Suchergebnisse

The main issue addressed by this research is the relationship between collective memory, identity and political culture. In particular, it focuses on the importance of the activity of interpretation and reconstruction of the past which is constitutive of processes of social and political change where specific collective actors are involved. The research is based on a case study: the theoretical issues are discussed through the empirical investigation of the memory of the historical and cultural experience of the Italian Communist Party (PCI) as it is kept by those who remained party members until the moment of its transformation, between 1989 and 1991, into a new political actor, identified by a new symbol and a new name. A group of 40 former militants were selected and interviewed in the city of Bologna, capital of one of the Italian regions – Emilia Romagna – whose history has always been closely tied to the history of the PCI. The analysis of the militants' memories will thus tell us something about the transformation of what is still remembered as the most important left-wing subculture of western Europe.

La pandemia da Covid-19 ha agito da acceleratore di processi territoriali e transcalari che erano già evidenti. Tra questi, un ruolo centrale assume la questione ecologica, con tutte le sue implicazioni politiche e con la sfida che essa pone alle culture della pianificazione e della progettazione in un contesto di incertezza radicale e di crescenti disuguaglianze socio-spaziali. L'articolo propone alcune chiavi di lettura trasversali dei contributi di questa Special Issue, identificando nelle diverse declinazioni un approccio al ridisegno dei territori capace di promuovere progetti e politiche antifragili e basate su criteri di preparedness. Le tre chiavi di lettura che introducono questa riflessione collettiva su pandemia e fragilità territoriali sono dunque state: le interpretazioni dei fenomeni in corso e la riflessione sulle forme di razionalità; l'attenzione alle geografie e alle specificità dei luoghi; le prospettive progettuali e di policy. ; The Covid-19 pandemic accelerated territorial and transcalar processes already evident. Among these, the ecological question assumes a central role, with all its political implications and the challenge it poses to the cultures of planning and design in a context of radical uncertainty and growing socio-spatial inequalities. The article proposes some transversal interpretations of the contributions presented in this Special Issue, identifying in the different declinations an approach to promote anti-fragile projects and policies based on preparedness criteria. The three main interpretations that we considered in introducing a collective reflection on pandemic and territorial fragility were the reflection on the forms of rationality, attention to the dimension of space and places, and the design point of view.

La tesi analizza il contemporaneo declino elettorale del Partito Laburista israeliano in relazione agli eventi storici, ai cambiamenti sociali e demografici che hanno portato ad un effettivo cambiamento del sistema politico. In particolar modo la ricerca si sofferma sulla lettura dei risultati elettorali, cercando di sottolineare come le dinamiche sopra indicate abbiano influenzato i trend elettorali e l'offerta politica del partito stesso. Fino a giungere agli anni Novanta, passaggio fondamentale in cui cogliere le ragioni per le quali il Partito Laburista sembra tutt'ora non riuscire invertire il trend negativo degli ultimi quindici anni. ; This thesis analyzes the contemporary electoral decline of the Israeli Labor Party in relation to historical events, social and demographic changes that have led to an effective change in the Israeli political system. In particular, the research focuses on the electoral results, trying to underline how the dynamics indicated above have influenced the electoral trends and the political offer of the party itself. The Nineties represent a fundamental passage in which it is possibleto understand the reasons why the Labor Party seems unable, still today, to reverse the negative trend of the last fifteen years.

The brief, but interesting, work by Apuleius constitutes a fixed point both to delineate the biography of the famous African rhetorician, a native of Madaura, and to trace a picture with quite defined outlines on the social and cultural, economic and political aspect, in which he was paying the Roman Empire in the second century aD, especially in that rich southern Mediterranean area. In this short essay the close relationship between culture and magic is highlighted. In culturally backward populations, the educated person is often referred to as a magician, a name which, with its semantic nuances, continues today, especially in some villages of southern Italy. So magician, both in the singular and in the plural, means both the educated person and those who are able to spell or predict the future.

The brief, but interesting, work by Apuleius constitutes a fixed point both to delineate the biography of the famous African rhetorician, a native of Madaura, and to trace a picture with quite defined outlines on the social and cultural, economic and political aspect, in which he was paying the Roman Empire in the second century aD, especially in that rich southern Mediterranean area. In this short essay the close relationship between culture and magic is highlighted. In culturally backward populations, the educated person is often referred to as a magician, a name which, with its semantic nuances, continues today, especially in some villages of southern Italy. So magician, both in the singular and in the plural, means both the educated person and those who are able to spell or predict the future.

L'analisi delle dinamiche territoriali che si sviluppano attorno ad alcuni villaggi del Duecento piemontese mette in luce una cultura politica che concepisce il territorio come uno spazio fittamente intessuto di azioni, pertinenze, diritti e pretese. In questo quadro i processi di formazione e di divisione delle comunità dànno vita a nuovi confini, che tuttavia non possono essere visti come linee semplici che separino in modo totale ed esclusivo due comunità; si tratta invece di confini complessi e specifici, che delimitano singoli diritti e singole pratiche d'uso del territorio. ; The analysis of territorial dynamics around some piedmontese villages of the XIIIth century, shows a political culture conceiving the territory as a space densely interwoven of actions, competences, rights and claims. In this context, processes of community formation and division create new borderlines, that nevertheless cannot be seen as simple lines dividing two communities in a total and absolute way; they are instead complex and specific borderlines, dividing specific rights and specific territorial uses.

What kind of relationship exists between the emotional dimension and rights? This study tries to show how emotions are an element on which theoretical reflection has focused, and in particular in relation to human rights. Many scholars – in particular, this text refers to the theories of Martha Nussbaum – have begun to rethink issues related to the foundation and recognition of human rights through the social and moral reassessment of emotions. Political ethics, emotions and attention to human life become elements through which the history and culture of human rights are rethought.

This essay presents some remarks about the monographic section Institutions, relations and political cultures in the cities between the Papal States and the Kingdom of Naples (1350-1500 ca.). Through adopting a comparative approach, the three authors reflect on the spatial definition between the two border areas, also discussing the role of the pontifical towns, the emerging local political cultures, as well as the specific features of the various urban centres examined in this anthology. ; Il saggio presenta alcune considerazioni conclusive sulla sezione monografica dedicata a Istituzioni, relazioni e culture politiche nelle città tra stato della Chiesa e regno di Napoli (1350-1500 ca.). I tre autori, adottando un approccio comparativo, riflettono sulla definizione degli spazi nelle due aree confinanti, sulla condizione delle città pontificie e sulle culture politiche e le specificità dei centri urbani considerati nella raccolta.

Although anthropology has been slow to take children into account, these small subjects are at long last being located in a space that is theirs by right: at the crossroads between public and private, the political and the personal, between the State and the "maternal instinct". When considering adoption of immigrant children, aesthetics and techniques of the body cannot be ignored – the "excess of melanin" (in Frantz Fanon's words) or differences in "body odour" (as many Nigerian mothers say). But a depthless use of the notion of culture at work in public institutions involved in the protection and care of children also must be considered and the aim of this article is to analyse this latter. In my research I seek to reveal the social assumptions of a bourgeois state buried within policies on childhood with reference to technologies of citizenship and parenting imposed upon various subaltern groups (minorities and immigrants). This happens, I argue, in striking continuity with conditions found in European colonies, and with conditions observed during the origin and consolidation of modern states and postcolonial families. How do you make an adoptable child from the offspring of immigrant parents? A form of "democratic" incorporation of these children into the Italian state, and into its "good families" seems to emerge here. This is done after purposefully constructing their Otherness (in terms of national, social and cultural development) from their parents (construed as not good enough). The culture of these parents – whatever that may mean – is stereotyped through a pseudo-scientific discourse into biomedical and socio-juridical categories. This article interrogates the disciplinary field of anthropology, to understand whether it is possible to promote a new awareness of these Others (among professionals, social workers, lawyers and judges). As anthropologists, how can we use our cultural capital for the consolidation of an embedded anthropology? ; Sebbene l'antropologia si sia occupata tardivamente dei bambini, oggi questi piccoli soggetti sono finalmente collocati nello spazio che spetta loro di diritto: al crocevia tra il pubblico e il privato, il politico e il personale, tra lo Stato e l'"istinto materno". Nelle storie di adozione dei figli degli immigrati vanno prese in considerazione le estetiche e le tecniche del corpo presenti nelle famiglie – l'eccesso di melanina (per riprendere l'espressione di Fanon) o il body odor (per usare le parole delle madri nigeriane) – ma emerge anche un uso superficiale della nozione di "cultura" nelle istituzioni deputate alla tutela e alla cura dell'infanzia. L'articolo vuole sviluppare quest'ultimo profilo, analizzando quegli impensati sociali dello Stato-nazione borghese per quanto attiene alle tecnologie della cittadinanza e della genitorialità imposte ai vari subalterni (minoranze, immigrati, rifugiati, meticci), in una perturbante continuità con quanto già accaduto nelle colonie e, ancor prima, durante la nascita stessa degli Stati moderni e delle cosiddette famiglie postcoloniali. Come si costruisce un bambino adottabile quando figlio di genitori immigrati? Sembra emergere qui per intero una forma di incorporazione "democratica" di questi bambini in seno allo Stato italiano ealle sue "buone famiglie" una volta costruita ad hoc la loro alterità nazionale, sociale e culturale rispetto ai loro genitori (non sufficientemente buoni). La cultura di questi genitori – qualunque cosa voglia dire l'espressione – viene stereotipata attraverso un discorso pseudo-scientifico costruito su categorie bio-mediche e socio-giuridiche usate in malafede. L'articolo intende interrogare un campo disciplinare, l'antropologia, per comprendere se sia possibile spingere verso una nuova consapevolezza gli Altri (psicologi, educatori, assistenti sociali ecc.). Come gli antropologi possono usare il loro capitale culturale per consolidare i pilastri di un'antropologia impegnata?

ITALIANO: Il testo analizza la storia politica di Norcia nel secolo XV, nelle sue relazioni con il governo pontificio. Partendo dal quadro istituzionale, sociale, territoriale e delle lotte di fazioni interne alla città, il saggio si concentra poi sui metodi di intervento da parte dell'autorità centrale nella gestione e nel controllo politico dell'area montana umbra posta sotto il dominio e l'influenza nursina, attraverso la selezione dei gruppi eminenti cittadini e la continua negoziazione con la comunità locale, in particolare per mezzo della mediazione di quegli stessi gruppi eminenti. / ENGLISH: The essay analyses the political history of Norcia in the fifteenth century through its relations with the papal government. Starting from the institutional, social, territorial and factional framework of the city, the essay then moves on to the methods of intervention used by central authorities to exert political control over the Umbrian mountain area under the domination and influence of Norcia. As is argued, this was achieved through the selection of eminent groups of citizens and continuous negotiation with the local community through the mediation of local elites.