medicine - Universities - Astrology - Royal doctors - Protomedicato

A brief review of the Physician Quality Reporting System (PQRS) is presented highlighting the program's legislative history, eligibility requirements and incentive payment plan. Specifically, PQRS measures applicable to neuroradiology practice are discussed. Several steps are suggested for individual physicians or group practices to start participation in the program. Resources are also provided for further information on the program requirements and PQRS measures.

Physician reimbursement and the coding to support it are critically important to the sustained health of any physician's practice. This article reviews the recent history of physician reimbursement from the government and third-party payers and physician coding to support reimbursement. Explanations of terminology and documentation requirements are included.

• Movie "Fit to Fight" shown at close of the 13th annual meeting of Medical Association of Southwest, about influenza's effect in the military. • Major John O. McReynolds of United States Medical Reserve Corps: "We can't hope to stamp out this as we would other diseases. You may as well make up your mind that it is going to last for some time. The important thin is for people not to get panicky." • It's decided that closing schools will have little effect on stopping epidemic, though military quarantines are thought effective, as the influenza is so dangerous to young adults ; Newspaper article ; 8

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Advancing Professional Calling and the Culture of Wellbeing in Medicine -- Chapter 1: Calling, Compassionate Self, and Cultural Norms in Medicine -- Medical Cultural Norms -- Deferring Personal Needs to Serve Others -- Shaming Intolerance of Error -- Compassion in Addressing Personal Well-Being and Health-Care Quality Improvement -- Compassion in Addressing Personal Wellbeing -- Compassion in Health-Care Quality Improvement -- References -- Chapter 2: Creating a Culture of Wellness -- Barriers to a Culture of Wellness Common in Medical Training and Practice -- Belief that Deferring Self-Care Equals Dedication to Patients -- Belief that Shaming and Punishment in Response to Errors Promote Safety in Health Care -- Stigma Suggesting that Physicians Who Seek Mental Health Help Are Less Fit for Duty -- Promoting Specific Culture of Wellness Factors for Physician WellBeing -- Psychological Safety -- Inclusive Leadership Style -- Leadership Support -- Values Alignment -- Appreciation and Gratitude -- Fairness/Equity -- Flexibility and Work-Life Integration -- Peer Support -- Community/Collegiality -- Conclusion -- A Culture of Wellness Is Achievable -- References -- Chapter 3: Compassion Cultivation -- Introduction -- How Is Compassion Cultivated -- Compassion Training Programs -- Cognitively-Based Compassion Training -- Compassion Cultivation Training -- Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) -- Being with Dying (BWD) -- Brief Compassion Training for Physician Well-Being: A Case Study in Program Design -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Recognizing Threats to Physician Wellbeing -- Chapter 4: Mistreatment -- Introduction -- History and Prevalence -- Types of Mistreatment -- Sources of Mistreatment -- The Interplay of Wellness and Mistreatment -- Impact on Learners -- Impact on Mistreater -- Solutions.

A letter report issued by the General Accounting Office with an abstract that begins "Through a variety of programs, the federal government supports the training of physicians and encourages physicians to work in underserved areas or pursue primary care specialties. GAO was asked to provide information on the physician supply and the generalist and specialist mix of that supply in the United States and the changes in and geographic distribution of physician supply in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas. To address these objectives, GAO analyzed data on physician supply and geographic distribution from 1991 and 2001."

Written by PAs for PAs, Orthopaedics for Physician Assistants, 2nd Edition, is the first and only orthopaedics text specifically designed for physician assistant practitioners and students. This comprehensive yet portable guide helps you master the essential knowledge that directly affects your patient care. Coauthors and physician assistants Sara Rynders and Jennifer Hart clearly present everything you need to know to manage orthopaedic issues in either a general practice or orthopaedic practice setting. Provides precisely the diagnostic and procedural information physician assistants need, covering orthopaedic physical examination and history taking, imaging interpretation and diagnosis, and treatment strategies for orthopaedic problems. Features brief, bulleted text, consistent headings in each chapter, an easy-to-follow outline format, and clear diagrams and images throughout. Demonstrates how to perform 14 key joint injections with online videos of elbow joint injection, knee joint injection, medial epicondyle injection, subacromial injection, digital block, and more. NEW to the 2nd Edition: ICD-10 codes to facilitate accurate coding and billing "Clinical Alert boxes that highlight key information Quick-reference guide inside the front cover listing content by disorder name Concise review of common Orthopedic PANCE/PANRE topics Streamlined surgery content that focuses on need-to-know material A clearer, more direct writing style and updated content throughout, reflecting the most current research evidence and national and international guidelines Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices

Physicians are increasingly expected to assume responsibility for the management of human and financial resources in health care, particularly in hospitals. Juggling their new management responsibilities with clinical care, teaching and research can lead to conflicting roles. However, their presence in management is crucial to shaping the future health care system. They bring to management positions important skills and values such as observation, problem-solving, analysis and ethical judgement. To improve their management skills physicians can benefit from management education programs such as those offered by the Physician-Manager Institute and several Canadian universities. To manage in the future environment they must increase their knowledge and skills in policy and political processes, financial strategies and management, human resources management, systems and program quality improvement and organizational design.

La theorie du localisme‐cosmopolitanisme est appliquee a l'identification des types de medecin. L'analyse factorielle, le coefficient de concordance de Kendall ainsi que les gamma et chi‐carres sont utilises selon diverses combinaisons pour identifier des constellations de variables. On identifie deux types de medecins qui sont statistiquement bien differencies: le professionnel de la medecine (cosmopolitain) et le politicien de la medecine (local). Une demonstration empirique s'ensuit laquelle etablit que les cosmopolitains ont une attitude plus liberate que les locaux vis‐a‐vis les problemes sociaux et medicaux et une attitude plus critique vis‐a‐vis les regimes d'assurance maladie.The theory of localism‐cosmopolitanism is applied to the identification of physician‐types. Factor analysis, Kendall's coefficient of concordance, gamma and chi‐square are used in combination to identify variable clusters. Two statistically distinct types were found, the professional (cosmopolitan) and the medical politician (local). Empirical evidence is presented which indicates that cosmopolitans tend to be more liberal than locals in attitudes toward certain medical‐social issues, and more critical of health insurance plans.

Purpose. This study explores two possible mechanisms through which occupational stress is linked to absenteeism. The extent to which physician-excused absenteeism and absenteeism not excused by a physician are related to employee reports of perceived stress is assessed. Design. A plantwide survey was conducted in January 1990. Employee reports of occupational stress gained from this survey were linked with 1990 absenteeism data from the employees' records. Setting. A mid-sized manufacturing plant. Sample. Complete data were available for 998 of the 1534 (65%) unionized employees in the plant. Measures. Measures of both physician-excused absences and absences not excused by a physician were created. Stressors included role ambiguity, lack of control over work pace, and being paid on a piece-rate basis. Perceived stresses included role conflict, physical environment stresses, and overall work stress. Results. For physician-excused absenteeism, role conflict (OR, 1.54, p <.01), overall work stress (OR 1.24, p <.05), and physical environment stress (OR 1.34, p <.05) had significantly elevated odds ratios, even after adjusting for demographics. For absences not excused by a physician, none of the stressors or stresses had significant odds ratios after controlling for demographic characteristics. Conclusions. Employees in this plant were not using short-term voluntary absenteeism as a way of coping with work stress. However, high levels of perceived work stress were associated with subsequent physician-excused absences.