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Chang Kwun-Hung. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 184-189). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Chapter 1. --- Introduction ; Chapter 1.1 --- The approach of this thesis --- p.3 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Criticisms on Rawls --- p.8 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Influences from Marx --- p.13 ; Chapter 1.4 --- "Socialism, market, and democracy" --- p.14 ; Chapter 1.5 --- Why should we need equality? --- p.18 ; Chapter 2. --- Complex Equality and Distributive Justice ; Chapter 2.1 --- Social goods and distributive spheres --- p.22 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Problems on simple equality --- p.26 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Complex equality and reduction of dominance --- p.33 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Blocked exchange and free exchanges --- p.37 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Natural endowments and desert --- p.40 ; Chapter 3. --- Criticisms on Walzer's theory of social goods ; Chapter 3.1 --- Loose link between social meanings and distributive principles --- p.47 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Moral considerations and principle of utility --- p.50 ; Chapter 3.3 --- Basic needs and communal provision --- p.56 ; Chapter 3.4 --- Unclear boundaries between social goods --- p.60 ; Chapter 4. --- Citizenship and shared understandings of social goods ; Chapter 4.1 --- Democratic citizenship and political power --- p.70 ; Chapter 4.2 --- Decentralized democratic socialism --- p.77 ; Chapter 4.3 --- Ruled by citizens or ruled by specialists? --- p.79 ; Chapter 4.4 --- Shared understandings of social welfare --- p.81 ; Chapter 4.41 --- Medical care ; Chapter 4.42 --- Education ; Chapter 4.5 --- Art of separation --- p.91 ; Chapter 5. --- Interpretation and social criticism ; Chapter 5.1 --- Interpretation thesis --- p.99 ; Chapter 5.2 --- Social criticism --- p.111 ; Chapter 5.3 --- Dworkin-Walzer debate --- p.118 ; Chapter 6. --- Problems with Walzer's interpretation thesis ; Chapter 6.1 --- The possibility of social criticisms made by another society --- p.132 ; Chapter 6.2 --- Refutation of interpretation thesis --- p.139 ...

作為古代東亞文化圈其中一部最具影響力的著作─《論語》,其在漢代的重要性一直長期被忽視。直至近年隨着學界的「翻案風」興起,對《論語》及《論語》學的研究才開始起步,但對唐以前的研究仍是寥寥無幾。此外,迄今為止這些研究仍離不開就《論語》的版本及詮釋本進行文本式研究,卻忽視了《論語》作為一部重要的儒家經典,對政治、社會等各方面的實際影響,本研究希望為此填補一點空白。本文認為《論語》所以沒有在西漢時期被列入成為《五經》之一,主因在於不同版本之間存有篇數差異及未經「孔子删削」而成為「權威定本」,是以不符合西漢「大一統」的政治需要。而且,在漢人眼裡「《論語》」的概念其實有「廣義」和「狹義」之分,這亦是前人研究時常常忽略的。至於,《論語》作為一種官學在兩漢之間如何形成及發展,以至最終成為部分知識人心目中的「第六經」亦是本文嘗試回答的問題。正如本文強調研究《論語》與社會及政治之間的關係,是以我們亦將探討西漢末至東漢時期的讖緯思潮如何導致孔子由一個人變成一個神的問題,因為《論語》作為孔子的言行記錄,其地位亦隨着孔子的地位改變而有所升降,而《七緯》中包含《論語緯》正是其中一種地位上升的表現。最後,有關《論語》在兩漢的政治影響力的問題,文中亦嘗試透過分析幾部政書及一些皇帝的詔書、朝議,指出朝臣及皇帝如何據《論》而言。當然,本研究所以以「五經以外」為題,並不是要否定《五經》在漢代的影響力,相反本研究嘗試從一個嶄新的角度分析兩漢的政治問題,從而希望能得出一些新的看法。 ; This research aims at studying the political authority of a long-neglected classic in Han Dynasty ─Lun Yuor the Analects of the Confucius. To date, the majority of scholars in the intellectual history field are operating on the assumption that, be-cause of the establishment of the "Experts of Five Classics (The Book of History, the Book of Odes, the Book of Change, the Book of Ritualsand the Spring and Autumn Annals)" in the central government academy (Tai Xue) and an government officer recruitment examination based on the "Five Classics," the intellectual history of Han was basically the history about the conservation, transmission and interpretation of "Five Classics." Most sholarship on the Analects either studies the textual genesis or the literary character of this source material about Confucius. As a result, not many scholars have studied how the Analects interact with Han political, social, and material contexts. ; But should we accept this common wisdom that the intellectual history of Han was just the history about the "Five Classics"? Or was there something beyond the "Five Classics" that was of equal importance? This could be answered by the fact that Cai Yong, a senior official and a Confucian scholar of the latter Han period, described the Analects as the "Sixth Classic" which was also a basic entry requirement for the newly appointed "Erudites" and academy students of the ...

學者研究中國上古時期政治思想,往往以漢武帝以後的儒家思想作為國家權力正當性的基礎,但是此理論的缺憾是,如果只以儒家思想作為國家意識形態的標誌,就難以解釋西漢武帝以前的國家權力正當性是如何運作的。其實早在作為中國最早期實行帝制的秦王朝,已憑著統一的法律標準與有利於專制王權實行管治的官僚機構,確立國家專制權力的基本模式。 ; 本文試圖從儒法之爭的框架跳出來,從法律思想的角度,考察先秦至秦代的法律觀念、法律與國家官僚機構的關係及法律原則與「國家意識形態」的關係等議題。為了更貼近自秦至秦知識分子的「生活世界」,本文採用回到文本本身的研究方法,找出反映儒、道、法各家思想特徵的文本及其中的思想如何互相對話與融合,並從中探討戰國中後期至秦的知識分子與國家官僚對法律與政治觀念的表達,及其中的政治關懷。 ; 本文將從法律思想與國家意識形態的角度,更緊密地考察法律觀念背後反映的政治權力意識,從先秦至秦「刑」、「法」的觀念與實踐的起源、秦國家法律標準、秦法律原則與官僚政治道德的關係三方面探討秦代國家專制權力的正當性基礎。 ; Conventional studies on Ancient Chinese political thoughts consider Confusianism as the basis for legitimising the ruling of the state. However, this theory fails at explaining the period before Han Wudi(漢武帝) officially proclaimed the supreme status of Confusianism. As early as Qin Dynasty(秦朝), the state has established a centralised authoritarian government through its standardised legal practice and complex bureaucratic system. ; Therefore, this study avoids the orthodoxy in explaining political thoughts with the struggle between Confucianism and Legalism and investigates the relationship of laws and the bureaucratic system as well as that of legal principals and state ideology in pre-Qin and Qin period. By scrutinising the contemporary thoughts through careful textual analysis, this study expounds the encountering of Confusianism, Daoism, and Legalism and also their synthesis. Upon this, it moves on further to examine how the literati and the bureaucrats in later Warring-States period(戰國時代) to Qin Dynasty delineated laws, political beliefs, and the political concerns therein. ; From the perspective of state ideology, this study aims at analysing the conception of political power as reflected by the legal thoughts in three dimensions: 1) the origin and practice of "xing"(刑) and "fa"(法) in Pre-Qin and Qin period; 2) the historical image and the relationship between legal standard and state ideology as embodied in the reform of Shang Yang(商鞅變法) in the Qin state(秦國); and 3) the legal principles and the political morality of the state bureaucrats in the later ...

This study explores a significant and little studied aspect of the pioneering doctrinal work of the Fajia tradition, the Book of Lord Shang 商君書 (ca. 260 B.C. -‐233 B.C.): its system of rewards. In contrast with previous scholarship that has questioned the existence of a coherent Legalist political vision and even its idea of law fa 法 or that has focused strictly on penalty, this study considers Fajia law and discipline not only viable categories for analysis, but also important conceptual products of the intensely competitive, bellicose political climate of the Warring States period. The central concern is with the character fa 法 in Fajia texts. Beginning with an analysis of the Book of Lord Shang's system of rewards, the study then examines how the use of the character fa 法 in this text distinguished itself from earlier usages and, hence, represents an important distinctly shared characteristic across Fajia texts generally. This shows that the Fajia system of rewards includes an important pedagogical aspect that requires the ruler's subjects to develop themselves for the sake of state development. Therefore, this study also evaluates the pedagogical value of Fajia rewards based on social scientific research on organismic learning. This pedagogical aspect of Fajia governance, the study argues, is the means through which the Fajia notion of law reinforces its cultural ideals of the state. ; 本文企圖考察在商君書(ca. 260 B.C. ‐ 233 B.C.)重要之一的方面:賞賜。以前的研究已經質疑連貫法家的政治思想,甚至其法律觀念鮮明特點的存在,或集中於嚴格刑罰的方面。可是這項研究認為法家的法律紀律的方面不只是可行的類別分析,還有法治觀念是戰國時期的競爭激烈,好戰的政治氣候的重要概念產品。最重要關注的是"法"字的意義在法家的文本。在開始本文分析商君書的獎勵系統。然後它探討如何在商君書中使用的"法"字,從早期的用途區分,以及它如何代表所有"法家"文本之間的一個重要的明顯特徵的共享。這表明,"法家"獎勵的系統包括一個重要的教學方面。它需要統治者的臣民來發展自己,為了國家的發展。因此,本文基於社會科學研究機體學習評估"法家"獎勵系統的教學價值。其實上,法家政治思想有這種教學方面的證明是強化了國家的文化理想的手段。 ; King, Brandon Russell. ; Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2015. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 415-424). ; Abstracts also in Chinese. ; Title from PDF title page (viewed on 11, October, 2016). ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only.

Gao Yang. ; Thesis submitted in: June 2005. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-133). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; GENDER AND NATIONALISM IN CHINESE FILMS BETWEEN 1949 AND 1989 --- p.I ; 摘要 --- p.III ; ABBREVIATIONS --- p.VIII ; Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Literature Review --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.1.1 --- "Nation, State and Nationalism" --- p.2 ; Chapter 1.1.2 --- Gender and Nation in Chinese Cinematic Narration --- p.6 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Methodology --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.2.1 --- Typology --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.2.2 --- Film Analysis as Method --- p.11 ; Chapter 1.2.3 --- Case Selection --- p.16 ; Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- SOCIAL BACKGROUND OF CHINA: 1949-1989 --- p.22 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Background of the First Period:1949-1978 --- p.22 ; Chapter 2.1.1 --- "New China, New Women" --- p.22 ; Chapter 2.1.2 --- The Cooperative Movement and the Communization Movement:1952- --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.1.3 --- The Great Leap Forward and the Suppression of Individualism:1958-1960 --- p.26 ; Chapter 2.1.4 --- The Magnification of Class Struggle and the Cultural Revolution --- p.28 ; Chapter 2.1.5 --- The Unchanged Philosophy behind the Changing Policies: the Strategic Opening Up of Public Domain for Women --- p.30 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Economic and Political Landscape after the Cultural Revolution: 1979-1989 --- p.31 ; Chapter 2.2.1 --- Economic Reform and the Concomitant Social Problems --- p.31 ; Chapter 2.2.2 --- Political Liberalization and the Backlashes --- p.32 ; Chapter 2.2.3 --- "The ""Cultural Fever"" and the ""Fifth Generation"" Filmmakers" --- p.33 ; Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Collective Frustration: The Social Sentiment after the National Trauma --- p.33 ; Chapter 2.2.3.1.1 --- Traumatic Experiences during the Cultural Revolution --- p.33 ; Chapter 2.2.3.1.2 --- The Lost Past --- p.36 ; Chapter 2.2.3.1.3 --- The Meaningless Present --- p.36 ; Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- The Specter of Westernization --- p.37 ; Chapter 2.2.3.2.1 --- ...