Suchergebnisse

The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between political connections and overinvestment in Indonesia as a democratic, multi-party and developing country. This study uses sample of 1,044 and 543 firm-year observations from listed firms on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2017. A two-stage model is used to address overinvestment, which used two different measurements, then continued by ordinary least square regression to establish the main analysis result. This study finds that political connection is negatively associated with overinvestment in Indonesia. We also find that this negative association is increasing due to the existence of governance mechanism from both external and internal parties of the firm. Our results indicate that the significant negative associations between political connections with overinvestment, which later is strengthen by governance mechanism might be caused by several differences in institutional setting and/or political connections benefits between the previous research in China and with the place where this research is taken. This paper could give insights in decision-making for stakeholders to anticipate certain harmful issues to the companies that might be occurred by their politically connected top management like directors and commissioners.

Currently there are no indicators that can measure the effectiveness of the role of ASEAN in Southeast Asia, especially those related to human security issues in the safety of labor and migrants' mobilization. However, ASEAN still working through any possibilities of cooperation to prevent any threats that would endanger the personal securities of ASEAN community. This paper will further analyze the human security issues in Southeast Asia starting with conceptualizing, identifying, and engaging to find how is the effectivity of ASEAN in charge of prevent human security issues from sociology of law perspective with normative-juridical methodology combined with perspective of international relation approach. Based on the findings in conceptual and data, this research will show the problems that have been handled and have not been done by ASEAN institutionally. In addition to showing the relevance of the establishment of ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC) 2015 as an affirmation for all ASEAN member countries to respond to institutional human security issues especially in the mobilization of labor and migrants.

Abstract: The issues related to political dowry are interminable. This interminability is the result of an indication of political dowry every time a general election or local election is held. Based on that background, this article describes the political dowry's detailed problems. In the beginning, the writer describes the definition of political dowry and its differences from political cost, the reasons for the restrictions, and the law enforcement on political dowry. It ended with some efforts to prevent political dowry.It is found that the definition of political dowry is different from political cost. The regulations restrict the practice of political dowry, but not for the political cost. The political dowry is restricted by law because it is against the national law's interest, which is the interest to have qualified and fair general elections and local elections. Heretofore, there is no legal punishment for the practice of political dowry due to the difficulty to prove the practice. There are some efforts to prevent the practice of political dowry: First, giving intensive supervision from The General Election Supervisory Agency (Bawaslu) and its subdivisions; Second, revising the regulations in the Law of the Local elections for nominating the candidates; Third, revising the regulations in the law of political parties for nominating the candidates of the president and local government; Fourth, assigning the time limitation for the political parties to accept the political cost; and Fifth, enhancing the legal awareness of all parties involving in the practice of general elections or local elections.

This research analyzes international refugees' presence in Indonesia, which gives local challenges for the Indonesian subnational Government as a transit location. This research uses a paradiplomacy perspective to analyze the West Jakarta Government's response to the foreign refugees in its territory. West Jakarta is one of the Administrative Cities in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta. This research uses a qualitative research method. The research data sources were collected and analyzed from literature studies, current news, and socio-political theories. This research found that West Jakarta Government's paradiplomacy occurs due to differences in regulations applies. Moreover, this process can be parallel alongside the Central Government (Indonesian Government) in handling refugees in their territory following a local-regional wisdom approach. The West Jakarta Government's paradiplomacy carried out by coordinating the distribution of aid to refugees, working with stakeholders in handling international and national refugee issues, and managing refugee handling policies in transit locations where refugees live, especially in Kalideres, West Jakarta, Indonesia. These handling efforts aim to prevent horizontal conflicts between refugees and local people and achieve subnational interests in the form of support materially, financially, and politically. ; Penelitian ini menganalisis keberadaan pengungsi internasional di Indonesia yang memberikan tantangan lokal bagi Pemerintah subnasional Indonesia sebagai lokasi transit. Penelitian ini menggunakan perspektif paradiplomasi untuk menganalisis respon Pemerintah Jakarta Barat terhadap pengungsi asing di wilayahnya. Jakarta Barat merupakan salah satu Kota Administratif di Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data penelitian dikumpulkan dan dianalisis dari studi literatur, berita terkini, dan teori-teori sosial politik. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa paradiplomasi Pemerintah Jakarta Barat terjadi karena adanya perbedaan regulasi yang berlaku. Apalagi, proses ini bisa paralel dengan Pemerintah Pusat (Pemerintah Indonesia) dalam menangani pengungsi di wilayahnya dengan pendekatan kearifan lokal-regional. Paradiplomasi Pemerintah Jakarta Barat dilakukan dengan mengkoordinasikan penyaluran bantuan kepada pengungsi, bekerja sama dengan pemangku kepentingan (stakeholders) dalam penanganan permasalahan pengungsi internasional dan nasional, serta mengelola kebijakan penanganan pengungsi di lokasi transit tempat tinggal pengungsi, khususnya di Kalideres, Jakarta Barat. Upaya penanganan ini bertujuan untuk mencegah konflik horizontal antara pengungsi dan masyarakat lokal serta mencapai kepentingan subnasional dalam bentuk dukungan material, finansial, dan politik.

Interfaith dialogue has not gained a strategic place in the context of the study of international relations yet, even though its existence has practically provided new dynamics in the constellation of contemporary international relations. Not only that, interfaith dialogue also has sufficient theoretical urgency as a academics study that needs to be continuously developed. The debate between realism and idealism continues to develop in contemporary international relations studies. This development is influenced by the expansion of the meaning of actors who not only talk about state actors but also non-state actors, the expansion of the issues was originally focused on hard political issues but also focus to the discussion on low political issues, as well as how the interaction between actors with the religious discussion of these issues has created varied patterns of relations between actors in the study of international relations. This study attempts to place the phenomenon of interfaith dialogue theoretically in the study of international relations through a rational perspective, by seeking a middle ground between the realism and idealism debates. The English School approach, foreign policy, and diplomacy will try to be presented so that the theoretical position of inter-religious dialogue will become clear as a phenomenon that continues to develop in the study of international relations. The importance of this research is to provide the possibility of a wider variety of studies in the context of international relations, so that the existence of international relations as a scientific discipline can be optimized for its contribution to analyzing social phenomena across national borders that occur and growing.

ASEAN as a regional organization is currently in an effort to develop cooperation in the form of the ASEAN Community. The formation of the ASEAN Community is based on three pillars, where one of the pillars is the political-security pillar (ASEAN Political-Security Community / APSC) who faces the most dynamic challenges related to security issues in the Southeast Asia. This security issue certainly has an influence on interactions both among intra-regional states and with extra-regional states. This paper aims to analysis the challenges and opportunities faced by the ASEAN political-security community to strengthen cooperation in dealing with security issues in the Southeast Asian. This paper is based on a constructivism analysis of the formation of a security community. This paper will get an overview of the challenges and opportunities faced in the realization of cooperation to tackle security issues in the Southeast Asia region within the framework of the APSC. The description of these challenges and opportunities can be the basis for analyzing what strategies must be done to encourage the realization of the APSC in accordance with what is expected by the members states.

Opportunities and challenges in today's era of globalization also affect the relationship between Indonesia and Malaysia. As the two allied countries which have a sea and land borders, there are many issues that arise as a result of interaction between citizens of both countries and the issue of political and teritorial issues which sometimes led to tensions between the two countries. In spite of it all there is another problem that is actually more substansial and that is people welfare. Commonly the border region can be regarded as disadvantaged areas, and most of its inhabitants live in poverty. This indicated the failure of both governments take advantage of the potential of natural resources and human resources as well as the geographical conditions that actually have great potential to inprove the well-being of border residents. However, with a good cooperation and mutual benefit in the future pattern of the pattern of bilateral cooperation has a great opportunity in order to improve the welfare of society. ; Opportunities and challenges in today's era of globalization also affect the relationship between Indonesia and Malaysia. As the two allied countries which have a sea and land borders, there are many issues that arise as a result of interaction between citizens of both countries and the issue of political and teritorial issues which sometimes led to tensions between the two countries. In spite of it all there is another problem that is actually more substansial and that is people welfare. Commonly the border region can be regarded as disadvantaged areas, and most of its inhabitants live in poverty. This indicated the failure of both governments take advantage of the potential of natural resources and human resources as well as the geographical conditions that actually have great potential to inprove the well-being of border residents. However, with a good cooperation and mutual benefit in the future pattern of the pattern of bilateral cooperation has a great opportunity in order to improve the welfare of society.

This study considers the political aspects of the Joko Widodo government's megaproject to build an integrated marine logistic system known as the tol laut. Expanding the existing literature which gives details about the contextual obstacles faced by and the prospects for the Indonesian government to pursue its infrastructure ambitions, the study argues that notwithstanding the relevance of the tol laut for advancing the Indonesian economy, it is inevitably entangled with dynamic internal and external environments which can unfavourably distort the construction processes. This is the way of understanding the political economy of Indonesia's development issues which allows for the juxtaposition of domestic political and international relations factors as its framework of analysis. The discussion is divided into four sections. Section one explains the conceptual and methodological foundation of the study. Section two outlines the importance of the tol laut to Indonesian national economic development. Section three looks at how the current domestic political settings pose structural hurdles to Widodo's tol laut, and section four observes the effect of international relations of powerful regional actors and Jakarta's diplomatic capacity to the on-going tol laut. The concluding section summarizes the findings of the study.

This article is intended to examine the movement of political parties towards the castration of village democracy. Based on two studies conducted before and after the birth of Law Number 6 of 2014 concerning Villages. Marking the economy and the domination of the village elite are clearly illustrated in winning Pilkades. The dominance of clients who are concerned with the services of their parents or siblings who have been approved as village heads. Issues that will be the subject of discussion concern the role of party wings in the process of castration of village democracy. The selection of political parties is not seen in the castration of village democracy. It turns out that the people who control the candidates are those who are involved in political wing organizations. Political organizations have no restrictions as long as they do not prioritize political parties. This situation basically depicts my organization as indirect politics which has castrated village democracy. The organizational movement of the political wing in the village is a problem that is determined by the political parties which include its regulation. The election of village heads in the political process related to the political interests of the people, local politics regulates more influences on the daily life of national politics. The political wing organizations have unwittingly castrated democracy at the village level. Ideally, the village as a laboratory for national democracy should serve as a model and limit the excessive role of politics in achieving democracy nationally. ; Artikel bertujuan mengkaji gerakan sayap partai politik terhadap pengkebirian demokrasi desa. Berpangkal pada dua penelitian sebelum dan sesudah lahirnya Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Ekonomi dan dominasi elite desa tergambar jelas dalam memenangkan Pilkades. Permasalahan dan pembahasan berkenaan dengan peran sayap partai politik dalam proses pengkebirian demokrasi desa. Keterlibatan partai politik tidak terlihat dalam pengkebirian demokrasi ...

Trans Pacific Partnership (TPP) is a trade agreement that originated Dati Trans Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership (TPSEP) which is a high standard agreement as it seeks to eliminate tax costs for trade in goods, services and agriculture, as well as to build and extend regulations about intellectual property rights issues, foreign investment, and other trade related issues. For the U.S. during the administration of President Barack Obama, TPP is projected as a manifestation of the "Pivot to Asia" policy that can form the foundation for shaping the economic and political architecture of the Asia Pacific region, but in its development, TPP gets many obstacles, Dati the domestic environment of the U.S. and Dati the international environment. That obstacles impacted the U.S. membership status in the TPP during the administration of President Donald Trump. President Donald Trump took a policy opposite to Barrack Obama by withdraws the U.S. membership Dati TPP on 23 January 2017, which marked by the Presidential Memorandum. This paper will analyze the factors that became the background of the U.S. withdrawal Dati the membership of TPP in the era of President Donald Trump. Based on the theory of foreign policy decision making Dati Richard C. Snyder, the authors found three factors that become the background of the policy: the conditions of the U.S. domestic politics, the condition of the U.S. economy and the international context.

Indonesia as a developing country started from 2003 to develop their own e-Government to support their governance. Seven years after, there are indications that e-government has not been properly implemented. Indonesian e-Government has faced many problems, including a lack of financing, poor technical skill, lack of human resources and infrastructure, and the political will of the government elite itself. These barriers are the real perceived characteristics of the social, technological, legal and institutional context that hinder e-Government development either through hampering demand by citizens, and business of e-Government services or through obstructing supply of e-Government services by the public sector. This paper will only focus to the issues that become the inhibitor factors of the implementation of e-government in Indonesia, and gives solution rely on the adoption and diffusion approach.

Problem of Food emerged as a Non-Traditional Secuirty (NTS) issue in the aftermath of the Cold War and was identified as one of the seven pillars of human security by the 1994 UNDP Report 'New Dimensions' in Security. Food security as 'the means for all people at all times to have both physical and economic access to basic food' and that food security is an entitlement. When the shortages food supply in a country, it will be an increasing the conflict civil society, so the stability of the state security being disrupted. The availability of adequate food supplies could become the core of social contact in all the country's political system.The food crisis in Venezuela resulted in civil conflict be increased. Venezuela is the world's oil producing countries but due to falling world oil prices, then became distracted State reception system. The political system came along with the economic crisis makes Venezuela in the worst condition.This economic crisis makes Venezuela experienced a food crisis, so many societies suffered famine and looting food even do violence to gain access the food. Finally, the conflict civil society occur due to the food crisis and the stability of the State security becomes disrupted. In this paper using descriptive analysis method that describes the relationship of food security in Venezuela that can be disrupt the stability of State security. In this paper, using the perspective of Food Securitization.This isbased on a change in the subject of security not only on military issues but the extension of the concept security including the threat of food security within a country. Food can be utilized as a political weapon by states and can be characterized as a form and symbol of political power.

The implementation of simultaneous local elections has been carried out since the 2015 elections. The purpose of the simultaneous local elections is to encourage the formation of strong government. This is based on the assumption that voters will elect their representatives in the executive and legislative branches at once. It is expected that this election design will encourage consolidation between the two representative rooms. Strong consolidation will encourage effective governance and policy making processes. This paper would like to provide an evaluation framework for the simultaneous election implementation from the electoral integrity dimension. It is important to consider the aspect of electoral integrity since the regulated procedures need to be connected with substantial justice in the election. The absence of the consideration of this aspect will lead to the problems of political dynasty, money politics, and violence threat in the implementation of election. This paper attempts to create a framework for evaluating simultaneous regional elections by using the concept of electoral integrity. Elaboration is made on the conception of electoral integrity with adjustments to local political problems in Indonesia. The data in this paper are sourced from journals, reports, and analysis related to the evaluation of simultaneous local elections. This paper shows that there are two important elements which need to be included from the global indicator in relation with electoral integrity, namely: the community participation and money politics, in order to review and evaluate the local election. The contribution of this paper is enriching studies related to the evaluation of elections at the local level, where the dominance of studies in local elections is on issues such as money politics, political dynasties, to the neutrality of ASN. Many of these local political problems have not been framed in a single election evaluation frame. This paper attempts to frame the dynamics of local politics with an evaluative framework adapted from the concept of elections with integrity contextualized to the dynamics of local elections.

Interaction in the international system creates cooperation between countries and can also create conflicts when interests between countries clash. There are two approaches used in resolving conflict; associative where countries seek to cooperate with each other; and disassociative involving military force and political separation (Barash & Webel, 2009: 288). One of Indonesia's associative efforts in maintaining its diplomatic relations with Australia is by using ASEAN to form the AANZFTA (ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area). Apart from geographical proximity, the socio-economic development opportunities for all parties, this cooperation is also a geopolitical strategy for Australian security and provides political legitimacy for ASEAN in the international world. Using a case study method that focuses on the dynamics of the relationship between ASEAN, Australia, and New Zealand, mainly through the AANZFTA, this paper will explain ASEAN, Australia, and New Zealand's reasons and interests as well as strengths and weaknesses in them. Through discussion and analysis results, it can be concluded that international cooperation was formed to build negative peace after the World War. Then over time, non-traditional issues increasingly encourage international cooperation to develop positive peace with moral values and peaceful dispute resolution without violence. Although the impact is the domination of big countries and sacrificing small and developing countries' sovereignty, each country will always prioritize its own interests. This study's results can provide an overview of the diplomatic relations between Indonesia and Australia multilaterally through AANZFTA. At the same time, the bilateral relationship between the two can be reviewed in further research

This article aims to analyze the function of Bapemperda in increasing the effectiveness of the formation of Regional Regulations in the Bone Bolango Regency. The Regional Regulations Formation Agency (Bapemperda) of the Bone Bolango DPRD is one of the council's equipments for forming regional regulations. The type of research used in this article is empirical normative, which combines a normative legal approach with the addition of various elements of empirical studies. The results show that the implications of political intervention sometimes affect the issues and local regulations issued and do not represent the community's interests but are dominated by political interests. Ideally, local regulations must be responsive and meet usual policy standards that at the implementation level can be used and can answer problems that develop in the community. Human resources have an essential role in an organization, such as the rapid development of information technology, globalization, and changes in the world of positions and work, and are tied to the existing system. Members of Bapemperda and local governments play a role in forming regional regulations and other policy designs. To increase the effectiveness of the formation of Regional Regulations, it is necessary to have a relationship between human resources and the objectives that apply to Bapemperda itself. The researcher then offers a prototype product called CIS-Approach, a development concept from the results of the research and data analysis of the previous authors, which is expected to be a consideration for the government in formulating regional regulatory policies. CIS-Approach indicators are: 1) human resources with the system; 2) human resources with the issue; 3) human resources with regulations.