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Abstract
Fewer women than men are involved in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields and one of the reasons might be a lack of exposure to familiar linguistic structures in reading materials designed to spark interest and to recruit new scientists. Popular science, as a multifaceted genre, creates an accessible kind of exposure to the scientific world that can potentially lead to a career in that field. Considering this potential of the genre and keeping in mind that most popular science is written by men, the present study examined fifteen articles (five written by men, five by women, and five co-written by authors of both genders) for the presence of female language. Female language was differentiated from gendered language (which is tied to female stereotypes) and identified based on the frequency of certain linguistic markers found in texts produced by women. The results demonstrate that women and teams of authors that include women write differently than men do, thus confirming previous investigations into differences in linguistic production between men and women. The study suggests that exposing young women considering a career in science to popular science written by females might be beneficial in cementing their aspirations, as language has a strong connection to self-perceived gender identity.

This paper historicizes the idea of "popular science" in the Ukrainian academic discourse in relation to contemporary approaches to "national science" (as "science proper") and places special emphasis on the introduction of regular scientific lectures to public audiences in early twentieth century Habsburg Galicia. The Shevchenko Scientific Society was the central Ukrainian association of scholars and scientists at the time. Male-dominated, and increasingly dedicated to "Ukrainoznavstvo" ("Ukrainian studies"), the Shevchenko Scientific Society paid little attention to the popularization of scientific research. The Petro Mohyla Society for Ukrainian Scientific Lectures emerged in reaction to the Shevchenko Society. Its goal was to expand public awareness of the scientific work, and its members proceeded to organize regular public lectures all over Galicia between 1909 and 1914. This paper analyzes such popularization of science, propagated by the Petro Mohyla Society, and examines the lecture audiences with regard to their location, gender, and respective interests.

The nature of popular science discourse in recent decades has acquired a convincing function, while it is addressed to an audience that is not always loyal to science. There are new requirements for writing argumentative popular science texts and they must contain arguments that depend on the target audience. The need for a broad mastery of the skill of writing well-reasoned popular science texts is associated with the issues of understanding how successfully their function has been implemented to convince the audience and thе explication of technologies that help make these texts convincing, including the creation of a database of typical basic arguments. It is believed that the methods of computer analysis used in computational rhetoric can be used to study the argumentative specifics of popular science literature, and rhetorical argumentation should be the most productive approach to argumentation in a popular science text because only it provides ways of interacting with the audience. However, there are constraints for the development of this direction that make it difficult to find and annotate arguments in a popular science text, namely: an ambiguity in understanding the argument and argumentation, modeling various arguments depending on the understanding of their structure and function, and finally, the target audience modeling. Explication of arguments in the text is possible through linguistic markers, but there is a problem of establishing the boundaries of the argument. Identifying the internal structure of text segment relationships solves this problem, however, annotating the text is sensitive to certain methods of modeling argumentation. Based on the basic model of Toulmin's argument, the special aspects of modeling rhetorical argumentation and its dependence on the target audience are illustrated. It is proposed that the concept of a universal audience can hardly be adapted to practical tasks, and criteria that are consistent with the format of truths and the format of audience values, the implementation of which could bring the target audience closer to an universal one. The author demonstrates the features in the pragma-dialectical approach, which, despite its popularity in computational rhetoric, do not allow it to be fully adapted to popular science discourse.

The article considers authors' prefaces in linguistic popular science texts. Authors of popular science texts about the language may have different professional status in relation to the subject of speech (linguistics). Based on this criterion, three types of linguistic popular science texts authors have been identified: 1) linguists who are active in scientific work; 2) linguists-popularizers; 3) authors whose professional activities are related to language practice (translators, editors, writers, etc.). It has been established that the factor of the addresser (professional status of the author) largely determines the stylistic and communicative-pragmatic specificity of the authors' prefaces.

Introduction. The present paper aims at revealing and describing the linguistic means of creating the inventor's image in the English language science popular discourse. The study also describes the use of image creation strategy and solidarity strategy. The relevance of the research is defined, firstly, by unconditional and ever-increasing public interest in scientific knowledge in the era of technological progress. Secondly, regarding the obvious importance of the human factor in the presentation of an invention from the creator's point of view makes it possible for the mass reader to interpret the science news in various ways and see the modern inventor's most typical features. Thus, analyzing the specific representation of the invention in popular science media texts the authors offer their own original conception of a modern innovator, which defines the novelty of the study. Special attention is focused on credibility and competitive nature of science popular discourse which are its integrative features.Methodology and sources. The research is based on the English language sciencepopular media texts – Popular Mechanics, Mit News Education, Science Daily, Interesting Engineering, SciTechDaily. For the selection of technically-focused media texts the continuously sampling method was used. The general methodology of studying image creation strategy and solidarity strategy also includes the method of semantic analysis, the method of semantic-stylistic analysis, elements of communicative-pragmatic analysis and the method of contextual analysis.Results and discussion. Image creation strategy and solidarity strategy are implemented in science popular discourse mainly on lexical and syntactic levels and imply the use of stylistic devices. Each of the strategies mentioned above matches a certain type of science popularized texts about inventions and discoveries. The first type is about the selfpresentation of the innovator, and has its own linguistic features. The second type includes the description of an invention from the position of scientific community. The significant result of the study is the conclusion about the diverse nature of the inventor's media image.Conclusion. The study of the linguistic specific of the inventor's image allows a deeper understanding of the anthropocentric nature of an invention itself. The last one is inseparable from its creator being the result of scientific activity and professional ambitions, as well as the personal growth condition. The chosen methodology can be applied for further research and to similar studies of the creator and his creation based on texts of different profile.