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Cover -- Half Title -- Title -- Copyright -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Toward a Theory of Urban Political Behavior -- 3. The Site of the Study -- 4. Ghetto-Specific Behaviors in Black and White -- 5. Neighborhood Poverty and Social Isolation in Inner-City America -- 6. Neighborhood Poverty and Political Participation -- 7. Does Family Context Matter? -- 8. The Impact of Neighborhoods, Families and Social Isolation on Political Behavior -- 9. National Urban Policy and Political Behavior in Inner-City Communities -- Appendix A: Questionnaire -- Appendix B: Methodological Appendix -- Bibliography -- Index

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Table of Contents -- Preface -- Illustrations -- CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO GAPOLOGY -- The Concept of "Gapology" -- The United States in Red and Blue -- A Culture War? -- The Gapology of American Politics -- CHAPTER 2: THE INCOME GAP -- Income and American Political Behavior -- The Income Gap in the 2008 and 2012 Elections -- Income and Public Policy Preferences -- The Education Gap -- The Significance of the Income Gap -- CHAPTER 3: THE RELIGION GAP -- Religion and American Political Behavior -- The Religion Gap in the 2008 and 2012 Elections -- Religion and Public Policy Preferences -- Religion and the Cultural Divide -- The Changing Dynamic of the Religion Gap -- The Significance of the Religion Gap -- CHAPTER 4: THE GENDER GAP -- Gender and American Political Behavior -- The Gender Gap in the 2008 and 2012 Elections -- Gender and Public Policy Preferences -- The Marriage Gap -- The Significance of the Gender Gap -- CHAPTER 5: THE RACE GAP -- Race and American Political Behavior -- The Race Gap in the 2008 and 2012 Elections -- Race and Public Policy Preferences -- The Significance of the Race Gap -- CHAPTER 6: THE AGE GAP -- Age and American Political Behavior -- The Age Gap in the 2008 and 2012 Elections -- Age and Public Policy Preferences -- The Significance of the Age Gap -- CHAPTER 7: THE GEOGRAPHY GAP -- Geography and American Political Behavior -- Geography and Public Policy Preferences -- The Significance of the Geography Gap -- CHAPTER 8: THE IMPLICATIONS OF GAPOLOGY -- The Gaps and Vote Choice -- The Gaps and Public Policy Preferences -- The Significance of Gapology -- Appendix: Exit Polls, 1980-2012 -- Discussion Questions -- Index

The focus of this book is on how community comes to influence political behaviour; it takes an interdisciplinary approach blending the fields of community psychology, sociology, and political science.

Contents: Acknowledgments. I. Introduction. II. The Primary Groups and Politics. III. Experiments and the Political Process: 1. The Culture of the Laboratory. IV. Experiments and the Political Process: 2: Bridging the Gap. V. The Concept of Leadership. VI. Leadership: Affective and Instrumental, 1. VII. Leadership: Affective and Instrumental, 2. VIII. Leadership and the Norms of the Group. IX. The Participation Hypothesis, 1: Application of a Small Group Finding. X. The Participation Hypothesis, 2: The Generality of a Small Group Finding. XI. A Concluding Note. Bibliography. Index. Originall

The SAGE Encyclopedia of Political Behavior explores the intersection of psychology, political science, sociology, and human behavior. This encyclopedia integrates theories, research, and case studies from a variety of disciplines that inform this established area of study. Aimed at college and university students, this one-of-a-kind book covers voting patterns, interactions between groups, what makes different types of government systems appealing to different societies, and the impact of early childhood development on political beliefs, among others. Topics explored by political psychologists are of great interest in fields beyond either psychology or political science, with implications, for instance, within business and management.

This work presents a unique analysis of the effects of individuals' gendered personality traits on their political attitudes and behaviour. The empirical analyses demonstrate that, regardless of biological sex, individuals levels of masculine and feminine personality traits help to determine their party identification, vote choice, ideology, and political engagement

"Personality and the Foundations of Political Behavior is the first study in more than 30 years to investigate the broad significance of personality traits for mass political behavior. Drawing on the Big Five personality trait framework, Jeffery J. Mondak argues that attention to personality provides a valuable means to integrate biological and environmental influences in rich, nuanced theories and empirical tests of the antecedents of political behavior. Development of such holistic accounts is critical, Mondak contends, if inquiry is to move beyond simple "blank slate" environmental depictions of political engagement. Analyses examining multiple facets of political information, political attitudes, and participation reveal that the Big Five trait dimensions - openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and emotional stability - produce both direct and indirect effects on a wide range of political phenomena"--

This unique text offers a comprehensive overview of who participates in politics and why, how social and political institutions shape that involvement, and, ultimately, what form citizen political participation takes. Drawing on a multitude of factors to explain politics and political behavior, Woshinsky shows that political outcomes depend on a complex interplay between individuals and their environment. Psychology, personality, and ideology, together with culture, institutions, and social context shape political behavior. Explaining Politics offers a wealth of comparative examples and practi

1 Political Disaffection -- The Theory of Political Alienation -- Conceptualization and Measurement of Political Discontent -- Origins and Correlates -- Explaining the Recent Trends -- Political Alienation and Political behavior -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Sociopolitical Movements -- The Study of Sociopolitical Movements -- Theories of the Social Origins of Movements -- Mobilization, Recruitment, and the Problem of Consciousness -- Movement Organizations and the Problem of Movement Transformation -- The Strategy and Tactics of Movements -- The Dynamics of Conflict and the Outcome of Challenges -- References -- 3 Public Opinion and Ideology -- The Concept of Public Opinion -- The Individual Basis of Opinions -- Ideology in Mass Preferences -- Patterns and Trends in Contemporary American Opinion -- Public Opinion and Public Policy -- References -- 4 Political Participation -- Conceptualizing Political Participation -- Political Participation as a Function of Stimuli -- Political Participation as a Function of Personal Factors -- Political Participation as a Function of Social Position -- Political Participation as a Function of Environmental Variables -- What Difference Does Political Participation Make? -- References -- 5 Mass Communication and Politics -- Origins and Background of Contemporary Research -- The Political Media of Mass Communication -- Dimensions of the Mass Communication-Politics Relationship -- Methodological Considerations -- Theoretical Approaches -- Politics and Communication, or Political Communication? -- References -- 6 The Rise and Fall of 'Political Development' -- 'Political Development': What Is It? -- 'Political Development': What Happened to It? -- 'Political Development': What Are Its Meanings? -- Conclusion -- References.

From Kosovo to Kabul, the last decade witnessed growing interest in 'electoral engineering'. Underlying the normative debates are important claims about the impact and consequences of electoral reform for political representation and voting behaviour. This study compares and evaluates two broad schools of thought

1 Small Groups in Political Science: Perspectives on Significance and Stuckness -- Four Basic Small-Group Orientations: Tracing the Literature's Major Themes -- Some Small-Group Dimensions: Toward Differentiating the Species -- Four Cases of Small Groups in Politics: Dynamics/Dimensions as Emergent/Contrived -- Overview of Significance and Stuckness: The Condition of Small-Group Analysis Today -- References -- 2 Government Learning: An Overview -- Defining Learning -- Normative Issues -- Trends -- Motivation and Cognition—Individual Bases -- Organizational Structure and Dynamics -- The Washington Political Environment -- Societal, World, and Historical Contexts -- Problem Types -- Diagnostic Repertoires -- Concluding Reflections -- References -- 3 Political Violence: A Critical Evaluation -- Frequency of Conflict -- Dimensions of Conflict -- Hypotheses About Violence -- Summary -- References -- 4 Rationality and Collective-Choice Theory -- Rationality -- Individual and Collective Choice -- Axiomatic-Choice Theory -- Economic Theories of Politics—Spatial Models -- Game Theory -- Collective Goods -- Conclusion -- References -- 5 Political Symbolism -- Sources of the Research Focus -- A Survey of Applications of Symbolic Theory -- Conclusion -- References.

"The purpose of this book is to help close gaps between the areas of political behavior we know well and those we know only slightly. To serve this purpose is to search for origins of political behavior. This makes it necessary to go deeper than is customary into basic mental processes and to range wider in time and space--back to the formative centuries of Western politics and out to parts of the world where the West has not meant the maturation of popularly responsible government so much as it has meant techniques of nonresponsible exploitation and control. The search for origins thus takes us inescapably into the depths of the mind, in the search for common, universal causes of action. My definition of human nature--the behavioral tendencies that are common to the species and rooted in the human organism-is logically incontestable. The tendencies that fit this definition are clearly disputable. In any event, I do not labor the phrase human nature, nor the shibboleth democracy. As the mind relates to pohtics, this book is an attempt to consider what can and cannot be imprinted on the tabula non rasa. To me it seems necessary to do this to understand the origins of political action in the non-Western world. Indeed it seems necessary to do this to understand with more depth why people have developed the sorts of pohtical institutions that prevail in Europe and America"--Preface. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved).