Suchergebnisse

The master's final work analyses how manifestation of multiculturalism is explained and what the elements of multiculturalism in Lithuanian education policy are. Nowadays the conditions of globalization are opening wider possibilities for the development of multiculturalism, for the dialogue of cultures and integration. For that reason every manifestation of multiculturalism in different societies of various countries is differently understood, consequently it influences various arising problems, discussions and their solutions in the political context. The concept of multiculturalism has become stronger not so long ago and it is obviously visible in some Lithuanian education political documents. Noticeably, that multiculturalism in Lithuania is perceived primitively and is rarely discussed manifestation. The studying object of this work is Lithuanian education policy in the context of multiculturalism. The framed hypothesis in this work claims that there is no consecutive multicultural policy in Lithuania as the education policy is formed in the context of nation – ethnic policy. The narrow-minded understanding of this concept hinders to imply the policy of multiculturalism in everyday life. The work seeks open and estimates the forms of manifestation of multiculturalism in Lithuanian education policy, to analyze its peculiarities and prospects. The objectives of this work are to observe the models of multiculturalism theory and compare them with Lithuanian and other countries experience, to open how ethnic culture is understood in Lithuania, to analyze the main law documents, identify the difference between political rhetoric and law situation. Analyzing the chosen topic the qualitative estimating analysis of education policy has been fulfilled. The research has proved the hypothesis that there is no consecutive multicultural policy in Lithuania as the education policy is formed in the context of nation – ethnic policy. As the result, the narrow-minded understanding of this concept hinders to imply the policy of multiculturalism in everyday life. This master's final work consists of two parts. The first part of the work deals with working concepts and the main law resources seeking to distinguish the peculiarities of multiculturalism. The perception of multiculturalism concepts is presented within the experience of the Western European countries. The second part gives the analysis of the qualitative research of the realization of Lithuanian education policy, the answers of the respondents are compared according to certain categories, the elements of multiculturalism within Lithuanian education policy and the spheres of the important issues are discussed with the general education statistical data. As well the comparative analysis of expert – scientist officials and expert teachers is presented. Finally, the fulfilled research data show how education policy in the context of multiculturalism is organized in Lithuania.

The master's final work analyses how manifestation of multiculturalism is explained and what the elements of multiculturalism in Lithuanian education policy are. Nowadays the conditions of globalization are opening wider possibilities for the development of multiculturalism, for the dialogue of cultures and integration. For that reason every manifestation of multiculturalism in different societies of various countries is differently understood, consequently it influences various arising problems, discussions and their solutions in the political context. The concept of multiculturalism has become stronger not so long ago and it is obviously visible in some Lithuanian education political documents. Noticeably, that multiculturalism in Lithuania is perceived primitively and is rarely discussed manifestation. The studying object of this work is Lithuanian education policy in the context of multiculturalism. The framed hypothesis in this work claims that there is no consecutive multicultural policy in Lithuania as the education policy is formed in the context of nation – ethnic policy. The narrow-minded understanding of this concept hinders to imply the policy of multiculturalism in everyday life. The work seeks open and estimates the forms of manifestation of multiculturalism in Lithuanian education policy, to analyze its peculiarities and prospects. The objectives of this work are to observe the models of multiculturalism theory and compare them with Lithuanian and other countries experience, to open how ethnic culture is understood in Lithuania, to analyze the main law documents, identify the difference between political rhetoric and law situation. Analyzing the chosen topic the qualitative estimating analysis of education policy has been fulfilled. The research has proved the hypothesis that there is no consecutive multicultural policy in Lithuania as the education policy is formed in the context of nation – ethnic policy. As the result, the narrow-minded understanding of this concept hinders to imply the policy of multiculturalism in everyday life. This master's final work consists of two parts. The first part of the work deals with working concepts and the main law resources seeking to distinguish the peculiarities of multiculturalism. The perception of multiculturalism concepts is presented within the experience of the Western European countries. The second part gives the analysis of the qualitative research of the realization of Lithuanian education policy, the answers of the respondents are compared according to certain categories, the elements of multiculturalism within Lithuanian education policy and the spheres of the important issues are discussed with the general education statistical data. As well the comparative analysis of expert – scientist officials and expert teachers is presented. Finally, the fulfilled research data show how education policy in the context of multiculturalism is organized in Lithuania.

Among the so-called post-industrial countries Japan is exceptional with regard to immigration policy. Despite the supply of foreigners who would like to live and work in Japan, as well as the demand for their labour, the government succeeds to maintain its restrictive policy and construct a discourse which conceals the nature of labour migration to Japan. Based on academic literature on migration to Japan, as well as on qualitative research in Tokyo, conducted during the two-month-long fieldwork, this paper argues that the patterns in which the official discourse and the legal framework conceals labour migration push foreigners to craft their identities accordingly, and engage in "performative" migration, which, in turn, is met with suspicion from the government. Adapted from the source document.

The aim of the article is to outline the conceptual space of education policy of a comprehensive school. The article deals with the usage of the definitions "policy", "politics" and "polity" and their influence on the definition of "educational policy". Efforts are being made to distinguish relations between the definitions "public policy" and "educational policy" provided in scientific literature. The authors state that educational policy should be analyzed on several levels: national, regional, local or a particular educational institution's, e.g., school. The authors conclude that the educational policy of a school has to be considered as a whole of all purposeful actions aimed at the implementation of the strategic goals of a school. This is an activity with the contents comprising the values, priorities, goals and decisions as well as the measures of their implementation. The educational policy of a school is strongly influenced by the context. The most important role in the formulation and implementation of educational policy at a school level belongs to its leader / executive officer whose activities are oriented towards the strategic (and not tactical or administrational) level.

The aim of the article is to outline the conceptual space of education policy of a comprehensive school. The article deals with the usage of the definitions "policy", "politics" and "polity" and their influence on the definition of "educational policy". Efforts are being made to distinguish relations between the definitions "public policy" and "educational policy" provided in scientific literature. The authors state that educational policy should be analyzed on several levels: national, regional, local or a particular educational institution's, e.g., school. The authors conclude that the educational policy of a school has to be considered as a whole of all purposeful actions aimed at the implementation of the strategic goals of a school. This is an activity with the contents comprising the values, priorities, goals and decisions as well as the measures of their implementation. The educational policy of a school is strongly influenced by the context. The most important role in the formulation and implementation of educational policy at a school level belongs to its leader / executive officer whose activities are oriented towards the strategic (and not tactical or administrational) level.

The aim of the article is to outline the conceptual space of education policy of a comprehensive school. The article deals with the usage of the definitions "policy", "politics" and "polity" and their influence on the definition of "educational policy". Efforts are being made to distinguish relations between the definitions "public policy" and "educational policy" provided in scientific literature. The authors state that educational policy should be analyzed on several levels: national, regional, local or a particular educational institution's, e.g., school. The authors conclude that the educational policy of a school has to be considered as a whole of all purposeful actions aimed at the implementation of the strategic goals of a school. This is an activity with the contents comprising the values, priorities, goals and decisions as well as the measures of their implementation. The educational policy of a school is strongly influenced by the context. The most important role in the formulation and implementation of educational policy at a school level belongs to its leader / executive officer whose activities are oriented towards the strategic (and not tactical or administrational) level.

The aim of the article is to outline the conceptual space of education policy of a comprehensive school. The article deals with the usage of the definitions "policy", "politics" and "polity" and their influence on the definition of "educational policy". Efforts are being made to distinguish relations between the definitions "public policy" and "educational policy" provided in scientific literature. The authors state that educational policy should be analyzed on several levels: national, regional, local or a particular educational institution's, e.g., school. The authors conclude that the educational policy of a school has to be considered as a whole of all purposeful actions aimed at the implementation of the strategic goals of a school. This is an activity with the contents comprising the values, priorities, goals and decisions as well as the measures of their implementation. The educational policy of a school is strongly influenced by the context. The most important role in the formulation and implementation of educational policy at a school level belongs to its leader / executive officer whose activities are oriented towards the strategic (and not tactical or administrational) level.

In 2004 Lithuania implemented its two most important foreign policy goals -- became the member of the European Union & NATO. However, the country will now have to assert its status & position in the Euroatlantic community of liberal democracies. Lithuania faces an arguably more complex agenda, which has no clear end-goals or deadlines. The security challenges are difficult to identify & predict. The global & European strategic environment is best characterized by an ever-growing uncertainty: the transatlantic relations continue to be tense, Russia, paradoxically, is balancing between perspective of disintegration & re-emerging as an expansionist imperial power, & the European Union is under- going one of the most severe internal crisis in decades. At the same time, the major schools of international relations theory disagree on what to make out of the current world politics. Rationalist, neorealist authors tend to give alarmist, apocalyptic accounts of the future of the nation states if they despise the iron logic of geopolitics, whereas reflectivist, constructivist authors argue that the world is "what we make of it," & thus, can be changed. These two visions of international relations inevitably lead to different policy implications. The paper consists of two parts. In the first part, the authors address the current state of affairs in the two schools of international relations: rationalism (neorealism) & reflectivism (constructivism). In the second part, the authors interchangeably explore & compare the policy options that can be derived from the two different worldviews. The article concludes that international politics for a small state are more complex than either of the schools would suggest. Although the nature of the world politics is increasingly postmodern, a lot of actors still live in a modern world of geopolitics. Lithuanian decision makers will therefore have to "play" in accordance with postmodern rules when possible, but to remember geopolitics if necessary. Grounding their view on theoretical synthesis of constructivist & realist approaches to foreign policy, The authors asserts, that Lithuania's Euroatlantism should overshadow all other interests & problems of the society. The membership in the EU will have far reaching & long term consequences on Lithuanian society -- the same cannot be said about membership in NATO, or relations with the US. Lithuania must internalize the EU as a part of its corporate identity -- Lithuania is a part of Europe's collective identity. Therefore, Lithuanian political elite should cease to consider Europe as an object of Lithuanian foreign policy, rather it should become conscious itself as a subject of European policy contributing to its formation. Adapted from the source document.

The object of this paper is the human rights policy in the Visegrad countries. The problem of the research – the Human Rights Policy in the Visegrad countries – is a relatively new and hardly explored subject, although it is an integral part of the general post-communistic transformation. The research problem is characterized by the fact that in the sphere of human rights of the Visegrad countries, no tradition of intellectual and practical political tradition occur, and their newly formulated policies on human rights are not based on the ethos that could be considered standard or finished by the international community. The EU requirements and pressure were the main external factors boosting the development of the human rights policy in the Visegrad countries. The aim of the paper is to analyze the factors that led to the peculiarities of the national human rights policy in the Visegrad countries, and their integration to the international human rights policy. In order to reveal the above-mentioned aim, the following tasks have been formed: to reveal the characteristics of the human rights regime, as well as its legal and institutional structures; to reflect the effectiveness and effect of the protection of human rights in Europe; to assess the institutional transformations that have taken place in the national human rights policy of the Visegrad countries; to analyze the relationship between the Visegrad countries and a society in shaping the national policies on human rights; to examine the participation of the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary in the international human rights policy. After the research, in which the paper theme, its breadth, complexity, diversity and topics have been considered, a descriptive-analytical, and data analysis, as well as the semi-structured interview techniques, have been used to formulate the following conclusions. The conclusions describe the characteristics of the European human rights regime in the legal and institutional structures, as well as the lack of the accountability of legal institutions and countries, which encodes the possibility for the countries to independently choose the mechanisms and national measures for the human rights policy implementation. The features of the effective European Human Rights activity – an adequate response to the significant social problems, flexible diplomacy, as well as legal and political initiatives – can be observed. The documents connected with the human rights issue ratified by the Visegrad countries often reveal a sort of distinction between the state and its citizens, as well as its citizens and people. The remnants of the communist relics and the weak current policies on human rights lead to the passivity of a civil society in the political discourse. The research of the participation of the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary in international human rights missions/programs and organizations, has disclosed the tendency of the transformational period, i.e. the orientation towards the general context of the EU foreign policy.

The object of this paper is the human rights policy in the Visegrad countries. The problem of the research – the Human Rights Policy in the Visegrad countries – is a relatively new and hardly explored subject, although it is an integral part of the general post-communistic transformation. The research problem is characterized by the fact that in the sphere of human rights of the Visegrad countries, no tradition of intellectual and practical political tradition occur, and their newly formulated policies on human rights are not based on the ethos that could be considered standard or finished by the international community. The EU requirements and pressure were the main external factors boosting the development of the human rights policy in the Visegrad countries. The aim of the paper is to analyze the factors that led to the peculiarities of the national human rights policy in the Visegrad countries, and their integration to the international human rights policy. In order to reveal the above-mentioned aim, the following tasks have been formed: to reveal the characteristics of the human rights regime, as well as its legal and institutional structures; to reflect the effectiveness and effect of the protection of human rights in Europe; to assess the institutional transformations that have taken place in the national human rights policy of the Visegrad countries; to analyze the relationship between the Visegrad countries and a society in shaping the national policies on human rights; to examine the participation of the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary in the international human rights policy. After the research, in which the paper theme, its breadth, complexity, diversity and topics have been considered, a descriptive-analytical, and data analysis, as well as the semi-structured interview techniques, have been used to formulate the following conclusions. The conclusions describe the characteristics of the European human rights regime in the legal and institutional structures, as well as the lack of the accountability of legal institutions and countries, which encodes the possibility for the countries to independently choose the mechanisms and national measures for the human rights policy implementation. The features of the effective European Human Rights activity – an adequate response to the significant social problems, flexible diplomacy, as well as legal and political initiatives – can be observed. The documents connected with the human rights issue ratified by the Visegrad countries often reveal a sort of distinction between the state and its citizens, as well as its citizens and people. The remnants of the communist relics and the weak current policies on human rights lead to the passivity of a civil society in the political discourse. The research of the participation of the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary in international human rights missions/programs and organizations, has disclosed the tendency of the transformational period, i.e. the orientation towards the general context of the EU foreign policy.

The object of this paper is the human rights policy in the Visegrad countries. The problem of the research – the Human Rights Policy in the Visegrad countries – is a relatively new and hardly explored subject, although it is an integral part of the general post-communistic transformation. The research problem is characterized by the fact that in the sphere of human rights of the Visegrad countries, no tradition of intellectual and practical political tradition occur, and their newly formulated policies on human rights are not based on the ethos that could be considered standard or finished by the international community. The EU requirements and pressure were the main external factors boosting the development of the human rights policy in the Visegrad countries. The aim of the paper is to analyze the factors that led to the peculiarities of the national human rights policy in the Visegrad countries, and their integration to the international human rights policy. In order to reveal the above-mentioned aim, the following tasks have been formed: to reveal the characteristics of the human rights regime, as well as its legal and institutional structures; to reflect the effectiveness and effect of the protection of human rights in Europe; to assess the institutional transformations that have taken place in the national human rights policy of the Visegrad countries; to analyze the relationship between the Visegrad countries and a society in shaping the national policies on human rights; to examine the participation of the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary in the international human rights policy. After the research, in which the paper theme, its breadth, complexity, diversity and topics have been considered, a descriptive-analytical, and data analysis, as well as the semi-structured interview techniques, have been used to formulate the following conclusions. The conclusions describe the characteristics of the European human rights regime in the legal and institutional structures, as well as the lack of the accountability of legal institutions and countries, which encodes the possibility for the countries to independently choose the mechanisms and national measures for the human rights policy implementation. The features of the effective European Human Rights activity – an adequate response to the significant social problems, flexible diplomacy, as well as legal and political initiatives – can be observed. The documents connected with the human rights issue ratified by the Visegrad countries often reveal a sort of distinction between the state and its citizens, as well as its citizens and people. The remnants of the communist relics and the weak current policies on human rights lead to the passivity of a civil society in the political discourse. The research of the participation of the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary in international human rights missions/programs and organizations, has disclosed the tendency of the transformational period, i.e. the orientation towards the general context of the EU foreign policy.

The main aspect of the current study is juridical. This includes the strategy of the government regarding manors, ongoing projects, and active legal acts. The object of the current research is Lithuanian cultural policy regarding manors. The aim of the study is to investigate the strategy of manors' preservation and to examine the importance of private superintendents and various organisations in this matter. The problems of preservation and integration into the modern society as well as how these problems might be solved are also being investigated in this study.

The main aspect of the current study is juridical. This includes the strategy of the government regarding manors, ongoing projects, and active legal acts. The object of the current research is Lithuanian cultural policy regarding manors. The aim of the study is to investigate the strategy of manors' preservation and to examine the importance of private superintendents and various organisations in this matter. The problems of preservation and integration into the modern society as well as how these problems might be solved are also being investigated in this study.

The main aspect of the current study is juridical. This includes the strategy of the government regarding manors, ongoing projects, and active legal acts. The object of the current research is Lithuanian cultural policy regarding manors. The aim of the study is to investigate the strategy of manors' preservation and to examine the importance of private superintendents and various organisations in this matter. The problems of preservation and integration into the modern society as well as how these problems might be solved are also being investigated in this study.