Suchergebnisse

Diffusion du document : INRA Unité d'Economie et Sociologie rurales 4 Allée Adolphe Bobierre CS 61103 35011 Rennes cedex (FRA) ; L'avenir de l'espace rural est devenu un enjeu dans de nombreux pays européens, à cause des transformations qui affectent les relations villes-campagnes et de l'intérêt croissant porté par l'ensemble de la société à la préservation des aménités offertes par les régions rurales. Or, dans l'ensemble, les économistes agricoles ont assez peu travaillé sur l'économie des régions rurales, alors que les géographes et les sociologues se sont intéressés depuis plus longtemps au monde rural. Les outils théoriques et méthodologiques des économistes agricoles leur permettraient pourtant de contribuer utilement à la compréhension du fonctionnement des régions rurales et à la mise en place de politiques économiques adaptées. Ce texte pose quelques hypothèses sur l'économie des régions rurales et le développement rural, puis présente des voies de recherche prometteuses, déjà ouvertes par les économistes agricoles. Il conclut en montrant l'intérêt d'une approche multidisciplinaire pour appréhender correctement quelques questions clés conditionnant l'avenir des régions rurales.

L'avenir de l'espace rural est devenu un enjeu dans de nombreux pays européens, à cause des transformations qui affectent les relations villes-campagnes et de l'intérêt croissant porté par l'ensemble de la société à la préservation des aménités offertes par les régions rurales. Or, dans l'ensemble, les économistes agricoles ont assez peu travaillé sur l'économie des régions rurales, alors que les géographes et les sociologues se sont intéressés depuis plus longtemps au monde rural. Les outils théoriques et méthodologiques des économistes agricoles leur permettraient pourtant de contribuer utilement à la compréhension du fonctionnement des régions rurales et à la mise en place de politiques économiques adaptées. Ce texte pose quelques hypothèses sur l'économie des régions rurales et le développement rural, puis présente des voies de recherche prometteuses, déjà ouvertes par les économistes agricoles. Il conclut en montrant l'intérêt d'une approche multidisciplinaire pour appréhender correctement quelques questions clés conditionnant l'avenir des régions rurales.

Abstract
In the current context of increased interactions with multiple mobilities, the acceleration of communication and the permeability of cultural borders multiply the benchmarks for people, ideas and discourses. It changes communication, ways to mobilize public opinion and mechanisms of dissemination and influence to situate action and reaction, senses of belongings and ruptures, trends and counter-trends. Making the connection between idea-makers and decision-makers, between theory and practice, is the aim of think tanks, those laboratories of ideas at the service of society. How can we link the social fabric with research and political actions? How can we avoid distrust with the necessary marketing of proposals and conclusions certified by think tanks to get the media's attention? Discourses connect ideas with people, and in the time of global processes they have to be analysed through an interdisciplinary perspective in order to question the theory and the practice, the contexts and the flows. Think tanks can be the mediators for the renewal and transnationalization of research with the participation of social actors – professionals of justice, communication and young researchers – in parallel processes that are mutually influenced. This research/action raises the existence of an excessive usage of 'containers' concept in discourses, in which anything that creates incertitude can fit. In this way, the discourse related to migration has to be renovated and renewed. Words such as difference, identity and diversity can describe migration either as a problem or a solution, but always highlight it as being ab-normal and as being a global reaction to new realities. How can we imagine scenarios for action in which we all can move in one social framework beyond nacional boudearies? This article questions the role of think tanks from a reality in which a variety of opinions, perspectives and practices exist without coinciding in one single analysis.

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to organize and connect past research from different servitization-related scholarly communities.


Design/methodology/approach
This study reviews more than 1,000 articles by combining author co-citation and qualitative content analyses.


Findings
The structure and boundaries of the field are mapped, and the characteristics of the three identified servitization-related communities are assessed qualitatively. These three communities are product-service systems, solution business, and service science. The findings demonstrate that a narrow range of theories and qualitative methods dominate in existing research.


Originality/value
Through the lens of the sociology of science, this review critically evaluates servitization-related research and offers a list of themes that are considered important to the future development of the field. Regarding future research, the main recommendations are as follows: increasing the use of well-established theories from adjacent mature fields, borrowing ideas from different research communities to stimulate knowledge accumulation within and across communities, and reducing the level of description while increasing the number of confirmatory, quantitative, and longitudinal research designs. Finally, the development of formal structures for socialization (e.g. conferences and special issues) could allow the field to achieve a greater degree of scientific maturity and would influence the direction and pace of the development of servitization-related research.

AbstractScholars increasingly document different forms of conflict-related sexual violence, their distinct causes, and their sharply varying deployment by armed organizations. In this paper, I first summarize recent research on this variation, emphasizing findings that contradict or complicate popular beliefs. I then discuss distinct interpretations of the claim that such violence is part of a continuum of violence between peace and war. After analyzing recent research on the internal dynamics of armed organizations, I suggest that widespread rape often occurs as a practice rather than as a strategy. Finally, I advance some principles to guide policy in light of recent research.