Suchergebnisse

The impact of religious denomination affiliation & attendance on tolerance is assessed, using data from Rs to the General Social Survey of the National Opinion Research Center for 1976, 1977, & 1980 (N = 4,285). Tolerance for atheists, communists, homosexuals, militarists, & racists, & also for the least-liked group for each R, is compared across denominations. It is found that denominational differences in political tolerance are substantial, & that frequent religious service attendees in each denomination are less tolerant than nonattenders, although the magnitude of the difference varies by denomination. These relationships remain strong after controlling for SES. Some religious denominations are less tolerant than others regardless of the object of intolerance. Some political questions suggested by these findings are noted. 6 Tables, 1 Appendix, 15 References. Modified HA.

THE LATEST REVISIONISM IN THE STUDY OF POLITICAL TOLERANCE HAS PRODUCED SOME OF THE MOST PROVOCATIVE WELL-DESIGNED RESEARCH IN THE FIELD OF POLITICAL SCIENCE. IN PARTICULAR, THE WORK BY SULLIVAN, PIERESON, AND MARCUS OFFERS ONE OF THE MOST FULLY SPECIFIED AND RIGOROUSLY EXECUTED MODELS OF PUBLIC OPINION FORMATION. YET THIS CONTEMPORARY REVISIONISM IS FLAWED. THIS PAPER ARGUES THAT THESE RESEARCHERS MISCONCEPTUALIZE TOLERANCE, THAT THIS MISCONCEPTION CONTAMINATES THEIR MEASUREMENT PROCESS, THAT THE RESULTING MODEL IS MISSPECIFIED, AND THAT THE POLITICAL CONCLUSIONS OFFERED ARE NOT SUPPORTED IN FACT OR PRINCIPLE. MORE GENERALLY THIS PAPER ARGUES THAT THE FIELD OF PUBLIC OPINION AS A WHOLE HAS BEEN TRAPPED BY LIMITED CONCEPTIONS ABOUT THE NATURE OF COGNITIVE CONSTRAINT AND BY SIMPLISTIC AND INADEQUATE METHODS FOR MEASURING AND IDENTIFYING THIS CONSTRAINT. TO REMEDY THIS, A DEVELOPMENTAL MEASURE OF COGNITIVE MORAL STAGES IS FASHIONED ALONG LINES SUGGESTED BY KOHLBERG. THIS MEASURE SATISFIES A NUMBER OF TESTS FOR BOTH VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY AND APPEARS TO BE ONE OF THE MOST POWERFUL PREDICTORS OF TOLERANCE AND INTOLERANCE-IF NOT THE MOST POWERFUL SINGLE PREDICTOR.

This study endeavors to elucidate the nature of the cultural form of nationalism flourishing in some advanced industrial countries. We perform this task by estimating a LISREL model aiming at identifying the structure of values & attitudes explaining the nationalist identity in two economically advanced regions of Spain, the Basque Country & Catalonia. We found empirical evidence showing the existence of a form of cultural nationalism whose proponents adhere to a set of liberal values, notably, political tolerance. Our findings point strongly to the emergence of a form of liberal nationalist identity, a phenomenon that departs markedly from the politically reactionary forms of rightist nationalism, which are nurtured by intolerance. Moreover, these results support the cultural nationalism theory, which differs significantly from the explanations derived from the modernization theory & from the model assuming a dichotomy between civic & ethnic nationalism. This study is the first demonstration that the reconciliation of liberalism & nationalism is empirically founded in at least two important cases of cultural nationalisms. 2 Tables, 2 Figures. Adapted from the source document.

Results show there is a strong tolerance dimension that cuts across groups and types of actions. Found strong positive effects of education on a multiple target group tolerance scale that included both left-wing and right-wing groups. Identifies why and when education enhances political tolerance. (Abstract amended)