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Economists have widely investigated the framework of politics and politicians, its mechanisms and its results. We collect some works, both theoretical and empirical, that describe some typical behaviour of politicians. In particular we focus on the following topics: political accountability, through the electoral systems and the role of citizens, the function of bureaucracy, the issue of multitasking. Finally we present a dynamic model that focuses on the degree of trust among voters.

Questo articolo illustra un confronto della lingua di sei politici italiani: Berlusconi, Bossi e D'Alema per il periodo 1994-1998 e Alfano, Renzi e Salvini per il periodo 2014-2016. I testi considerati comprendono comizi, post su Facebook e tweets. Il confronto si basa sull'analisi automatica di ricchezza e densità lessicale, incidenza del vocabolario di base e leggibilità. Lo scopo è verificare due assunti ampiamente condivisi: che la lingua dei politici sia andata semplificandosi e che i populisti comunichino in maniera più semplice degli altri leader. I risultati indicano che le due ipotesi sono in parte confermate dall'indice di leggibilità ma smentite dalle altre misurazioni. È dunque necessario riflettere sul ruolo dell'analisi automatica dei testi e sul concetto di lingua semplice. ; This paper compares the language of six Italian politicians: Berlusconi, Bossi and D'Alema during the 1994-1998 period, and Alfano, Renzi and Salvini from 2014 to 2016. Texts include speeches, Facebook posts and tweets. The comparison is based on the automatic analysis of lexical richness and density, basic vocabulary and readability. The aim is evaluating two commonly shared opinions: that the language of politicians has become simpler in time and that populists use simpler language than mainstream politicians. Results show that both hypotheses are partly confirmed by the readability index and disproved by the other measures. Thus, the role of automatic text analysis and the concept of "simple language" need to be reconsidered.

This contribution wants to participate in the deepening of Ágnes Heller's thought by focusing attention on both the concept of "utopia", proposed from the first writings in an unconventional declination, and by specifying and circumscribing that of "conversation" to the ethical and socio-more contemporary politician, in continuity with the theme of dialogue. ; This contribution wants to participate in the deepening of Ágnes Heller's thought by focusing attention on both the concept of "utopia", proposed from the first writings in an unconventional declination, and by specifying and circumscribing that of "conversation" to the ethical and socio-more contemporary politician, in continuity with the theme of dialogue.

Reviews the work of Di Meola, arguing that he offers insight on German postwar politics & a great portrayal of Brandt, union representative, philosophy expert, & politician. M. Williamson