The end of the XX century and the beginning of the XXI century is bound with the creation of pursued social politics of European States and with the reforms striving to fight effectively with the poverty and to diminish unemployment level. The national social politics formed by States differently fulfils the prioritized aim – to assure welfare for every citizen. Some States solve these issues by the great social sphere influence, applying broad income redistribution and in this way assuring universal welfare for every citizen; others support the minimal influence positions of the State granting the minimal social securities and letting the free market function. Lithuania is not the exception – rejecting the Soviet social politics model and having the possibility to lean on the experience of old resident European Union countries, it searches for optimal "welfare model" that satisfies political, economical and social realia. This theme was chosen seeking to present the most reasonable "welfare model" for Lithuania according to the desirable objects that need to be achieved. The research object – "welfare models" existing in European Union. The work consists of 70 pages that include 11 tables, 25 images, 3 appendices and 40 literature and informational sources.
The end of the XX century and the beginning of the XXI century is bound with the creation of pursued social politics of European States and with the reforms striving to fight effectively with the poverty and to diminish unemployment level. The national social politics formed by States differently fulfils the prioritized aim – to assure welfare for every citizen. Some States solve these issues by the great social sphere influence, applying broad income redistribution and in this way assuring universal welfare for every citizen; others support the minimal influence positions of the State granting the minimal social securities and letting the free market function. Lithuania is not the exception – rejecting the Soviet social politics model and having the possibility to lean on the experience of old resident European Union countries, it searches for optimal "welfare model" that satisfies political, economical and social realia. This theme was chosen seeking to present the most reasonable "welfare model" for Lithuania according to the desirable objects that need to be achieved. The research object – "welfare models" existing in European Union. The work consists of 70 pages that include 11 tables, 25 images, 3 appendices and 40 literature and informational sources.
The end of the XX century and the beginning of the XXI century is bound with the creation of pursued social politics of European States and with the reforms striving to fight effectively with the poverty and to diminish unemployment level. The national social politics formed by States differently fulfils the prioritized aim – to assure welfare for every citizen. Some States solve these issues by the great social sphere influence, applying broad income redistribution and in this way assuring universal welfare for every citizen; others support the minimal influence positions of the State granting the minimal social securities and letting the free market function. Lithuania is not the exception – rejecting the Soviet social politics model and having the possibility to lean on the experience of old resident European Union countries, it searches for optimal "welfare model" that satisfies political, economical and social realia. This theme was chosen seeking to present the most reasonable "welfare model" for Lithuania according to the desirable objects that need to be achieved. The research object – "welfare models" existing in European Union. The work consists of 70 pages that include 11 tables, 25 images, 3 appendices and 40 literature and informational sources.
The end of the XX century and the beginning of the XXI century is bound with the creation of pursued social politics of European States and with the reforms striving to fight effectively with the poverty and to diminish unemployment level. The national social politics formed by States differently fulfils the prioritized aim – to assure welfare for every citizen. Some States solve these issues by the great social sphere influence, applying broad income redistribution and in this way assuring universal welfare for every citizen; others support the minimal influence positions of the State granting the minimal social securities and letting the free market function. Lithuania is not the exception – rejecting the Soviet social politics model and having the possibility to lean on the experience of old resident European Union countries, it searches for optimal "welfare model" that satisfies political, economical and social realia. This theme was chosen seeking to present the most reasonable "welfare model" for Lithuania according to the desirable objects that need to be achieved. The research object – "welfare models" existing in European Union. The work consists of 70 pages that include 11 tables, 25 images, 3 appendices and 40 literature and informational sources.
In this final master thesis are analyzing international business evaluation features and suggested the best method to evaluate international business. In the first part of the work are analyzed international business features, highlighting the political and currency fluctuation risks, business evaluation aspects, long established and newly developed business evaluation methods and selected the method which is best suited to evaluate international business. In the second part of the work is analyzed the feasibility of discounted cash flow method to evaluate international business and the steps of the method, highlighting the determination of cash flows, the discount rate calculation, continuous value and cash flow discounting. The focus is on discount rate calculation. In the third part of the work is done the practical business evaluation of Lithuanian company AB "Stumbras" which is working in the international alcohol sphere. In this stage is given the characterization of world, Europe and Lithuanian alcohol drinks sectors. Also there is analyzed the Lithuanian macroeconomics situation. There is performed company competitive and SWOT analyze. Also there is done company's financial analyze (vertical, horizontal and financial ratio analyze), determined the company value and factors which have the greatest impact to business value. Structure: introduction, theoretical part, discounted cash flow feasibility to evaluate the international business analyze, practical international business evaluation following AB "Stumbras" example, conclusions and suggestions, references.
In this final master thesis are analyzing international business evaluation features and suggested the best method to evaluate international business. In the first part of the work are analyzed international business features, highlighting the political and currency fluctuation risks, business evaluation aspects, long established and newly developed business evaluation methods and selected the method which is best suited to evaluate international business. In the second part of the work is analyzed the feasibility of discounted cash flow method to evaluate international business and the steps of the method, highlighting the determination of cash flows, the discount rate calculation, continuous value and cash flow discounting. The focus is on discount rate calculation. In the third part of the work is done the practical business evaluation of Lithuanian company AB "Stumbras" which is working in the international alcohol sphere. In this stage is given the characterization of world, Europe and Lithuanian alcohol drinks sectors. Also there is analyzed the Lithuanian macroeconomics situation. There is performed company competitive and SWOT analyze. Also there is done company's financial analyze (vertical, horizontal and financial ratio analyze), determined the company value and factors which have the greatest impact to business value. Structure: introduction, theoretical part, discounted cash flow feasibility to evaluate the international business analyze, practical international business evaluation following AB "Stumbras" example, conclusions and suggestions, references.
The aim of this thesis is to analyze how technological, economic, political and social factors can be integrated into Business Model for Geo-location database as a controlling entity for operation of Cognitive Radio devices in the TV White Space spectrum range. Tasks of thesis: to perform an analysis of scientific literature in the context of TVWS and to identify technologies of TVWS management, to find factors influencing Geo-location Database Business Model, to put forward Geo-location Database scenarios, to construct classification of Business Model for the Geo-location Database, to provide experimental study of feasibility to deploy distinct classification of Business Model for the distinct scenarios of Geo-location Database. Qualitative methods chosen for the research: exploratory literature analysis, consultations with experts/specialists and conceptual modelling based on scenarios. The exploratory part of the thesis describes existing spectrum shortage problem and presents potential technologies that can solve this problem. The theoretical part of this work introduces research methodology and the concept and principles of Business Model for technology innovation. Analytical part of the thesis seeks to identify potential Business Model configurations for the operations of Geo-location database in the TV White Space spectrum range. This part ends with presenting experimental study of the feasibility of Geo-location Business Model. The final part of the thesis concludes with the main results that propose optimal Business Model configuration for the Geo-location Database that can be used for further research.
The aim of this thesis is to analyze how technological, economic, political and social factors can be integrated into Business Model for Geo-location database as a controlling entity for operation of Cognitive Radio devices in the TV White Space spectrum range. Tasks of thesis: to perform an analysis of scientific literature in the context of TVWS and to identify technologies of TVWS management, to find factors influencing Geo-location Database Business Model, to put forward Geo-location Database scenarios, to construct classification of Business Model for the Geo-location Database, to provide experimental study of feasibility to deploy distinct classification of Business Model for the distinct scenarios of Geo-location Database. Qualitative methods chosen for the research: exploratory literature analysis, consultations with experts/specialists and conceptual modelling based on scenarios. The exploratory part of the thesis describes existing spectrum shortage problem and presents potential technologies that can solve this problem. The theoretical part of this work introduces research methodology and the concept and principles of Business Model for technology innovation. Analytical part of the thesis seeks to identify potential Business Model configurations for the operations of Geo-location database in the TV White Space spectrum range. This part ends with presenting experimental study of the feasibility of Geo-location Business Model. The final part of the thesis concludes with the main results that propose optimal Business Model configuration for the Geo-location Database that can be used for further research.
The aim of this thesis is to analyze how technological, economic, political and social factors can be integrated into Business Model for Geo-location database as a controlling entity for operation of Cognitive Radio devices in the TV White Space spectrum range. Tasks of thesis: to perform an analysis of scientific literature in the context of TVWS and to identify technologies of TVWS management, to find factors influencing Geo-location Database Business Model, to put forward Geo-location Database scenarios, to construct classification of Business Model for the Geo-location Database, to provide experimental study of feasibility to deploy distinct classification of Business Model for the distinct scenarios of Geo-location Database. Qualitative methods chosen for the research: exploratory literature analysis, consultations with experts/specialists and conceptual modelling based on scenarios. The exploratory part of the thesis describes existing spectrum shortage problem and presents potential technologies that can solve this problem. The theoretical part of this work introduces research methodology and the concept and principles of Business Model for technology innovation. Analytical part of the thesis seeks to identify potential Business Model configurations for the operations of Geo-location database in the TV White Space spectrum range. This part ends with presenting experimental study of the feasibility of Geo-location Business Model. The final part of the thesis concludes with the main results that propose optimal Business Model configuration for the Geo-location Database that can be used for further research.
This Master's Thesis examines the dynamics of Baltic states' cooperation in implementing the political phase of electricity network synchronization with continental European networks (CEN). The main aim of this study was to identify the factors that led to the emergence of a unified position and made the political agreement in Brussels possible. To achieve this goal the following tasks were formulated: 1. Introduce the theoretical approaches of liberalism and neorealism, and the hypotheses that arise from them; 2. Review the context of synchronization process; 3. Identify how the positions of the three Baltic States have changed regarding synchronization process: including lengthy negotiations without finding a consensus and the achievement of an agreement. The first part of this Thesis discusses two theoretical approaches that are explaining regional cooperation – liberalism and neorealism. They are used to form two main hypotheses (H1 and H2), which are tested in the second part. H1 argues that the European Commission has become one of the most important actors in helping the Baltic states to reach an agreement, and thus solving collective action problems. H2 states that intensified cooperation between the Baltic states was driven by the threat of Russia. The second part of this work tests these hypotheses by conducting a case study using the process tracing method. The analysis covers the period from 2013 to 2018. Having examined both hypotheses, it was discovered that the EC had the greatest influence regarding the Baltic states' cooperation. Supranational institution has taken a leader's role and moderated the negotiation processes, initiated feasibility studies, and overseen the parties' compliance. The study also discovered that Lithuania had taken a leading role as well. First of all, Lithuania has made great efforts to improve bilateral relations with Poland, which resulted in involving Poland in the synchronization process. Furthermore, Lithuania's efforts have partly resulted in the EC taking the lead in this project. However, the second hypothesis in the work is only partially confirmed, as the study found that the strengthening and expansion of electricity networks in Russia and Belarus was not a primary factor in promoting more active cooperation between the Baltic states, but had some influence on Lithuania, Poland and later on the European Commission.
This Master's Thesis examines the dynamics of Baltic states' cooperation in implementing the political phase of electricity network synchronization with continental European networks (CEN). The main aim of this study was to identify the factors that led to the emergence of a unified position and made the political agreement in Brussels possible. To achieve this goal the following tasks were formulated: 1. Introduce the theoretical approaches of liberalism and neorealism, and the hypotheses that arise from them; 2. Review the context of synchronization process; 3. Identify how the positions of the three Baltic States have changed regarding synchronization process: including lengthy negotiations without finding a consensus and the achievement of an agreement. The first part of this Thesis discusses two theoretical approaches that are explaining regional cooperation – liberalism and neorealism. They are used to form two main hypotheses (H1 and H2), which are tested in the second part. H1 argues that the European Commission has become one of the most important actors in helping the Baltic states to reach an agreement, and thus solving collective action problems. H2 states that intensified cooperation between the Baltic states was driven by the threat of Russia. The second part of this work tests these hypotheses by conducting a case study using the process tracing method. The analysis covers the period from 2013 to 2018. Having examined both hypotheses, it was discovered that the EC had the greatest influence regarding the Baltic states' cooperation. Supranational institution has taken a leader's role and moderated the negotiation processes, initiated feasibility studies, and overseen the parties' compliance. The study also discovered that Lithuania had taken a leading role as well. First of all, Lithuania has made great efforts to improve bilateral relations with Poland, which resulted in involving Poland in the synchronization process. Furthermore, Lithuania's efforts have partly resulted in the EC taking the lead in this project. However, the second hypothesis in the work is only partially confirmed, as the study found that the strengthening and expansion of electricity networks in Russia and Belarus was not a primary factor in promoting more active cooperation between the Baltic states, but had some influence on Lithuania, Poland and later on the European Commission.
This Master's Thesis examines the dynamics of Baltic states' cooperation in implementing the political phase of electricity network synchronization with continental European networks (CEN). The main aim of this study was to identify the factors that led to the emergence of a unified position and made the political agreement in Brussels possible. To achieve this goal the following tasks were formulated: 1. Introduce the theoretical approaches of liberalism and neorealism, and the hypotheses that arise from them; 2. Review the context of synchronization process; 3. Identify how the positions of the three Baltic States have changed regarding synchronization process: including lengthy negotiations without finding a consensus and the achievement of an agreement. The first part of this Thesis discusses two theoretical approaches that are explaining regional cooperation – liberalism and neorealism. They are used to form two main hypotheses (H1 and H2), which are tested in the second part. H1 argues that the European Commission has become one of the most important actors in helping the Baltic states to reach an agreement, and thus solving collective action problems. H2 states that intensified cooperation between the Baltic states was driven by the threat of Russia. The second part of this work tests these hypotheses by conducting a case study using the process tracing method. The analysis covers the period from 2013 to 2018. Having examined both hypotheses, it was discovered that the EC had the greatest influence regarding the Baltic states' cooperation. Supranational institution has taken a leader's role and moderated the negotiation processes, initiated feasibility studies, and overseen the parties' compliance. The study also discovered that Lithuania had taken a leading role as well. First of all, Lithuania has made great efforts to improve bilateral relations with Poland, which resulted in involving Poland in the synchronization process. Furthermore, Lithuania's efforts have partly resulted in the EC taking the lead in this project. However, the second hypothesis in the work is only partially confirmed, as the study found that the strengthening and expansion of electricity networks in Russia and Belarus was not a primary factor in promoting more active cooperation between the Baltic states, but had some influence on Lithuania, Poland and later on the European Commission.
This Master's Thesis examines the dynamics of Baltic states' cooperation in implementing the political phase of electricity network synchronization with continental European networks (CEN). The main aim of this study was to identify the factors that led to the emergence of a unified position and made the political agreement in Brussels possible. To achieve this goal the following tasks were formulated: 1. Introduce the theoretical approaches of liberalism and neorealism, and the hypotheses that arise from them; 2. Review the context of synchronization process; 3. Identify how the positions of the three Baltic States have changed regarding synchronization process: including lengthy negotiations without finding a consensus and the achievement of an agreement. The first part of this Thesis discusses two theoretical approaches that are explaining regional cooperation – liberalism and neorealism. They are used to form two main hypotheses (H1 and H2), which are tested in the second part. H1 argues that the European Commission has become one of the most important actors in helping the Baltic states to reach an agreement, and thus solving collective action problems. H2 states that intensified cooperation between the Baltic states was driven by the threat of Russia. The second part of this work tests these hypotheses by conducting a case study using the process tracing method. The analysis covers the period from 2013 to 2018. Having examined both hypotheses, it was discovered that the EC had the greatest influence regarding the Baltic states' cooperation. Supranational institution has taken a leader's role and moderated the negotiation processes, initiated feasibility studies, and overseen the parties' compliance. The study also discovered that Lithuania had taken a leading role as well. First of all, Lithuania has made great efforts to improve bilateral relations with Poland, which resulted in involving Poland in the synchronization process. Furthermore, Lithuania's efforts have partly resulted in the EC taking the lead in this project. However, the second hypothesis in the work is only partially confirmed, as the study found that the strengthening and expansion of electricity networks in Russia and Belarus was not a primary factor in promoting more active cooperation between the Baltic states, but had some influence on Lithuania, Poland and later on the European Commission.
One of the most important changes in the development of population in European Union (EU) is demographic ageing - due to remarkable reductions in fertility levels and increasing life expectancy, the proportion of persons aged 60 and over is increasing very rapidly. The actual size of the elderly population in several EU countries already exceeds the projected estimations for 2010. These demographic challenges confirmed the importance of social affairs for its policy agenda. In combination with technological, structural and political change, Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the prospects for further enlargement of the Union to the East, socio-demographic trends had intensified pressures on welfare systems, raising questions about the feasibility and desirability of achieving a common social policy and about the future shape of the "European social model". The emphasis placed on workers' rights in the Community's and Union's treaties and charter signalled that European social policy was only indirectly concerned with categories of the population who did not gain entitlements to social protection as active members of labour force. The Treaty establishing the European Economic Community, later the Single European Act and the Treaty on European Union made no reference to older people. A statement on European policy for this potentially disadvantaged category of former or would be workers was, however, introduced into the Community Charter of the Fundamental Social Rights of Workers and a new article on non-discrimination in the Treaty of Amsterdam identified age among the areas where discrimination was to be eliminated. ; Spartus ES valstybių demografinis senėjimas XX–XXI amžių sandūroje bei šio proceso prognozės kelia didelį susirūpinimą socialinės politikos kūrėjams: kaip užtikrinti lygias galimybes visoms kartoms ir integruoti pagyvenusius žmones į visuomenę. Siekiant spręsti šias problemas, nauji uždaviniai kyla socialinių paslaugų, pensijų, darbo rinkos politikos ir kitoms sritims. Straipsnio tikslas – įvertinti visuomenės demografinio senėjimo padarinius ir aptarti socialinės politikos pagyvenusiems formavimąsi ES valstybėse. Šiuo tikslu aptariami gyventojų amžiaus struktūros pokyčiai ir demografinio senėjimo veiksniai ES valstybėse, analizuojama socialinės politikos pagyvenusiesiems raida nuo Europos Bendrijos sukūrimo iki paskutiniosios Europos Sąjungos plėtros į Vidurio ir Rytų Europą bei išryškinamas jos vaidmuo integraciniuose procesuose.
Strategic planning as the basis for budget planning, which is universally regarded as a good indicator of stability and reliability of the state's economy and as an instrument that helps the state's budget to adapt to the challenges of modern increasingly unpredictable environment, is analysed in the Master's thesis. The author of the thesis reveals the usefulness and significance of applying strategic planning in the state management by analysing scientific works of different authors, publications of international organizations, practice of the countries of the world and legal acts. The author assesses what economic and political events have determined the integration of the strategic planning system into the budgeting process in Lithuania. The synergistic effect of the interoperability of strategic planning and budgeting systems is revealed. The author also reveals how the interoperability of strategic planning and budgeting systems is supervised and how the results achieved by their performance as integrated systems are evaluated. However, despite the fact that interoperating strategic planning and budgeting systems create the result-oriented budget, the competent authorities identify the problem areas of these systems and provide recommendations on the possibilities to improve the interoperability of the systems. The results of the study prove that strategic planning and budget planning are strategically important tools in the state management. They ensure the targeted and efficient allocation of the state's financial resources in all its areas when implementing public functions. Appropriation managers measure the monitoring and evaluation of the performance result-oriented budget by the performance evaluation criteria and provide the information on their feasibility in the annual activity reports of institutions. The analysis of the legal acts that was done proved that Lithuania has invested much into the modernization of the result-oriented state's budgeting within the last two decades. The strategic planning process was integrated into the budgeting process in the year 2001; restructuring of the state's strategic planning and budgeting systems has been carried out since the year 2017. It aims at reviewing and streamlining the state's strategic planning and budgeting systems, at optimizing the number of strategic planning documents, at clarifying and securing the links between the planning documents, the goals set by them and their evaluation indicators. At the same time, a significantly closer link between the strategic planning system and the budgeting system, which will be focused on the medium-term (3-4 years) period rather than one-year period, is being pursued. The analysis of the experience of the countries of the world, which is presented in the Master's thesis, reveals that there is no single strategic planning and budgeting model that would suit for every state in the world.
