Suchergebnisse

The relationship between social interaction and college attendance is examined across varying types of communities. Structural arrangements and interaction patterns that foster positive relationships are regarded as social capital and are conceptualized as investments that can yield human capital returns in terms of higher educational attainment. Logistic regression procedures are employed to analyze data from the High School and Beyond Longitudinal Study. The social capital model of college attendance is estimated for the full sample and separately for high school students living in urban, suburban, and rural communities. Predicted probabilities of attending college for students with high and low social capital are obtained. Results of these analyses indicate that parental expectation of college attendance is the most powerful predictor of subsequent college attendance among variables examined. Measures of community social capital and parental human capital also strongly predict attendance.

The small amount of evidence existing on place of residence status projections (aspirations & expectations) of youth is largely restricted to the South, & from this it was concluded that among Ru youth, girls more than boys & Negroes more than whites aspired to Ur residence. This investigation was intended to supplement this paucity of information by reporting on residence aspirations & expectations from an East Tex study of 484 HSch sophomores residing in 3 non-metropolitan counties which were purposively selected to include high rates of fam poverty & Negroes. The investigation consisted of racesex comparisons on 4 dimensions of these status projections: (1) aspiration-type of place desired (size & proximity to a city) & intensity of aspiration; (2) expectation-type of place & degree of certainty. Type of place aspirations & expectations were indicated by responses to a 2-dimension forced-choice question including alternatives ranging from 'farm, not near a city' to 'large city.' Intensity of aspiration & certainty of expectation were indicated by responses to forced-choice, ordinarily scaled alternatives. For both aspirations & expectations it was found that Negro youth desired to live in a cityparticularly a large city-much more frequently than white youth. Signif diff's by sex were observed only among white youth-girls projected city residence more often & Ru farm & nonfarm residence less often than boys. A majority of all types of R's were observed to have weak place of residence aspirations, while approximately 50% of all R's felt certain about their place of residence expectations. A control implemented for SES (prestige of job held by main breadwinner) indicated that racial diff's observed were not explained by SES diff's between the racial groupings. It was observed that part of these Tex findings were congruent with results from earlier studies done in Fla & Ky, which resulted in the inference that the Tex findings could be representative of the econ'ly disadvantaged sectors of the Ru South. AA.

The purpose of this study is to assess the degree of employment discrimination against young people according to their place of residence. We considered several spatial scales in order to measure the effect of the reputation of the administrative department or county, the town or municipality and of the local neighbourhood. The evaluation is performed using correspondence test data carried out between October 2011 and February 2012. We studied 2988 candidacies that were submitted to 498 job offers (waiters and cooks) within the restaurant industry and located in the Paris area. Statistical and econometric results pointed out that resident effect is significant and important in magnitude: a good address can triple the chances of being invited to a job interview.

The phenomenon called "return to the city" has intensified in Rzeszów. After a clear decline in the number of inhabitants at the beginning of the present century, for several years there has been a steady increase in population, which is not related to incorporating more towns into the city. The paper presents the analysis of data collected during the study carried out in the city. Residents of the city declared satisfaction with their place of residence. The main reasons for satisfaction were the cleanliness of the city, aesthetics, work, noticeable city development, developed infrastructure, and a high level of security and peace.

Persons without a fixed place of residence currently constitute a certain social group, characterized by a constant growing trend, in particular, due to persons released from prison, which increases its social risk, expressed in the potential environment for crimes, social danger, as well as the degradation of an individual as a whole. The activities of state institutions of the social support system for homeless persons are primarily related to the restoration of a person's status in various fields, including in the legal sphere in the form of restoration of lost documents and in the labor sphere — job search. The solution to these problems involves the inclusion in social support of non-governmental organizations that have low requirements for the status of homeless people and assume work on their «territory», which implies the complete absence of any barriers. In this regard, it is necessary to develop intersectoral interaction between the state and the non-profit sector in the system of social support for people without a fixed place of residence.

BACKGROUND: Loneliness in later life is largely presented as a problem of the individual focusing upon antecedents such as demographic or health factors. Research examining the role of the broader living environments is much rarer. We examined the relationship between loneliness and three dimensions of the lived environment: geographical region, deprivation, and area classification (urban or rural). METHODS: Our sample consisted of 4663 core members (44% males) aged 50+ (wave 7 mean age 72.8, S.D. = 7.1) present both in waves 3 (2006) and 7 (2014) of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Loneliness was measured using two approaches, individual and area-based, and both waves included these questions. Individual-based (self-reported) loneliness was assessed using the three item University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) scale (ranging from 3 = not lonely to 9 = lonely) with a score of 6+ defining loneliness. We also used a novel question which asked participants to evaluate how often they felt lonely in their area of residence (area-based; ranging from 1 = often to 7 = never, using cut off 4+ to define loneliness). The lived environment was classified in three different ways: the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), Government Office Regions (GOR), and area classification (urban or rural). Covariates with established relationship with loneliness including demographic factors, social engagement and health, were included in the analyses. RESULTS: In wave 7, the prevalence of individual-based loneliness was 18% and area-based was 25%. There was limited congruence between measures: 68% participants reported no individual- or area-based loneliness and 9% reported loneliness for both measures. After adjusting for individual co-variates only one significant relationship was observed between loneliness and area -based characteristics. A significant association was observed between area-based loneliness and deprivation score, with higher levels of loneliness in more deprived areas (OR = 1.4 for highest quintile ...