Suchergebnisse

Introdução: Alimentos geneticamente modificados (AGM) entraram recentemente no mercado europeu. Essa decisão política gerou polêmica social devido ao debate sobre os riscos reais à saúde e ao meio ambiente. Diante dessa realidade, profissionais da saúde, como médicos e nutricionistas, desempenham papel fundamental na decodificação dessa nova tecnologia de alimentos. Portanto, é relevante um diagnóstico da realidade pessoal, profissional e das necessidades de treinamento desses especialistas em relação ao AGM. Objetivos: Construir e validar um questionário para caracterizar as necessidades de conhecimento, opinião e treinamento de nutricionistas e médicos sobre alimentos geneticamente modificados. Método: o questionário foi implementado on-line em 2016, com um total de 526 respondentes. Foram aplicadas estratégias de validação por meio de análise semântica, análise de consistência interna e análise fatorial exploratória. Resultados e Discussão: O questionário foi validado, apresentando confiabilidade baseada no coeficiente alfa de Cronbach de 0,76. Foram extraídos 17 fatores, organizados em quatro temas: opinião, formação, conhecimento e realidade pessoal / profissional. Este artigo destaca a importância dos procedimentos estatísticos na validação de questionários. Conclusão: O questionário pode ser implementado como uma ferramenta de diagnóstico para verificar a realidade dos profissionais de saúde (médicos e nutricionistas, em particular) que lidam com os desafios da introdução de alimentos transgênicos na dieta alimentar humana. ; Introduction: Genetically modified foods (GMF) have recently entered the European market. This political decision generated social controversy due to debate over the actual health and environmental risks. Faced with this reality, health professionals, such as physicians and nutritionists, play a key role in decoding this new food technology. A diagnosis of the personal, professional reality and training needs of these specialists regarding GMF is therefore relevant. Objectives: To construct and validate a questionnaire to characterize the knowledge, opinion and training needs of nutritionists and physicians regarding genetically modified foods. Methods: The questionnaire was implemented online in 2016, with 526 respondents. Validation strategies through semantic analysis, internal consistency analysis and exploratory factor analysis were applied. Results and Discussion: The questionnaire was validated, presenting a reliability based on Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.76. Seventeen factors were extracted, being organized in four themes: opinion, training, knowledge and personal / professional reality. This article highlights the importance of statistical procedures in the validation of questionnaires. Conclusion: The questionnaire could be implemented as a diagnostic tool to ascertain the reality of health professionals (namely physicians and nutritionists, in particular) dealing with challenges of introducing transgenic foods into human food diet.

This article considers, initially, the mobility of doctors throughout the world from a bibliographic database collection and identifies the lack of information regarding Brazilian doctors. The aim is to analyze aspects that determine the emigration of Brazilian doctors to the United States of America. The methodology is based on bibliographic research using the keywords brain drain, medical migration, physicians migration, data migration physicians; identification of articles related to the emigration of doctors throughout the world; elaboration and validation of the questionnaire "Emigration Motives"; identification of doctors that emigrated, using the "snowball" technique; sending of the questionnaire by e-mail to the doctors that emigrated to the USA; tabulation of the forwarded answers; Skype interviews aiming at the validation and illustration of the results obtained in the questionnaire. Initially, the doctors choose to emigrate for personal motives (family, professional opportunities, and, in general, absence of language barriers); when established in the USA, they experience a new way of life that makes them stay (better work condition, quality of life, family and general opportunities); external motives become the cause for staying in the USA (insecurity, professional, political and economic scenarios). The conclusion is that an emigrational process of Brazilian doctors to the USA exists and, at first, the reason to emigrate is not well defined; salary is not mentioned as a primary reason; the presence of the family eases the stay in the country; the proficiency in the English language is fundamental and necessary to restart the professional life as a recently graduated in medicine since there isn't an university degree or medical specialty degree validation. ; Este artigo aborda a mobilidade de médicos pelo mundo a partir de levantamento bibliográfico em base de dados e identifica a escassez de informações referentes aos médicos brasileiros. O objetivo é analisar aspectos que determinam a emigração de médicos brasileiros para os EUA. A metodologia baseia-se em pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizando as palavras-chave "brain drain", "medical migration", "physicians migration", "data migration physicians"; identificação de artigos relacionados à emigração de médicos pelo mundo; elaboração e validação do questionário "Motivos de Emigração"; identificação de médicos que emigraram utilizando a técnica "bola de neve" ; envio do questionário por e-mail aos médicos que emigraram para os EUA; tabulação das respostas encaminhadas; realização de entrevistas por Skype com a finalidade de corroborar e exemplificar os resultados obtidos nos questionários. Inicialmente, os médicos escolhem emigrar por motivos pessoais (família, oportunidades profissionais e, em geral, facilidade do idioma); ao se estabelecerem nos EUA vivenciam uma nova forma de vida, o que os faz permanecer (melhores condições de trabalho, qualidade de vida, família e oportunidades em geral); as causas do não retorno ao Brasil passam a ter motivos externos (insegurança, cenários profissional, político e econômico). Conclui-se que existe um processo emigratório de médicos brasileiros para os EUA e, a princípio, a motivação de emigrar não é bem determinada; o salário não é citado como questão primordial; a presença da família facilita a permanência no país; a fluência na língua inglesa é fundamental; e é necessário recomeçar a vida profissional como um recémformado em medicina, pois não existe processo de validação de diploma ou de especialidades.

Brazilian physicians and judges frequently have to decide whether to save the life of a Jehovah Witness patient that refuses blood transfusion or let the patient die when treatment refusal reflects their religious belief. The Penal Code condemns the physician who fails to use all the available means to save the patient. The Civil Code, contrarily, requires the professional to respect the patient's autonomy regarding their decision over an intervention with potential risk of death. The Brazilian Constitution guarantees religious freedom and the inviolability of the right to life. This article reviews the Brazilian jurisprudence on the matter through recovery of all available decisions in the Federal and State Courts' online database up to 2013. The results show that these superior courts consider that people are not allowed to let go of their own lives for religious reasons when in a state of "imminent death". However, when the patient's clinical state is qualified as "at risk of dying", physicians are requested to respect their dissent. ; Médicos e magistrados brasileiros frequentemente têm que decidir se salvam a vida de um paciente Testemunha de Jeová que rejeita transfusão de sangue ou se permitem que o paciente morra quando da recusa do tratamento por sua crença religiosa. O Código Penal condena o médico que não usa de todos os meios disponíveis para salvar seu paciente, contrário ao Código Civil, que exige o respeito do profissional quanto à autonomia do paciente frente à sua decisão sobre uma intervenção com risco de morte. A Constituição Brasileira garante a liberdade religiosa e a inviolabilidade do direito à vida. Este trabalho analisa a jurisprudência brasileira sobre o assunto disponível nos bancos de dados online dos Tribunais Regionais Federais e Estaduais até o ano de 2013 e revela que esses tribunais superiores consideram que as pessoas não estão autorizadas a dispor de suas próprias vidas por motivos religiosos, quando em um estado de "morte iminente". No entanto, quando o estado do paciente é qualificado como "em risco de morte", os médicos devem respeitar sua discordância quanto ao tratamento.

The Admission and Clinical Documentation Services (SADC) were born in the Spanish hospitals of the National Health Service in 1989, with the aim of standardizing and unifying the functions that were developed in the Admission Units and in the Documentation and Archive Services. The legislative basis of this Service, its organization chart, the professional profile of the doctors, their competencies and the contribution of the SADC of the Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda University Hospital (Madrid) in achieving the 500 seal of the European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM) ; Los Servicios de Admisión y Documentación Clínica (SADC) nacen en los hospitales españoles del Servicio Nacional de Salud en el año 1989, con el objetivo de normalizar y unificar las funciones que se desarrollaban en las Unidades de Admisión y en los Servicios de Documentación y Archivo. Se presenta la base legislativa de este Servicio, su organigrama, el perfil profesional de los médicos, sus competencias y la aportación del SADC del Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda (Madrid) en la consecución del sello 500+ de la European Foundation for Quality Management (EFQM).

Objective: To describe the knowledge produced in the literature about the creation of the More Doctors Program and its repercussion in Brazil. Methods: Integrative review carried out from 2013 to 2016 in the databases Scientific Electronic Library Online, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Virtual Health Library and Coleciona SUS using the following descriptors: program, doctors, primary health care, health. Results: The study included twenty-one publications that met the inclusion criteria but that were found in intermediate journals and presented low levels of evidence. The main results refer to the creation of the More Doctors Program (MDP) and its repercussion for doctors, the population and in the media. The MDP was created with the aim of expanding the access and minimizing health inequalities through the distribution of doctors in municipalities considered priority. The program generated great repercussion in Brazil, with different opinions among governmental institutions, users, media and, mainly, Brazilian doctors. Conclusions: Reducing inequalities in the distribution of doctors is hard task that requires long-term actions. In addition, there is the need to implement strategies to improve infrastructure, the distribution of inputs and equipment, the logistic support and to make a health care network capable of solving users' conditions in an efficient and effective way at all levels of care. ; Objetivo: Describir el conocimiento producido en la literatura sobre la creación del Programa Más Médicos y su repercusión en Brasil. Métodos: Revisión integrativa realizada en el período entre 2013 y 2016 en las bases de datos: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Literatura Latino-Americana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS), Biblioteca Virtual en Salud (BVS) y en la Colecciona SUS, utilizándose los descriptores: programa, médicos, atención primaria, atención básica, salud. Resultados: Fueron elegidas 21 publicaciones que se incluyeron en los criterios de inclusión ...

Objectives: to describe as the integrant ones of a team of family doctor they carry through the practical one of the shelter
during the domiciliary visit and e to identify the potentialities of the Domiciliary Visit as a device for the shelter. Method: a
exploratory research with qualitative boarding was carried through, having been adopted as research techniques:
documentary survey, participant comment and semi-structured interview with actors of the teams of the Medical Program of
Family of Niterói of the following modules: Cafubá II, Engenho do Mato I, Palácio e Viradouro. Results: the data had been
analyzed through the content analysis, of which the following categories had emerged: the potentiality of the domiciliary
visit as a shelter device; planning of the domiciliary visit in the medical program of family; domiciliary visit as instrument of
resignificar the practical one of the professionals. Conclusion: The Domiciliary Visit made possible the construction of bonds
between users, familiar and professional, fact this that potencializou the Domiciliary Visit as a device for the shelter in
health.

This paper purpose is to peer if the toponymic tribute to Nina Rodrigues in the state of Maranhão advocates implicitly the myth sedimented by Phrenology that human interbreeding produces ethnic degeneration, as this Brazilian physician(1862-1906) used to postulate flying on the assumption of a superiority of the white ethnicity. (SKIDMORE, 1989). This is a bibliographic search and it is anchored on the studies of (CLOVAL, 2001), (NASH, 2013) e (DICK, 1987, 1990). In the beginning, it intends to show that the racist theses of Dr. Nina Rodrigues, clearly unveiled by means of the vocabulary he employs, are arising from a historic context carved out by the European Social Darwinism and the slaveholder ideology, maintained in Brazil, even after 1888, and, that such a paradigm should be rejected at the light of the highest spectrum anthropological discoveries existent today. So, starting from postulates about the negro ethnicity origin, their ethnonyms and acts in the old civilization, it touches the illation that miseducation, cruel treatment, and constant depreciation, coming from several makers of social opinion, build behaviors and the said hereditary degenerative defects, i/o it is not an immanently wild nature, but a product.

The aim of the study was to interpret and understand the institutionalization of public health care in the state of Sao Paulo over the years 1930-1940, based on the history of medical specialties. The methodology involved analysis of new sources of documents, which were compared with the existing literature, thereby leading to identification of new indices relating to the issue of eugenics and the presence of physicians' religious beliefs as a social movement. As physicians became public health experts, they proposed a project to elevate the Brazilian race, by merging the hygienist discourse with sanitary actions. Sao Paulo sought primacy in this project, believing that this was a State already constituted by a race of "historically healthy men". Religious beliefs influenced the debate and the decisions of that time with regard to the established order within public health. In this manner, it could be shown that, historically, public health discourse was constituted by merging technical-scientific issues with political-ideological and cultural issues, producing a mixture of different interests and corporative perspectives of the profession. ; El objetivo del estudio fue interpretar y comprender la institucionalización de la salud pública paulista en los años 1930-1940, basándose en la historia de las especialidades médicas. Se analizaron nuevas fuentes documentales cónsonas con la literatura existente, llevando a la identificación de nuevos indicios relativos al aspecto eugenesia y a la presencia de creencias religiosas de médicos como un movimiento social. Los médicos, en la medida que se especializaban como sanitaristas, proponían un proyecto para elevar la raza brasileña, mezclando discursos higienistas con acciones sanitarias. Sao Paulo buscó la primacía en este proyecto, por considerarse un Estado detentor de una raza ya constituida "hombres históricamente saludables". Las creencias religiosas influenciaron el debate y las decisiones de época para la orden sanitaria. Históricamente, el discurso sanitario compone aspectos técnico-científicos con las político-ideológicas y las culturales, produciendo una mezcla de los diferentes intereses y perspectivas de orden corporativa de la profesión. ; O objetivo do estudo foi interpretar e compreender a institucionalização da saúde pública paulista nos anos 1930-1940, com base na história das especialidades médicas. Foram analisadas novas fontes documentais em diálogo com a literatura existente, levando à identificação de novos indícios relativamente à questão eugênica e à presença de crenças religiosas de médicos como um movimento social. Os médicos, à medida que se especializavam como sanitaristas, propunham um projeto para elevar a raça brasileira, mesclando discursos higienistas com ações sanitárias. São Paulo buscou a primazia nesse projeto, por se acreditar um Estado detentor de uma raça já constituída de "homens historicamente saudáveis". Crenças religiosas influenciaram o debate e as decisões de época para a ordem sanitária. Historicamente, o discurso sanitário compõe questões técnico-científicas com as político-ideológicas e as culturais, produzindo uma mescla dos diferentes interesses e perspectivas de ordem corporativa da profissão.