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Intro -- PHYSICIAN PRACTICES: CHANGES, TRENDS, AND IMPLICATIONS -- PHYSICIAN PRACTICES: CHANGES, TRENDS, AND IMPLICATIONS -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 PHYSICIAN PRACTICES: BACKGROUND, ORGANIZATION, AND MARKET CONSOLIDATION -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- PHYSICIAN SUPPLY -- Supporting Practitioners -- PRACTICE CONSOLIDATION -- Market Trends -- Larger Group Practices and Physician Organizations -- Hospital Affiliation and Employment -- Affiliation with Insurers and Other Payers -- Delivery Reforms -- Concierge Practices -- LEGAL ISSUES -- ISSUES FOR CONGRESS -- Medical Spending -- Access -- Coordinated Care/Quality -- APPENDIX. PHYSICIAN INCOME AND PRACTICE COSTS -- Federal Policies Affecting Compensation -- End Notes -- Chapter 2 PHYSICIAN SUPPLY AND THE PATIENT PROTECTION AND AFFORDABLE CARE ACT -- SUMMARY -- INTRODUCTION -- SIZE OF THE PHYSICIAN POPULATION -- Measuring the Physician Population -- Determining the Appropriate Size of the Physician Population -- PPACA and the Size of the Physician Population -- PPACA Provisions Targeting the Number of Physicians Trained -- PPACA Provisions Targeting Physician Productivity -- COMPOSITION OF THE PHYSICIAN POPULATION -- Primary Care Supply and Factors Influencing Primary Care Supply -- PPACA and the Composition of the Physician Population -- PPACA Provisions Targeting Primary Care Supply -- Primary Care Content in Physician Training -- Primary Care Physician Payment -- Care Coordination by Primary Care Physicians -- PPACA Provisions Targeting Shortages in Specialties -- GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE PHYSICIAN POPULATION -- Health Professional Shortage Areas and Medically Underserved Areas/Populations -- Why Geographic Shortages May Exist -- PPACA and the Geographic Distribution of the Physician Population -- PPACA Provisions Targeting the NHSC

• Columbia: On complaint of Sumter police authorities, W.S. Penn was arrested for representing himself as a physician and for selling influenza "cure" he said the government authorized him to sell; it is alleged he sold his "physic" to negroes in Sumter Co. ; Newspaper article ; 1

This Article briefly summarizes the history of the euthanasia debate in the United States, describes the classical arguments for and against euthanasia, examines the terms of the current debate, and concludes that while society may want to recognize a competent patient's right to escape the suffering of a terminal illness, it should do so with humility—and with caution.

Malpractice insurance premiums for physicians have increased at an average rate of over 30 percent per year. This rate is significantly higher than health care cost inflation and the increase in physician costs. Trends indicate that malpractice related costs, both liability insurance and defensive medicine costs, will continue to increase for the near future. Pressures to limit physician costs under Medicare raise a concern about how malpractice costs can be controlled. This paper presents an overview of the problem, reviews options that are available to policymakers, and discusses State and legislative efforts to address the issue.

"Physician-assisted suicide (PAS) is legal in nine US states and the District of Columbia. It is not without controversy, even in those states in which PAS laws have been passed. Proponents believe that it's a matter of liberty, that the terminally ill have the right to choose how their lives will end. Opponents argue that such laws make the terminally ill vulnerable to medical errors and abuse, and that in effect they devalue life. The viewpoints in this volume examine physician-assisted suicide from many angles, providing readers with a comprehensive approach to a challenging topic"--

В данной работе рассматриваются различные аспекты неразглашения врачебной тайны.Physician–patient privilege is a medical and legal concept. It prohibits a physician from divulging to anybody some information about his patients (diagnosis, results of examination and so on). Each physician must obey this ban if he or she treats a patient.In fact, the concept of physician–patient privilege appeared in Ancient India. It voiced that you could fear your brother, mother or friend but never – a doctor. Since those days, doctors have been vowing to keep all patient's secrets and always do it. Physician–patient privilege is one of the basic postulates of the Hippocratic Oath. In fact, each state guarantees to its citizens keeping of the privilege. Although there are situations when it is allowed to provide patient's data without his or her consent, for instance: in order to examine and treat a person who cannot express his or her will due to a bad state; if there is a danger of spreading any infection or provoking an epidemic; if the information is requested by judiciary or law enforcement agency; if a patient is not an adult and physicians must inform parents or legal representatives about his or her state of health; in case of injuries received due to any incorrect procedures; the necessity to do military medical examination.According to legal systems of some countries all people having any information about a sick person are hold disciplinary, administrative or criminal responsibility in case of divulging.When somebody is admitted to a hospital, his relatives and friends want to know about his state of health. Physicians have to resolve conflict situations. On the one hand, it is clear they worry about his or her life. However, on the other hand all these data are included into the concept «physician–patient privilege». In fact, a good physician never says his patient's diagnosis to anybody. In our opinion, physicians can break physician–patient privilege only in case when it is said whether the person will live or not. In other cases, only a patient can decide whom to say this or that information about his or her health. Physicians should look after the sick people; care about their physical, mental and moral health. In return, patients should talk about their problems and trust their physicians. Any offense against the «physician–patient privilege» makes a person feel humiliated. In this case, the patient has a right to apply to a judiciary because of the non-pecuniary damage that was harmed by physicians. To sum up, the most important commandment for every physician is to remember about these ethical postulates!

Since 1957 the courts in most states have moved rapidly toward imposing vicarious liability on a hospital for the torts of employee-physicians. In 1965 the Illinois Supreme Court held that a hospital could be liable for the malpractice of a nonemployee-physician. This comment attempts to describe these trends, to delineate the new rules the courts are applying and to determine the rationale for adopting these new rules. The comment assumes the patient has established that the physician committed malpractice; the only issue addressed is whether the patient can recover from the hospital for his or her injuries. The scope is further limited to the liability of a private hospital; thus governmental immunity, peculiar to state or federally owned hospitals, is not discussed.

Intro -- PHYSICIAN SUPPLY AND DEMAND -- PHYSICIAN SUPPLY AND DEMAND -- CONTENTS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 GRADUATE MEDICAL EDUCATION: TRENDS IN TRAINING AND STUDENT DEBT -- ENCLOSURE I -- Graduate Medical Education: Trends in Training and Student Debt -- Overview -- Introduction -- Objectives -- Scope and Methodology -- Background -- Medical education -- Key Policy Changes in Postgraduate Medical Training -- Federal student loans -- Most specialties can fall into three categories -- Summary of Findings -- 1. Surgical and Procedural Specialties Preferred, and Subspecialization Increasing -- Surgical and Procedural Specialties Have Been More Competitive -- U.S. MD students fill higher proportions of available surgical and procedural positions -- More doctors are pursuing training to become subspecialists -- 2. Multiple Factors, Demographic Characteristics Influence Specialty Choice -- Students consider multiple factors -- Factors lead students to pursue or avoid certain specialties -- Demographics and personality traits are important -- 3. Debt Is Rising but Federal Assistance Is Available and Physicians Can Earn High Incomes -- Debt, Federal Assistance, Physician Income -- Nearly half of graduating medical students are at least 150,000 in debt -- Medical school tuition is also increasing -- Federal loans are available to cover the full cost of medical education -- Options for reducing repayment burdens until after training -- Physicians incur more debt but can earn high incomes to repay it -- ENCLOSURE II -- Trends in Postgraduate Dental Education and Student Debt -- ENCLOSURE III -- Trends in Thoracic Surgery Fellowships -- ENCLOSURE IV -- Scope and Methodology -- Data Analysis -- Literature and Document Review -- Interviews with Government Officials and Professional Groups -- ENCLOSURE V.

Operation Enduring Freedom (OEF-A) in Afghanistan and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OIF) represent the first major, sustained wars in which emergency physicians (EPs) fully participated as an integrated part of the military's health system. EPs proved invaluable in the deployments, and they frequently used the full spectrum of trauma and medical care skills. The roles EPs served expanded over the years of the conflicts and demonstrated the unique skill set of emergency medicine (EM) training. EPs supported elite special operations units, served in medical command positions, and developed and staffed flying intensive care units. EPs have brought their combat experience home to civilian practice. This narrative review summarizes the history, contributions, and lessons learned by EPs during OEF-A/OIF and describes changes to daily clinical practice of EM derived from the combat environment.

Professionalism and Ethics in Medicine: A Study Guide for Physicians and Physicians-in-Training is a unique self-study guide for practitioners and trainees covering the core competency areas of professionalism, ethics, and cultural sensitivity. This novel title presents real-world dilemmas encountered across the specialties of medicine, offering guidance and relevant information to assist physicians, residents, and medical students in their decision-making. The text is divided into two parts: Foundations and Questions with Answers. The first part provides a substantive foundation of knowledge in the principles, scholarship, policy guidelines, and decision-making strategies of the modern health professions. The second part assists practitioners and trainees in preparing for the complex issues that arise each day in the settings where health professionals work and train - clinics, research centers, educational contexts, and communities. Developed by renowned leaders in a broad range of clinical fields, Professionalism and Ethics in Medicine: A Study Guide for Physicians and Physicians-in-Training is a major, invaluable contribution to the literature and an indispensable reference for clinicians at all levels.