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Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preamble -- Authors -- Executive Summary -- Key Recommendations -- 1. What is Place-Based Policy? -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Defining place -- 1.3 Policy and place -- 1.4 Place-based versus spatially blind policies -- 1.5 Subjective aspects of place-based policy -- 1.6 Structure of the book -- 2. What are the Benefits of Place-Based Policy? -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Generating economic growth -- 2.2.1 Innovation and place-based policy -- 2.2.2 Universities and place-based policy -- 2.3 Creating better policy outcomes -- 2.4 Improving well-being -- 2.5 Responding to economic shocks and supporting transition -- 2.6 Addressing disadvantage -- 2.7 Conclusions -- 3. Requirements and Challenges of Place-Based Policy -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Governance -- 3.2.1 The governance of Smart Specialisation -- 3.3 Leadership -- 3.4 Policy Challenges -- 3.4.1 Faltering expectations -- 3.4.2 Vested interests -- 3.4.3 Lack of financial resources -- 3.4.4 Measuring success -- 3.5 Conclusions -- 4. Outcomes of Place-Based Policy: What Works and What Does Not? -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Place-based policies in response to an economic shock: the Latrobe Valley in Gippsland, Australia -- 4.3 Place-based policies for innovation and economic growth: Finland and Sweden -- 4.4 Placed-based innovation policies and the role of time frame and support by political leaders: South Moravia, Czechia -- 4.5 Place-based adaptation using collaborative governance: Nova Scotia, Canada -- 4.6 Place-based policy to address economic disadvantage: City of Iida, Nagano Prefecture, Japan -- 4.7 Conclusions -- 5. Conclusions: Questions Answered, Issues Remaining -- 5.1 How can governments and communities best deliver place-based policy?.

Unequal allocation of neighborhood resources has been linked to cardiovascular outcomes. Consequently, neighborhood influences on cardiovascular health are multilevel and nuanced which makes it difficult for researchers and practitioners to find ways to modify neighborhoods to support health.

Economists have traditionally focused on policies aimed directly at low-income people, rather than at low-income places. For example, programs like welfare payments, food stamps, Medicaid, and Supplemental Security Income are based on individuals. But there has been a push in the last few years for consideration of “place-based policies,” which focus on different rules for … Continue reading A Market Failure Case for Place-Based Policy
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Executive Summary There has been a return to place-based policy-making in Scotland in recent years, particularly as a result of the recommendations of the Christie Commission on the delivery of public services and the Community Empowerment (Scotland) Act 2015. However, the term 'place-based approach' remains poorly defined and the implications for rural Scotland have not been fully explored. Defining 'place-based approaches' - The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development's (OECD) New Rural Paradigm (2006) and its more recent Rural Policy 3.0 (2016) are fundamentally based on place, and the need to build on local assets and potential through integrated partnership working. Its parallel regional development work has demonstrated how all regions have the potential to grow and argued that they should be supported to do so, through tailored place-based approaches to encourage economic growth and the creation of a more inclusive society. - The European Commission (EC) work on place-based approaches emphasises the need for a balance of exogenous and endogenous interventions and multilevel governance to develop integrated, locally-owned strategies. For the OECD and EC this approach is about much more than funding directed towards particular places; it signifies a new philosophy and style of operating. - In Scotland, the re-emergence of place-based approaches is set very much in the context of reform of Scotland's public services, given tightened budgets and increased demands, to encourage more integrated service provision at local level. However, in the Christie Commission, and the Government's response to it, it is argued that place-based approaches do more than provide an opportunity to address key agendas such as prevention and early intervention, and tackle inequalities. They also offer the potential to tackle cross-cutting issues through an integrated and joined-up approach across geographic and organisational boundaries and to develop the most appropriate responses, based on bottom-up endogenous knowledge, resources, etc. and putting communities at the heart of activities. Implications for rural Scotland - The new emphasis on place-based policy approaches in Scotland has particular implications for its rural communities. For example, in terms of services, there are specific challenges in rural locations relating to the costs of service delivery, which need to be recognised as today's place-based approaches are funded from mainstream resources. However, more positively, place-based initiatives offer opportunities for rural areas to be at the forefront of innovative approaches to the delivery of services through new collaborative working or the use of digital technology. - Defining the appropriate scale of place for an intervention is critical in rural areas and taking a functional region (e.g. a town and its hinterland) may be more appropriate than using existing administrative boundaries. - It is critical that there is an adequate evidence base to inform the design of place-based approaches, and to monitor and measure their impact, but this evidence base does not always exist for rural areas. As inequality and deprivation are the key issues guiding the location of place-based approaches, it is especially important that up-to-date and fine grained data exists to identify these in all locations and thus target approaches appropriately and accurately measure impacts. - There is evidence to suggest that rural communities often have high levels of capacity due to their remote location or the challenges that they have faced (i.e. due to necessity), therefore they may be particularly well placed to engage in place-based initiatives. However, having a public (and private) sector which is supportive of and helps to build this engagement is critical, particularly in those communities which do not have a history of engaging, in order to avoid the creation of an increasingly uneven socio-economic development landscape. - Moreover, having a policy framework which recognises and is supportive of place-based innovation at local level is important. - Finally, notwithstanding the considerable challenges that some rural areas still face, including in terms of the requirement to enhance their capacity to engage, the adoption of a place-based approach in national policy-making in Scotland offers the opportunity to develop a more positive dialogue around the future of rural communities based on their wider range of economic, social and environmental assets and their often untapped potential.

AbstractDespite being the second most populated region in Brazil, the Northeast has persistently accounted for a small share of national income. A well‐known attempt to develop the region was made in 1959 with the creation of SUDENE, a big push type of place‐based policy resulting in an intensification of industrial investments. Historical data sets are used to make comparable input–output tables at a 31 sector level for 1959 and 1980, and input–output analysis is applied to appraise transformations. Developments in the following decades are also discussed. The main focus is on changes in the interdependence among sectors in the region, the sectors' dependency on the rest of Brazil, and the sectors' contributions to the regional economy in terms of value added. From the first decades, the main finding is an unintended trade‐off between production growth and employment performance. Over the 1990s and turn of the century, although the economy diversified, dependence on inputs from the rest of Brazil also increased. Also, manufacturing sectors continued to be less capable of generating value added. Given persistent regional inequalities, levelling up attempts require a more encompassing approach including investing in human capital and addressing differential access to power.