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The article starts with the question: how is the political philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche even possible? The author discusses with Tracy B. Strong's presumption that Nietzsche's political philosophy is not possible as a transcendental deduction. The author supposes that this type of question clashes with the premises of Nietzsche's thinking and also undermines the interpretation of the other aspects of his philosophy. First of all: the question of nazification and denazification of Nietzsche's thought. The article comes to the conclusion that in the scope of recent investigation there is not much sense in raising the question whether Nietzsche's political views are political philosophy in the normative meaning of the term, but it is possible to discuss the question of political anthropology as the psychology of the nations Nietzsche was really interested in.

The article starts with the question: how is the political philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche even possible? The author discusses with Tracy B. Strong's presumption that Nietzsche's political philosophy is not possible as a transcendental deduction. The author supposes that this type of question clashes with the premises of Nietzsche's thinking and also undermines the interpretation of the other aspects of his philosophy. First of all: the question of nazification and denazification of Nietzsche's thought. The article comes to the conclusion that in the scope of recent investigation there is not much sense in raising the question whether Nietzsche's political views are political philosophy in the normative meaning of the term, but it is possible to discuss the question of political anthropology as the psychology of the nations Nietzsche was really interested in.

The article starts with the question: how is the political philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche even possible? The author discusses with Tracy B. Strong's presumption that Nietzsche's political philosophy is not possible as a transcendental deduction. The author supposes that this type of question clashes with the premises of Nietzsche's thinking and also undermines the interpretation of the other aspects of his philosophy. First of all: the question of nazification and denazification of Nietzsche's thought. The article comes to the conclusion that in the scope of recent investigation there is not much sense in raising the question whether Nietzsche's political views are political philosophy in the normative meaning of the term, but it is possible to discuss the question of political anthropology as the psychology of the nations Nietzsche was really interested in.

The article starts with the question: how is the political philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche even possible? The author discusses with Tracy B. Strong's presumption that Nietzsche's political philosophy is not possible as a transcendental deduction. The author supposes that this type of question clashes with the premises of Nietzsche's thinking and also undermines the interpretation of the other aspects of his philosophy. First of all: the question of nazification and denazification of Nietzsche's thought. The article comes to the conclusion that in the scope of recent investigation there is not much sense in raising the question whether Nietzsche's political views are political philosophy in the normative meaning of the term, but it is possible to discuss the question of political anthropology as the psychology of the nations Nietzsche was really interested in.

Short description of the paper: To Reveal E.Fromm developed in social and political criticism of the content and its compatibility with the theories of the Frankfurt School. E.Fromm has little attetion in Lithuania as member of Frakfurt school member, so in this work is deeply delves into E.Fromm work as Frankfurt school member and one of the bigest book about destructivness "THE ANATOMY OF HUMAN DESTRUKTIVNESS". Whit this book critical analize I want to emphasize E. Fromm the importance of Frankfurt school member. Objectives: 1. Overview of E. Fromm psychoanalytic theories and psychotherapeutic treatment criticism. 2. Arrange E.Fromm social and political criticism of ideas and content. 3. Analyze E.Fromm anatomy of human destructiveness Frankfurt criticism in the context of Nazism 4. Arrange the Frankfurt school to develop Western Marxism guidelines. 5. Disclose E.Fromm and the Frankfurt School ideas interfaces.

Short description of the paper: To Reveal E.Fromm developed in social and political criticism of the content and its compatibility with the theories of the Frankfurt School. E.Fromm has little attetion in Lithuania as member of Frakfurt school member, so in this work is deeply delves into E.Fromm work as Frankfurt school member and one of the bigest book about destructivness "THE ANATOMY OF HUMAN DESTRUKTIVNESS". Whit this book critical analize I want to emphasize E. Fromm the importance of Frankfurt school member. Objectives: 1. Overview of E. Fromm psychoanalytic theories and psychotherapeutic treatment criticism. 2. Arrange E.Fromm social and political criticism of ideas and content. 3. Analyze E.Fromm anatomy of human destructiveness Frankfurt criticism in the context of Nazism 4. Arrange the Frankfurt school to develop Western Marxism guidelines. 5. Disclose E.Fromm and the Frankfurt School ideas interfaces.

Short description of the paper: To Reveal E.Fromm developed in social and political criticism of the content and its compatibility with the theories of the Frankfurt School. E.Fromm has little attetion in Lithuania as member of Frakfurt school member, so in this work is deeply delves into E.Fromm work as Frankfurt school member and one of the bigest book about destructivness "THE ANATOMY OF HUMAN DESTRUKTIVNESS". Whit this book critical analize I want to emphasize E. Fromm the importance of Frankfurt school member. Objectives: 1. Overview of E. Fromm psychoanalytic theories and psychotherapeutic treatment criticism. 2. Arrange E.Fromm social and political criticism of ideas and content. 3. Analyze E.Fromm anatomy of human destructiveness Frankfurt criticism in the context of Nazism 4. Arrange the Frankfurt school to develop Western Marxism guidelines. 5. Disclose E.Fromm and the Frankfurt School ideas interfaces.

The article discloses that the modern prevalent consciousness of the society (ideology and psychology) predetermines that human rights and freedoms are the most importand value of the modern world.

The article discloses that the modern prevalent consciousness of the society (ideology and psychology) predetermines that human rights and freedoms are the most importand value of the modern world.

This dissertation analyses long-term intergenerational psychological effects of political trauma. According to trauma psychology and studies of impacts of political repression, it was presumed that the long-term psychological effects of political repression are felt not just by the survivors, but also by their adult children. The aim of this study is to evaluate long-term psychological effects of Soviet and Nazi repression to repressed second generation, and to establish intergenerational links of mental health between survivors of political repression and second generation. Altogether three groups of second generation were surveyed: children of survivors of Soviet and Nazi repression, Holocaust second generation and children of not-repressed Lithuanian citizens. According to the thematic analyses of qualitative data, various long-term psychological consequences of parents' political repression were identified, second generation connect some of their hardship with these experiences. Path analysis revealed relationship of posttraumatic reactions of parent and child. On the other hand statistical analysis disclosed that current posttraumatic reactions of second generation in general, hopelessness and sense of coherence of second generation of survivors of political repression in Lithuania are the same as in two comparison groups. These results are in line with Holocaust second generation research trends – there are long-term consequences, but second generation does not differ by their psychopathology.

This dissertation analyses long-term intergenerational psychological effects of political trauma. According to trauma psychology and studies of impacts of political repression, it was presumed that the long-term psychological effects of political repression are felt not just by the survivors, but also by their adult children. The aim of this study is to evaluate long-term psychological effects of Soviet and Nazi repression to repressed second generation, and to establish intergenerational links of mental health between survivors of political repression and second generation. Altogether three groups of second generation were surveyed: children of survivors of Soviet and Nazi repression, Holocaust second generation and children of not-repressed Lithuanian citizens. According to the thematic analyses of qualitative data, various long-term psychological consequences of parents' political repression were identified, second generation connect some of their hardship with these experiences. Path analysis revealed relationship of posttraumatic reactions of parent and child. On the other hand statistical analysis disclosed that current posttraumatic reactions of second generation in general, hopelessness and sense of coherence of second generation of survivors of political repression in Lithuania are the same as in two comparison groups. These results are in line with Holocaust second generation research trends – there are long-term consequences, but second generation does not differ by their psychopathology.

The article analyzes the psychological measures that support human existence in prison. The main source chosen is the novel "Notes from the House of the Dead" (1861–1862) by Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821–1881), a classic of Russian literature, which was written based on his personal experience as a political prisoner (1849– 1859). The author, above the gloomy life in prison, the poor household and the dehumanization of convicts, raises the effort to remain human and the hidden features of personal goodness hidden in the prison system. The article discusses why prisoners feel differently being in the same environment. The provision of needs according to the hierarchy of human needs established by the American psychologist Abraham Maslow and the changed concept of freedom served as a psychological support for the convicts. Survival was aided by a different perception of time spent in prison as non-existent in human life and physical work as a way to be forgotten.

The article analyzes the psychological measures that support human existence in prison. The main source chosen is the novel "Notes from the House of the Dead" (1861–1862) by Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821–1881), a classic of Russian literature, which was written based on his personal experience as a political prisoner (1849– 1859). The author, above the gloomy life in prison, the poor household and the dehumanization of convicts, raises the effort to remain human and the hidden features of personal goodness hidden in the prison system. The article discusses why prisoners feel differently being in the same environment. The provision of needs according to the hierarchy of human needs established by the American psychologist Abraham Maslow and the changed concept of freedom served as a psychological support for the convicts. Survival was aided by a different perception of time spent in prison as non-existent in human life and physical work as a way to be forgotten.

University's of Klaipeda students' today's culture research is described in the article, data, got in the end of 2002 y., in compared to data, got in the end of 2004 y. National upbringing's dimension is analyzed. Conclusions 1. In two years' time social trauma in Lithuania influence to academic youth has decreased: established, e. g., that there are a one third less students, who liked Lithuanian nation at the same time estimating it negative; the amount of students, who are favorably disposed towards their own nation, increased by one third. 2. It showed up, that fathers educate their children more patriotically than mothers; unfortunately, men do not socialize with children enough. 3. It was ascertained, that it is hard to educate youth patriotically because of the particularity of work in high school, but students' national optimism can be raised. 4. Lithuanian schools do not manage to indoctrinate love to native land worth - it stays in the last place between the students in the first courses and is important only for every fifteen student. With reference to working practice, it can be stated, that this worth should be indoctrinated from as early as possible, even before school. Despite the agitations, specific to international political unions, it is necessary to impose patriotic education course for pedagogical profile specialities' students in Lithuanian high schools.

University's of Klaipeda students' today's culture research is described in the article, data, got in the end of 2002 y., in compared to data, got in the end of 2004 y. National upbringing's dimension is analyzed. Conclusions 1. In two years' time social trauma in Lithuania influence to academic youth has decreased: established, e. g., that there are a one third less students, who liked Lithuanian nation at the same time estimating it negative; the amount of students, who are favorably disposed towards their own nation, increased by one third. 2. It showed up, that fathers educate their children more patriotically than mothers; unfortunately, men do not socialize with children enough. 3. It was ascertained, that it is hard to educate youth patriotically because of the particularity of work in high school, but students' national optimism can be raised. 4. Lithuanian schools do not manage to indoctrinate love to native land worth - it stays in the last place between the students in the first courses and is important only for every fifteen student. With reference to working practice, it can be stated, that this worth should be indoctrinated from as early as possible, even before school. Despite the agitations, specific to international political unions, it is necessary to impose patriotic education course for pedagogical profile specialities' students in Lithuanian high schools.