Suchergebnisse

This research discusses how the empty box won in the 2018 Makassar Regional Head Election. This phenomenon became the elections' history where a single candidate failed to win the election. Ten political parties consisting of Functional Groups Party (Golkar), National Democratic Party (NasDem), Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), United Development Party (PPP), Crescent Star Party (PBB), Great Indonesia Movement Party (Gerindra), Prosperous Justice Party (PKS), People's Conscience Party (Hanura), National Mandate Party (PAN), and Indonesian Justice and Unity Party (PKPI), promoted a single candidate pair. This study aims to describe how the movement of empty box volunteers in the Makassar Regional Head Election. This research uses a qualitative method. Selection of informants using a snowball sampling technique, and using social movement theory. There are three parts to this theory: 1) Complaint theory. Public disappointment over a candidate pair's disqualification and consider the election organizer unfair; 2) Mobilizing structures theory. Analyze the voluntary movement of empty boxes to gather mass support and sympathizers during the election; and 3) Framing theory. Analyze the use of issues and methods of spreading the issue. This research found that the empty box phenomenon in Makassar Regional Head Election, unlike in the elections in other areas where the single candidate did not have an opponent, in Makassar, one of the candidate pairs was disqualified due to violation. It made the community, supporters, and the success team feels disappointed with the General Elections Commission's decision. This disappointment also resulted in the emergence of the empty box volunteer movement. Movements of empty box volunteers to gather mass support and sympathizers through door-to-door socializing, leaflets, flyers, and banners call to action to win empty box and use social media and online media as campaign tools. ; Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana kotak kosong menang pada Pilkada Makassar 2018. Fenomena ini menjadi sejarah pemilu dimana satu kandidat gagal memenangkan pemilu. Sepuluh partai politik yang terdiri dari Partai Golongan Karya (Golkar), Partai Nasional Demokrat (NasDem), Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan (PDI-P), Partai Persatuan Pembangunan (PPP), Partai Bulan Bintang (PBB), Partai Gerakan Indonesia Raya (Gerindra), Partai Keadilan Sejahtera (PKS), Partai Hati Nurani Rakyat (Hanura), Partai Amanat Nasional (PAN), dan Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia (PKPI), mempromosikan pasangan calon tunggal tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan bagaimana pergerakan relawan kotak kosong dalam Pilkada Makassar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Pemilihan informan menggunakan teknik snowball sampling, dan menggunakan teori pergerakan sosial. Ada tiga bagian teori ini: 1) Teori keluhan. Kekecewaan publik atas diskualifikasi pasangan calon dan menganggap penyelenggara pemilu tidak adil; 2) Teori struktur mobilisasi. Menganalisis pergerakan relawan kotak kosong untuk menghimpun dukungan massa dan simpatisan selama pemilihan; dan 3) Teori framing. Analisis isu yang digunakan dan metode untuk menyebarkan isu. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa fenomena kotak kosong pada Pilkada Makassar, berbeda dengan pilkada di daerah lain yang pasangan calon tunggal tidak memiliki lawan, di Makassar salah satu pasangan calon didiskualifikasi karena melakukan pelanggaran. Hal itu membuat masyarakat, pendukung, dan tim sukses kecewa dengan keputusan KPU. Kekecewaan ini juga mengakibatkan munculnya gerakan relawan kotak kosong. Gerakan relawan kotak kosong menghimpun dukungan massa dan simpatisan melalui sosialisasi dari pintu ke pintu, leaflet, flyer, dan spanduk ajakan bertindak untuk memenangkan kotak kosong dan menggunakan media sosial dan media online sebagai alat kampanye.

Muhammadiyah is one of the Islamic organizations in Indonesia. The existence of Elections in Indonesia's national history were carried out several times, namely during the Old Order era, namely 1955, the New Order period 1971, 1977, 1982, 1987, 1992 and 1997. Elections for a democratic country like Indonesia are very important because elections are a channel for people's aspirations. Elections that have been held in Indonesia have their own characteristics with differing democratic levels, so the truth of the argument needs to be proven in order to obtain an accurate answer. The results obtained from this study that the implementation of general elections in the Old Order period can already be categorized as democratic elections, with the many parties participating in the general election signifying the existence of freedom in political life, whereas during the New Order the democratic period faded along with the power of the Suharto regime which always curbed the political life of the Indonesian nation, the implementation of the general election during the Reformation especially the 2004 general election was more democratic because the implementation of the election could represent the aspirations of the people especially with the electoral system which was different from the previous election because with a combination of district and proportional systems then the people can know and know what people's representatives will like to channel their aspirations.

Using the accounting ecology framework developed by Gernon and Wallace (1995), this study aims to examine the reasons Indonesia adopted the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Data were extracted from the accounting policy makers' offices based in Indonesia including the DSAK, DPN IAI, and Bapepam-LK. In-depth interviews were conducted and data were then processed via thematic analysis, a method used for identifying, analyzing, and reporting themes/patterns noted in the data (Gray, 1988). Results noted from this study revealed four themes which served as reasons behind Indonesia's adoption of the IFRS. The first reason is that Indonesia was dominated by the desire to serve the interests of global business. The second reason is that Indonesia wanted to act as a social accounting actor as it was now in the position to act as a standard buyer. The third reason is that Indonesia is in the position of swift current globalization. Finally, Indonesia is under the political pressures exerted by foreign parties.

Using the accounting ecology framework developed by Gernon and Wallace (1995), this study aims to examine the reasons Indonesia adopted the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS). Data were extracted from the accounting policy makers' offices based in Indonesia including the DSAK, DPN IAI, and Bapepam-LK. In-depth interviews were conducted and data were then processed via thematic analysis, a method used for identifying, analyzing, and reporting themes/patterns noted in the data (Gray, 1988). Results noted from this study revealed four themes which served as reasons behind Indonesia's adoption of the IFRS. The first reason is that Indonesia was dominated by the desire to serve the interests of global business. The second reason is that Indonesia wanted to act as a social accounting actor as it was now in the position to act as a standard buyer. The third reason is that Indonesia is in the position of swift current globalization. Finally, Indonesia is under the political pressures exerted by foreign parties.

Interaction in the international system creates cooperation between countries and can also create conflicts when interests between countries clash. There are two approaches used in resolving conflict; associative where countries seek to cooperate with each other; and disassociative involving military force and political separation (Barash & Webel, 2009: 288). One of Indonesia's associative efforts in maintaining its diplomatic relations with Australia is by using ASEAN to form the AANZFTA (ASEAN-Australia-New Zealand Free Trade Area). Apart from geographical proximity, the socio-economic development opportunities for all parties, this cooperation is also a geopolitical strategy for Australian security and provides political legitimacy for ASEAN in the international world. Using a case study method that focuses on the dynamics of the relationship between ASEAN, Australia, and New Zealand, mainly through the AANZFTA, this paper will explain ASEAN, Australia, and New Zealand's reasons and interests as well as strengths and weaknesses in them. Through discussion and analysis results, it can be concluded that international cooperation was formed to build negative peace after the World War. Then over time, non-traditional issues increasingly encourage international cooperation to develop positive peace with moral values and peaceful dispute resolution without violence. Although the impact is the domination of big countries and sacrificing small and developing countries' sovereignty, each country will always prioritize its own interests. This study's results can provide an overview of the diplomatic relations between Indonesia and Australia multilaterally through AANZFTA. At the same time, the bilateral relationship between the two can be reviewed in further research

Abstract Completion of the armed conflict in both the legal and political framework set in customary international law and the Hague Convention I of 1899 and 1907 on the peaceful resolution of disputes, as well as the Charter of the United Nations. Mechanisms for resolving armed conflicts as well as measures to prevent the emergence of armed conflict refers to the two methods of dispute resolution, the peaceful resolution of disputes and the settlement of disputes by force or violence. Patterns in the context of conflict resolution approach more focused on the efforts of early stage to prevent the emergence of armed-conflict. Such efforts can be done with diplomacy and political mediation efforts by involving the various parties that are considered to be actors of peace. While humanitarian law in the context of normative law enforcement efforts imprinted on the situation of the ongoing war, one of its forms through foreign intervention in the ongoing armed conflict itself. In the present context of the humanitarian intervention of humanitarian law known as the Responsibility to Protect (R to P). In addition through the UN mechanism for the continuous efforts of the international community to prevent the emergence of armed conflict also involving a number of other actors who can be considered a partner for peace. One of them involving specific groups that can be considered a party to break the chain of armed conflict itself. One of them is through the mechanism of the Kimberley Process.

ABSTRAKSIDemokrasi didefinisikan sebagai kekuatan rakyat, oleh rakyat, dan untuk rakyat. Indonesia memeluk demokrasi yang dijiwai dan terintegrasi dengan nilai-nilai luhur sehingga tidak dapat dialihkan. Implementasi demokrasi terlihat pada pesta demokrasi yang diadakan setiap lima tahun. Pemilihan kepala daerah menunjukkan implementasi demokrasi masyarakat di daerah dan indikator pelaksanaan kehidupan demokrasi. Pada kenyataannya itu ditentukan oleh kesadaran elit politik untuk membangun aliansi politik. Pada tahun 2018, Indonesia memasuki tahun politik yang ditandai dengan pemilihan kepala daerah (Pilkada) secara serentak di berbagai provinsi dan kabupaten / kota. Pilkada memiliki posisi strategis dalam menciptakan keefektifan pemerintah lokal karena kepala yang dinominasikan dan terpilih memegang peran kepemimpinan daerah. Ini adalah pilkada simultan yang tidak hanya memiliki sejumlah besar wilayah, tetapi juga mencakup daerah-daerah yang dikategorikan memiliki bobot politik dalam perhitungan politik nasional. Kita harus berjuang bersama untuk memulihkan cita-cita demokrasi dari pemilihan, untuk mengatur bahwa persaingan politik dapat dilaksanakan dengan cara yang beradab dan menghasilkan pemimpin yang diterima oleh semua pihak. Konflik harus diarahkan sebagai energi untuk membuat tantangan demokratis dan berharap lebih banyak dan lebih tepat dalam proses demokratisasi pemilu di Indonesia.Kata kunci: Demokrasi, Pilkada Serempak 2018, Harapan, dan Tantangan ABSTRACTDemocracy is defined as the power of the people, by the people, and for the people. Indonesia embraces a democracy that is imbued and integrated with noble values so that it can not be diverted away. Implementation of democracy is seen at the democracy party which is held every five years. The election of regional head shows the implementation of community democracy in the area and an indicator of the implementation of democratic life. In reality it is determined by the consciousness of political elites to build political alliances. In 2018, Indonesia entered the political year marked by the election of regional heads (Pilkada) simultaneously in various provinces and districts / cities. Pilkada has a strategic position in creating the effectiveness of local government because the nominated and elected heads hold the role of regional leadership. This is a simultaneous pilkada that not only has a large number of areas, but also includes regions that are categorized as having political weight in national political calculations. We must strive together to restore the democratic ideals of the elections, to organize that political competition can be implemented in a civilized manner and produce leaders who are accepted by all parties. Conflict must be directed as energy to make democratic challenges and hopes more and more correct in the process of democratization of elections in Indonesia.Keywords: Democracy, Pilkada Unison 2018, Hope, and Challenge

Indonesia has been present and is still able to maintain itself as a democracy icon that should be followed by other countries. As one of the largest democracies in the world, Indonesia in more than ten years is continue growing and transforming with its diversity in society, the dynamics and diversity issues. Indonesia was still able to maintain its identity as a democracy. Through these facts, this paper tried to describe the political situation in Indonesia in the 2014 Presidential Election, as well as reflect further on the response and the effect of foreign parties to the democratic mechanism. What happens in the electoral process in recent months and how Indonesia continues to become an example of the success stories of various identity democracies as diverse as a multicultural country, developing countries, as well as the country with the largest Muslim adherents in the world. This paper sees the problem through the concept of elections and democracy based on the analysis of identity. Where the author tried to look outside the box of the electoral process in the domestic political analysis that has been done before. Probe Indonesia based on its identity in the international sphere as a democratic state becomes interesting when its identity was assessed by comparing it with other identities such as identity and role as a developing country and collective identity as the Southeast Asian country. The papers argue that the election process in Indonesia is not only shaped by domestic factors. Indonesia democratization maturity today can't be separated from the support of international and Indonesian efforts in playing a role and maintain its identity as a democratic country in the international sphere. Keywords: democracy, election, identity

ABSTRACT The national movement of the mental revolution proclaimed by Jokowi is a very appropriate bureaucratic reform policy. However, this mental revolution will certainly face a very tough challenge because the priyayi mentality has been a bureaucratic culture in Indonesia for a long time. The greatest challenge will come from internal bureaucracy itself because the mental revolution will surely disturb the comfort zone of many priyayi officials and bureaucratic apparatus. Therefore, reform or mental change is not possible in a short time or in a revolution, but needs to be planned, programmed, staged, continuous, consistent, and consistent. To realize the mental revolution, commitment and political will is not enough, but must be followed by political action in the form of exemplary leaders, assertiveness and courage of leaders, programs of mental revolution, and law enforcement that is not indiscriminate. The condition is of course very apprehensive to all parties. Therefore, while attending the 43rd Korpri Anniversary ceremony at Silang Monas Jakarta on December 1, 2014, President Jokowi launched the National Movement of the Mental Revolution which included three targets: 1. The change of mindset and paradigm of the government apparatus from the priyayi bureaucracy to the bureaucracy serving the people. 2. The organizational structure of the government should be lean, efficient, and not duplication of functions. 3. Cultural changes in the form of a work culture that is more disciplined, responsible, and put forward togetherness and mutual cooperation. Bureaucratic reforms that have been done are still pseudo that is limited to face and skin changes bureaucracy but has not touched its contents that is change mindset, paradigm, moral, and mental human being bureaucratic apparatus. As a result, bureaucratic reforms have only produced bureaucracies with new faces and modern skins but whose contents are the traditional, patrimonialistic and feudal mentality. Officials and bureaucratic apparatus in today's reform era still position themselves as prijaji who prioritizes power and demands respect and service of the people.

Global Governance encompasses the world's political activities and the management of issues and phenomena that occurred on a nation-state, involving contributions from regional to the international environment. In the global security sector, there are numerous efforts carried out by a country to counter such external threats that can cause destabilization. Non-proliferation and nuclear developments for peace are such issues of the global defense-security concern. The attempts to control and ensure the use of nuclear has been carried out by enacting international law, resolutions, and multilateral agreements. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) is one kind. Influencing the world's security, politics, and economy, JCPOA began to be disrupted since the U.S. withdrawal as one of the parties that initially signed the agreement. This research aims to analyze The Collapse of Global Governance: When the U.S. Leaves the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). This research used a qualitative method with analysis based on secondary data, validated by the triangulation technique in this qualitative study. The analytical procedure uses secondary data from journals, media, and literature related to the Iran nuclear agreement and previous analyses discussing the U.S. exit from the JCPOA agreement. The analysis technique performs by arranging the data sequence, organizing the data into a pattern, category, and basic description. This research has found that Global Governance has fundamental weaknesses in its application. Through an analysis of the U.S. exit from the Iran nuclear agreement, it can be said that the reins of control are in the hands of the U.S. The Trump administration's policy on behalf of the U.S. to leave JCPOA to thwart the achievement of Global Governance and significantly affects the multi-national economic, political, and security order. The implementation of Global Governance and the issues also raised based on the interests of the superpowers. ; Global governance meliputi kegiatan politik dunia dan pengelolaan isu dan fenomena yang terjadi pada suatu negara kebangsaan, yang melibatkan kontribusi dari lingkungan regional hingga internasional. Di bidang keamanan global, banyak upaya yang dilakukan oleh suatu negara untuk melawan ancaman eksternal yang dapat menyebabkan destabilisasi. Non-proliferasi dan perkembangan nuklir untuk perdamaian adalah isu-isu yang menjadi perhatian pertahanan-keamanan global. Upaya pengendalian dan penjaminan penggunaan nuklir dilakukan melalui penetapan hukum internasional, resolusi, dan kesepakatan multilateral. The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) adalah salah satunya. Mempengaruhi keamanan, politik, dan ekonomi dunia, keberadaan JCPOA mulai terganggu sejak mundurnya Amerika Serikat (AS) sebagai salah satu pihak yang awalnya menandatangani perjanjian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis Runtuhnya Global Governance: Saat Keluarnya AS dari Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan analisis berdasarkan data sekunder, divalidasi dengan teknik triangulasi dalam penelitian kualitatif ini. Prosedur analitis menggunakan data sekunder yang diambil dari jurnal, media, dan literatur terkait perjanjian nuklir Iran dan analisis sebelumnya yang membahas keluarnya AS dari perjanjian JCPOA. Teknik analisis dilakukan dengan menyusun urutan data, mengorganisasikan data ke dalam suatu pola, kategori, dan deskripsi dasar. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa global governance memiliki kelemahan mendasar dalam penerapannya. Melalui analisis keluarnya AS dari perjanjian nuklir Iran, dapat dikatakan bahwa kendali kendali berada di tangan AS. Kebijakan pemerintahan Trump mengatasnamakan AS keluar dari JCPOA untuk menggagalkan pencapaian global governance dan secara signifikan mempengaruhi tatanan ekonomi, politik, dan keamanan multi-nasional. Implementasi global governance dan permasalahannya juga diangkat berdasarkan kepentingan negara adidaya.

In the context of Aceh, the word "Ulama" refers to an Islamic scholar who own boarding school (In Aceh language known as Dayah) or a leader of an Islamic boarding school (known as Teungku Dayah). Ulama become "the backbone" of any social problem and play strategic and influential roles in Acehnese society. However, The Ulama roles have changed in the post-conflict era in Aceh. The assumption that Ulama are unable running their authorities in Acehnese society especially in the post-conflict era. Ideally, their roles are needed in the reconciliation regarding the agents of reconciliation who have authority like the Ulama and are trustworthy by Acehnese society. Therefore, this article aims to discuss the position of Ulama in the process of post-conflict reconciliation in Aceh. To investigate the problem, a descriptive qualitative method was used, where the method is to describe the nature of a temporary situation that occurs when the research is carried out in detail, and then the causes of the symptoms were examined. The data were literature studies, participatory observation, and in-depth interviews. The results of this research showed that during an important period of Aceh's history, the Ulama constantly become guardians that provide a religious ethical foundation for each socio-political change in Aceh, and subsequently they also act as the successor to the religious style that developed in the society. Even the formation and development of the socio-political and cultural system occurred partly on the contribution of the Ulama. The position of Ulama in the process of post-conflict reconciliation in Aceh can be found in four ways. Firstly, knowledge transmission. Secondly, as a legal decision-maker which refers to Sharia law, especially related to the reconciliation process. Thirdly, as a mediator. Fourthly, cultural roles in the form of ritual or ceremonial guides that are carried out when the parties of the conflict have met an agreement to reconcile. ; Dalam konteks Aceh, "Ulama" merujuk pada sosok individu yang memiliki Dayah (pesantren) atau pimpinan Dayah yang terkenal dengan sebutan Teungku Dayah. Pada ranah sosial, Ulama Aceh merupakan "tulang punggung" keputusan dalam berbagai hal. Ulama hadir sebagai kelompok strategis dan berpengaruh dalam kehidupan masyarakat Aceh. Namun, pasca konflik Aceh, telah terjadi dinamika pergeseran peran ulama di Aceh. Ada anggapan bahwa ulama tidak lagi mampu menjalankan otoritasnya dalam masyarakat, terutama pada masa pasca konflik. Padahal idealnya, ulama turut berperan dalam proses rekonsiliasi, mengingat saat ini belum ada agen rekosiliasi yang memiliki otoritas seperti ulama dan benar-benar dapat dipercaya oleh masyarakat Aceh. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini ingin mendiskusikan tentang posisi Ulama Aceh dalam proses rekonsiliasi pasca konflik. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu suatu metode untuk menggambarkan sifat suatu keadaan yang sementara terjadi pada saat penelitian dilakukan secara detail, dan kemudian berusaha memeriksa sebab-sebab dari gejala tersebut. Data dalam penelitian ini bersumber dari studi pustaka, obeservasi partisipatoris dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam setiap periode penting seajarah Aceh, ulama selalu hadir sebagai satu kekuatan yang memberi ladasan etis keagamaan bagi setiap perubahan sosial-politik di Aceh, dan selanjutnya ulama bertindak sebagai penerus corak keagamaan yang berkembang dalam masyarakat Aceh. Bahkan pembentukan dan perkembangan sistem sosial-politik dan budaya masyarakat Aceh terjadi sebagian atas kontribusi para ulama. Adapun Posisi ulama dalam proses rekonsiliasi di Aceh pasca konflik dapat dilihat dalam empat hal. Pertama, transmisi pengetahuan. Kedua, sebagai pengambil keputusan hukum yang bersumber dari ajaran Islam, terutama terkait dengan proses rekonsiliasi. Ketiga, sebagai mediator. Keempat, peran kultural yang berupa pemandu ritual atau seremonial yang dilakukan ketika pihak yang bertikai sudah menemukan kata sepakat untuk berdamai.