Suchergebnisse

While immigrant integration is increasingly important for policy-makers, governments of countries approach the challenge of integration differently. In this article, I frame the issue of migrant/refugee integration in the larger context of political debates and policies about the entry of refugees and migrants. I then go on to analytic comparison of refugee integration policies in eleven developed countries, focusing on the interrelated domains of citizenship, language acquisition, and employment. These three domains are interrelated: acquiring language skills facilitates employment and (for most countries) is required for citizenship. I find considerable variation across these countries, which reflects their different historical contexts, but also the different policy choices that have been made in the countries. Even within the European Union, there is considerable variation between Member States in the emphasis they place, for example, on employment of refugees. While the study focuses primarily on policies developed at the national level, I conclude by stressing the importance of local initiatives to support refugee integration.

This paper is an attempt to illustrate the education policy having been developed since the time period prior to the economic crisis until today. The reason for choosing this time period is that it reflects major events relevant to the continuation of the local society. In this respect, reference is made to the migrants' presence in Greece prior to the economic crisis migrants' conditions throughout the economic crisis and the refugees' advent in recent years. At the same time, the corresponding legislative texts and the political discourse developed throughout this period are critically analysed. The socio-political and economic conditions of this time period have been crucial to generating political discourse, social meaning and, eventually, shaping new identities, especially regarding migrants and refugees. Based on critical discourse analysis, it can be argued that the legislative administrative regulations serve the dominant political system, while on-going conservative attitudes and emerging far right anti-democratic trends operate in a segregating, rather than a unifying, manner for the entire population. Besides, education seems unable to operate in a similarly unifying pattern, leading to limited opportunity structures, exclusion and marginalisation for specific population groups, namely migrants and refugees. Therefore, given the socio-political and cultural challenges emanating from expanded migrant and refugee communities, the education policy must definitely be revisited. A renewed and updated educational discourse should be developed and put forward towards harmonising and unifying models, embracing all citizens, namely natives, migrants and refugees. This way, humanism and democracy will be perceived in their true dimension, while intercultural education will acquire its substantial dimension within the expanded multicultural societies.

Résumé
Depuis sa fondation en 1863, le Mouvement international de la
Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge — et plus particulièrement le CICR — s'est
préoccupé du sort des réfugiés et des populations civiles déplacées à
l'intérieur de leur propre pays. La Croix-Rouge est ainsi à l'origine de la
création d'une structure qui s'interésse au sort des réfugiés sur le plan
international et au centre de laquelle se trouve aujourd'hui le Haut
Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés. L'article porte
principalement sur le défi relativement nouveau que doit relever la
communauté internationale, à savoir le déplacement des personnes à
l'intérieur de leur propre pays. En guise de conclusion, l'auteur en appelle
à la communauté internationale et aux institutions chargées de la protection
des réfugiés et des personnes déplacées pour qu'elles veillent à ce que les
intérêts de ces personnes soient sauvegardés en tout temps, à l'intérieur de
leur propre pays, et que l'efficacité de l'aide dont elles ont besoin soit
toujours garantie.