Suchergebnisse

Es wird die Herausbildung politischer Parteien in Südkamerun seit 1916, als der Völkerbund Kamerun in zwei Mandate aufteilte, beschrieben. Erste politische Aktivitäten gingen mit Wiedervereinigungsbestrebungen einher. Die koloniale Politik hat zur Herausbildung von Opposition beigetragen. Die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung, die beginnende Marktwirtschaft und die daraus folgende Entstehung von Gewerkschaften führte zu Arbeitskämpfen, die entscheidend waren für die Gewinnung politischen Bewußtseins und das Einüben politischen Handelns. Eine neue soziale Ordnung entstand mit dem Wachstum der Städte, wo Gruppen unterschiedlicher Herkunft miteinander in Kontakt traten. Soziale Zusammenschlüsse waren Foren für politische Diskussionen. Entscheidend für die Aktionsfähigkeit war die Bildungspolitik, politische Parteien gaben der Bevölkerung die Möglichkeit zur Partizipation. Der Nationalismus ging weit über die Unzufriedenheit einzelner Politiker hinaus. Die aus der Frage der Wiedervereinigung resultierenden Probleme wirken bis in die heutige Zeit. (DÜI-Wgm)

Résumé Les identités partisanes prennent souvent en compte les questions du nationalisme des sentiments nationaux. C'est pourquoi nous avons décidé de nous concentrer sur ceux-ci et d'en extraire les approches fondamentales et leurs regards spécifiques sur les enjeux nationaux. L'examen des manifestes des partis politiques et des programmes électoraux dans la région de Visegrad – la République tchèque, la Pologne, la Slovaquie et la Hongrie – a permis d'identifier oui différentes approches de la nation et de la société dans cette région. Cinq de ces approches sont présentes dans la plupart des partis politiques de la région, alors que trois sont plus spécifiques. Nous avons étudié à la fois les principaux partis politiques, ainsi que les partis nationalistes et d'extrême droite sans représentation parlementaire les plus significatifs, pour la période allant de 2005 à 2010, afin d'en tirer une image actualisée de l'identité nationale des partis. Cette période limitée est importante en raison de son contexte politique, car tous ces pays étaient déjà membres de l'Union européenne.

The Post-communist party systems are often presented as extremely fragmentised and the political parties which emerged after the break down of communism are characterised by their blurred link with the civil society, by weak membership structures and a strong tendency to wards the colonization of the state. The mainstream literature considers, in the case of the new democracies, the existence of a strong tendency towards the emergence of a centralisation of power at the level of party leadership which describes both the party creation and party development phases. Nevertheless, at the level of the empirical studies little attention has been paid to the analysis of party organizations and their internal articulation of power. In this context, the study aims at providing a general image of the party organisational features during the party institutionalisation process in a particular case: the post-communist Romania. The paper explores the main characteristics of the party on the ground, party in central office and party in public office components of the main Romanian political parties and the relationship established between them. The conclusions of the study emphasize the sui generis features of the Romanian political party development process which favours an unexpected reinforcement of the local party organisations and the emergence of linkage mechanisms between different party layers.

5. Nagazumi Akira (Université de Tokyo) étudie en détail les aspects sociaux et politiques d'une des premières grèves dans les Indes néerlandaises, celle des employés des monts-de piété en 1922.

This bibliographical essay represents an effort to analyse how North American scholars are studying Latin American political parties. The author undertakes an in-depth review of the literature and assesses the different approaches used by North American political scientists in the study of parties, concluding with an extensive bibliography on the subject. ; This bibliographical essay represents an effort to analyse how North American scholars are studying Latin American political parties. The author undertakes an in-depth review of the literature and assesses the different approaches used by North American political scientists in the study of parties, concluding with an extensive bibliography on the subject.

At the very moment of the fall of Romanian communism, pluripartism was viewed as an irrefutable sign of democracy. However, political pluralism was not a value to be simply inserted in a sphere of political representations forged during communism, nor parties political objects to be easily conceived and build in a political life deserted by the Communist Party. The article explores and synthesizes the ways those two fundamental references of a democracy -i.e. political pluralism and political parties- were conceptualized by the Romanian postcommunist politicians: what is a political party? what parties are supposed to do in the emerging political regime and what kind of societal pluralism are they supposed to mirror? Those are questions whose answers and the way they were answered lies in the heart of Romanian democratization and regime building in the 1990 and 2000.

This article explores the development of my PhD dissertation's methodological approach, based on Social Network Analysis (SNA), or the collection and analysis of network data, in order to deal with political parties and their members (party mem- bership). I extensively relied on this alternative, growing methodological background in three extents. First (1), SNA was used to analyze bibliographic references related to my dissertation topic, i.e. party membership studies, and identify the most central authors, thereby illustrating the literature review while describing their key contributions. Second (2), SNA was employed to collect and analyze network data likely to better grasp how interpersonal networks affect the probability for a random citizen to turn into party member, assuming that social influence matters in the process of joining a political party. Third (3), I further capitalized on SNA to deal with the question of party activism and why some members become active whereas others remain passive, arguing theoretically and showing empirically that part of the answer lies in members' position within their local party branch's social network. Each of these three applications is discussed in the light of the main methodological developments, the empirical findings and their inter- pretation, while shortcomings and research opportunities are more systematically highlighted at the end. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Cet article aborde l'évolution du rôle des partis politiques européens au travers du processus des candidats têtes de liste pour la présidence de la Commission européenne (processus Spitzenkandidat), dans le but d'indiquer que la politique peut se réinscrire dans la démocratie de l'UE. Bien qu'abandonné en 2019, le processus du Spitzenkandidat a consolidé le rôle des partis politiques européens, qui sont passés de simples prestataires de services à promoteurs de campagnes électorales. Les stratégies de campagne sont passées au crible, en particulier la structure interne et les activités quotidiennes des partis politiques européens lors des campagnes de 2014 et 2019. Les données se basent sur des entretiens qualitatifs, semi-directifs et directifs, menés avec des experts au premier plan de ces campagnes, pour une approche de l'intérieur. En discutant de l'évolution du rôle des partis politiques européens et des stratégies qu'ils ont adoptées pendant les campagnes électorales, nous souhaitons réfléchir au potentiel du processus Spitzenkandidat visant à renforcer la politisation de l'UE.

This article aims to analyze the party laws of the Southern Cone countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay) and the theoretical debate on the subject. The state regulations are not new in political world scene, with the first legislation being formulated after World War II. In the case of the Southern Cone countries, some nations had regulated party activities before their authoritarian periods, and party activities were taken over from the 1980s with new legislation that set new limits and allocations to political parties, changing their organizations and their activities. To accomplish this work there will be a qualitative analysis of party laws of five countries, focusing on their differences and similarities. In conclusion, it can be said that the five countries have different views of party activities and this is reflected in their laws, with some of them providing greater freedom for partisan activities than others ; Este artigo tem como objetivos analisar as legislações partidárias dos países que compõem o Cone Sul (Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Paraguai e Uruguai) e o debate teórico sobre o tema. As regulações estatais não são novidade no cenário político mundial com as primeiras legislações tendo sido formuladas logo após a Segunda Guerra Mundial. No caso dos países do Cone Sul, algumas nações tinham as atividades partidárias reguladas antes de seus períodos autoritários e as atividades partidárias foram retomadas a partir da década de 1980 com novas legislações que estabeleceram novos limites e atribuições aos partidos políticos alterando suas organizações e suas atividades. Para realizar este trabalho será realizada uma análise qualitativa das legislações partidárias dos cinco países, se concentrando em suas diferenças e semelhanças. Como conclusões, pode-se afirmar que os cinco países tem visões diferentes das atividades partidárias e isto reflete em suas legislações, com algumas fornecendo maior liberdade para a atuação partidária do que outras