A Political Sociology of the European Union
In: Politique européenne, Band 37, Heft 2, S. 178-182
ISSN: 2105-2875
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In: Politique européenne, Band 37, Heft 2, S. 178-182
ISSN: 2105-2875
In: Recherches sociographiques, Band 28, Heft 1, S. 117
ISSN: 1705-6225
The text examines the work of three sociologists that draw heavily on modelizing explanation : Boudon, Elster and Dupuy. All of them alslo make an extensive use of literrary fiction in the core of their sociological explanation. Above the métaphoric use of fictional examples, the texts defends the idea that modelizing sociology, as paradoxical as it may appear, is very at ease with the use of literary examples because the familiarity with explanatory models helps them to make a clear difference between theory and reality.
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The coming to power of the Islamists in Khartoum in June 1989 manifested the crisis of some of the regulations that guided the construction of the state in Sudan. The social and political transformations enforced by the new regime had little to do with the theses of Islamism and much more with a desire to re-appropriate a long-term state history by excluding certain sectors of the Sudanese society and reshaping the terms of a problematic social contract. Coercion and war have been two essential means of carrying out this policy. The role of the regional environment has been fundamental in the consolidation of authoritarianism and in justifying a trajectory that is both unique and, in many respects, consistent with that of warring rentier states. ; L'arrivée au pouvoir des islamistes à Khartoum en juin 1989 manifeste la crise de certaines des régulations qui ont guidé la construction de l'État au Soudan. Les transformations sociales et politiques conduites par le nouveau régime ont peu à voir avec les thèses de l'islamisme et bien plus avec une volonté de se réapproprier une histoire étatique sur la longue durée en excluant certains secteurs de la société et en remodelant les termes d'un contrat social. La coercition et la guerre ont été deux moyens essentiels pour mener à bien cette politique. Le rôle de l'environnement régional a été fondamental dans la consolidation de l'autoritarisme et dans la justification d'une trajectoire à la fois unique et conforme sous nombre d'aspects à celle d'États rentiers guerriers.
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The coming to power of the Islamists in Khartoum in June 1989 manifested the crisis of some of the regulations that guided the construction of the state in Sudan. The social and political transformations enforced by the new regime had little to do with the theses of Islamism and much more with a desire to re-appropriate a long-term state history by excluding certain sectors of the Sudanese society and reshaping the terms of a problematic social contract. Coercion and war have been two essential means of carrying out this policy. The role of the regional environment has been fundamental in the consolidation of authoritarianism and in justifying a trajectory that is both unique and, in many respects, consistent with that of warring rentier states. ; L'arrivée au pouvoir des islamistes à Khartoum en juin 1989 manifeste la crise de certaines des régulations qui ont guidé la construction de l'État au Soudan. Les transformations sociales et politiques conduites par le nouveau régime ont peu à voir avec les thèses de l'islamisme et bien plus avec une volonté de se réapproprier une histoire étatique sur la longue durée en excluant certains secteurs de la société et en remodelant les termes d'un contrat social. La coercition et la guerre ont été deux moyens essentiels pour mener à bien cette politique. Le rôle de l'environnement régional a été fondamental dans la consolidation de l'autoritarisme et dans la justification d'une trajectoire à la fois unique et conforme sous nombre d'aspects à celle d'États rentiers guerriers.
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The coming to power of the Islamists in Khartoum in June 1989 manifested the crisis of some of the regulations that guided the construction of the state in Sudan. The social and political transformations enforced by the new regime had little to do with the theses of Islamism and much more with a desire to re-appropriate a long-term state history by excluding certain sectors of the Sudanese society and reshaping the terms of a problematic social contract. Coercion and war have been two essential means of carrying out this policy. The role of the regional environment has been fundamental in the consolidation of authoritarianism and in justifying a trajectory that is both unique and, in many respects, consistent with that of warring rentier states. ; L'arrivée au pouvoir des islamistes à Khartoum en juin 1989 manifeste la crise de certaines des régulations qui ont guidé la construction de l'État au Soudan. Les transformations sociales et politiques conduites par le nouveau régime ont peu à voir avec les thèses de l'islamisme et bien plus avec une volonté de se réapproprier une histoire étatique sur la longue durée en excluant certains secteurs de la société et en remodelant les termes d'un contrat social. La coercition et la guerre ont été deux moyens essentiels pour mener à bien cette politique. Le rôle de l'environnement régional a été fondamental dans la consolidation de l'autoritarisme et dans la justification d'une trajectoire à la fois unique et conforme sous nombre d'aspects à celle d'États rentiers guerriers.
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The coming to power of the Islamists in Khartoum in June 1989 manifested the crisis of some of the regulations that guided the construction of the state in Sudan. The social and political transformations enforced by the new regime had little to do with the theses of Islamism and much more with a desire to re-appropriate a long-term state history by excluding certain sectors of the Sudanese society and reshaping the terms of a problematic social contract. Coercion and war have been two essential means of carrying out this policy. The role of the regional environment has been fundamental in the consolidation of authoritarianism and in justifying a trajectory that is both unique and, in many respects, consistent with that of warring rentier states. ; L'arrivée au pouvoir des islamistes à Khartoum en juin 1989 manifeste la crise de certaines des régulations qui ont guidé la construction de l'État au Soudan. Les transformations sociales et politiques conduites par le nouveau régime ont peu à voir avec les thèses de l'islamisme et bien plus avec une volonté de se réapproprier une histoire étatique sur la longue durée en excluant certains secteurs de la société et en remodelant les termes d'un contrat social. La coercition et la guerre ont été deux moyens essentiels pour mener à bien cette politique. Le rôle de l'environnement régional a été fondamental dans la consolidation de l'autoritarisme et dans la justification d'une trajectoire à la fois unique et conforme sous nombre d'aspects à celle d'États rentiers guerriers.
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The Nigerian era sees the development of a set of original, corporatist professional organisations, framing professional groups defined by specialised competence and university level diploma, mobilised in support of the national development project. These 'professional unions' are sometimes seen as the heirs of Ottoman corporations. The purpose of this article is to question some theoretical interpretations that have been proposed, based on universal models, and to show the value of an approach inspired by socio-history and the work of Sewell, mindful of the persistence of idiomes through breaks in history. ; International audience The Nasser era saw the development of a number of professional organizations for occupational groups defined by specialized skills and university degrees, and mobilized for the national development project. A favorite object of study for political scientists, these "professional unions" are sometimes regarded as distant heirs of Ottoman guilds. The study focuses on the examination of theoretical interpretations, based on models with universalizing ambitions, and aims at demonstrating the value of an approach inspired by social history and Sewell's work, which takes into account the persistence of idioms through historical discontinuities. ; The Nigerian era sees the development of a set of original, corporatist professional organisations, framing professional groups defined by specialised competence and university level diploma, mobilised in support of the national development project. These 'professional unions' are sometimes seen as the heirs of Ottoman corporations. The purpose of this article is to question some theoretical interpretations that have been proposed, based on universal models, and to show the value of an approach inspired by socio-history and the work of Sewell, mindful of the persistence of idiomes through breaks in history. ; L'époque nassérienne voit le développement d'un ensemble d'organisations professionnelles originales, de type corporatiste, encadrant des ...
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International audience ; The article introduces the special issue on « passeurs ». It examines whether, in diverse spatial and temporal configurations, a common sociological figure emerges in the transfer of ideas, norms and public policies : the passeurs. Passeurs are actors who work on transfer processes. Yet, the status or vocation of these actors is not specifically related to their transfer activities. Passeurs have three characteristic features that distinguish them from brokers : they are both intermediaries and producers, or intermediaries and receivers of norms ; their activity implies investing in a new social role ; and they are often secondary actors in the social fields in which they operate. Through contributions from research in international sociology and research in the sociology of public action, our dossier proposes a first analysis of the categories of passeurs into three pairs of opposition : passeurs of conviction vs. professional passeurs ; internal passeurs vs. external passeurs ; single-positioned passeurs vs. multipositioned passseurs. ; L'article introduit un dossier consacré à la figure des « passeurs ». Il examine si, dans les configurations spatiales et temporelles les plus diverses, émerge une figure sociologique commune au passage des idées, au transfert des normes et des politiques publiques : les passeurs. Ceux-ci sont des acteurs qui, certes, oeuvrent à la circulation ou au transfert, mais dont ce n'est ni le statut ni la vocation originels. Ils ont essentiellement trois caractéristiques, qui les distinguent notamment des courtiers : ils sont à la fois intermédiaires et producteurs, ou intermédiaires et récepteurs ; leur activité suppose de leur part l'investissement dans un rôle social nouveau ; ils sont souvent des acteurs secondaires des champs sociaux dans lesquels ils interviennent. Par le biais de contributions venant des recherches en sociologie de l'international et en sociologie de l'action publique, notre dossier propose une première déclinaison des catégories de ...
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International audience ; The article introduces the special issue on « passeurs ». It examines whether, in diverse spatial and temporal configurations, a common sociological figure emerges in the transfer of ideas, norms and public policies : the passeurs. Passeurs are actors who work on transfer processes. Yet, the status or vocation of these actors is not specifically related to their transfer activities. Passeurs have three characteristic features that distinguish them from brokers : they are both intermediaries and producers, or intermediaries and receivers of norms ; their activity implies investing in a new social role ; and they are often secondary actors in the social fields in which they operate. Through contributions from research in international sociology and research in the sociology of public action, our dossier proposes a first analysis of the categories of passeurs into three pairs of opposition : passeurs of conviction vs. professional passeurs ; internal passeurs vs. external passeurs ; single-positioned passeurs vs. multipositioned passseurs. ; L'article introduit un dossier consacré à la figure des « passeurs ». Il examine si, dans les configurations spatiales et temporelles les plus diverses, émerge une figure sociologique commune au passage des idées, au transfert des normes et des politiques publiques : les passeurs. Ceux-ci sont des acteurs qui, certes, oeuvrent à la circulation ou au transfert, mais dont ce n'est ni le statut ni la vocation originels. Ils ont essentiellement trois caractéristiques, qui les distinguent notamment des courtiers : ils sont à la fois intermédiaires et producteurs, ou intermédiaires et récepteurs ; leur activité suppose de leur part l'investissement dans un rôle social nouveau ; ils sont souvent des acteurs secondaires des champs sociaux dans lesquels ils interviennent. Par le biais de contributions venant des recherches en sociologie de l'international et en sociologie de l'action publique, notre dossier propose une première déclinaison des catégories de ...
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International audience ; The article introduces the special issue on « passeurs ». It examines whether, in diverse spatial and temporal configurations, a common sociological figure emerges in the transfer of ideas, norms and public policies : the passeurs. Passeurs are actors who work on transfer processes. Yet, the status or vocation of these actors is not specifically related to their transfer activities. Passeurs have three characteristic features that distinguish them from brokers : they are both intermediaries and producers, or intermediaries and receivers of norms ; their activity implies investing in a new social role ; and they are often secondary actors in the social fields in which they operate. Through contributions from research in international sociology and research in the sociology of public action, our dossier proposes a first analysis of the categories of passeurs into three pairs of opposition : passeurs of conviction vs. professional passeurs ; internal passeurs vs. external passeurs ; single-positioned passeurs vs. multipositioned passseurs. ; L'article introduit un dossier consacré à la figure des « passeurs ». Il examine si, dans les configurations spatiales et temporelles les plus diverses, émerge une figure sociologique commune au passage des idées, au transfert des normes et des politiques publiques : les passeurs. Ceux-ci sont des acteurs qui, certes, oeuvrent à la circulation ou au transfert, mais dont ce n'est ni le statut ni la vocation originels. Ils ont essentiellement trois caractéristiques, qui les distinguent notamment des courtiers : ils sont à la fois intermédiaires et producteurs, ou intermédiaires et récepteurs ; leur activité suppose de leur part l'investissement dans un rôle social nouveau ; ils sont souvent des acteurs secondaires des champs sociaux dans lesquels ils interviennent. Par le biais de contributions venant des recherches en sociologie de l'international et en sociologie de l'action publique, notre dossier propose une première déclinaison des catégories de ...
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International audience ; The article introduces the special issue on « passeurs ». It examines whether, in diverse spatial and temporal configurations, a common sociological figure emerges in the transfer of ideas, norms and public policies : the passeurs. Passeurs are actors who work on transfer processes. Yet, the status or vocation of these actors is not specifically related to their transfer activities. Passeurs have three characteristic features that distinguish them from brokers : they are both intermediaries and producers, or intermediaries and receivers of norms ; their activity implies investing in a new social role ; and they are often secondary actors in the social fields in which they operate. Through contributions from research in international sociology and research in the sociology of public action, our dossier proposes a first analysis of the categories of passeurs into three pairs of opposition : passeurs of conviction vs. professional passeurs ; internal passeurs vs. external passeurs ; single-positioned passeurs vs. multipositioned passseurs. ; L'article introduit un dossier consacré à la figure des « passeurs ». Il examine si, dans les configurations spatiales et temporelles les plus diverses, émerge une figure sociologique commune au passage des idées, au transfert des normes et des politiques publiques : les passeurs. Ceux-ci sont des acteurs qui, certes, oeuvrent à la circulation ou au transfert, mais dont ce n'est ni le statut ni la vocation originels. Ils ont essentiellement trois caractéristiques, qui les distinguent notamment des courtiers : ils sont à la fois intermédiaires et producteurs, ou intermédiaires et récepteurs ; leur activité suppose de leur part l'investissement dans un rôle social nouveau ; ils sont souvent des acteurs secondaires des champs sociaux dans lesquels ils interviennent. Par le biais de contributions venant des recherches en sociologie de l'international et en sociologie de l'action publique, notre dossier propose une première déclinaison des catégories de ...
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In: Politique: revue de la Société Québécoise de Science Politique, Heft 10, S. 133
This article aims to develop a framework for analysing the political sociology of emigration. The article focuses on the dual nature of the migration phenomenon: immigrants are also emigrants, foreigners in the legal sense are also citizens, foreigners in the social sense are also nationals, the exclusion from receiving societies are also members of the societies of origin. Of the issuing company, but no longer in this society, migrants are members whose cross-border connections and adaptation needs lead the issuing state to expand across borders; however, living abroad weakens their claims to belong. In the receiving society, but not in that society, they have access to economic and political resources that enable them to exercise influence at home; on the other hand, as foreigners, their rights are limited and their acceptance uncertain, a vulnerability which may increase when continued engagement with the country of origin gives rise to suspicion on the part of the nationals of the receiving State. This variety of conditions triggers interventions by issuing states seeking to protect and influence nationals residing abroad, but also to respond to the demands of these citizens outside the country and channel them in order to better recover them. However, the extension to the territory of a foreign country paves the way for the exercise of power, be it despotic or infrastructural, allowing only the exercise of influence. In addition, even limited commitments run the risk of igniting the passions of nationals, which are already concerned about the presence of a foreign population among them. ; This paper seeks to develop a framework for analyzing the political sociology of emigration. The paper emphasizes the dualities at the heart of the migration phenomenon: immigrants are also emigrants, aliens are also citizens, foreigners are also nationals, non-members are also members. At once of the sending state, but not in it, the migrants are members whose everyday cross-border connections and ongoing needs draw the ...
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Born from the question of how memory works, this thesis investigates the ways feminist activists evoke the past in present-day France. Drawing on Halbwach's sociology of memory and collective action theory, this work aims to shed light on how shared visions of the past can arise from a social movement as open, plural and divided as the feminist one. Based on biographical and projective interviews, on ethnographic fieldwork and on a large corpus of written archives, this thesis endeavours to demonstrate that there are three main conditions that allow for the existence of a feminist collective memory.First, owing to a strong consensus within the field of women's advocacy about the need to make women more visible in history, a "feminist duty to remember" gives political reasons for the activists to engage the past, especially the past of women, and to enact it regularly through collective action. Second, at a mesosocial level, different feminist groups tend to agree on certain representations of the past if current political debates require their union, or if their internal power relationships (defined by differences in resource allocation) allow one of them to impose their vision of the past on others. However, these convergences are so highly context-sensitive and fragile that it prevents them from paving the way for a so-called feminist "official history". Finally, at a microsocial level, the personal stories of each militant are expressed in comparable accounts and identical narrative forms. No matter how different the activists' lives may be, the statement "the personal is political" allows for a common feminist interpretation of the past, hinging on the assertion of oneself as an autonomous person. Indeed, this research shows that since the 1970s, feminists have developed practices of sharing their intimate accounts within speech groups. These practices have led activists to regularly tell their biographical story within feminist "spaces of the speakable". The thesis demonstrates that it is this process of ...
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