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Over the centuries, the circulation of scientific ideas has been granted in one or a limited number of languages. Despite the advantages of avoiding a scientific Babel, popular science is largely communicated to the public using their first language(s), and is often the result of translation from other languages – most notably English. While science may partly be communicated to the public for information, at the leading edge of research it is often popularised for its newsworthiness and/or to involve the public in debates concerning social issues or political decisions. The question addressed in this paper is how the 'news' elements in popular science are mediated in the target language and culture and to what extent processes such as rewriting, transediting and transcreation are at work. Methods and strategies for science communication are compared and contrasted using an Italian and English parallel/comparable corpus of newspaper, magazine and news agency articles reporting on the recent scientific controversy over vaccines. Corpus articles are collected using the LexisNexis database. Data are checked against a small monitor corpus of key articles collected as the controversies developed. Within corpus texts, mediating strategies are tested and issues concerning the achievement of intended effects in scientific controversy popularizations are considered. The discourse of controversies will be investigated in translation as a test case for rewriting, transediting or transcreation with an eye to different audiences, while bearing in mind that the ease of communication and circulation of ideas may have blurred cultural specificities and impacted the presentation of scientific topics to some extent.

Over the centuries, the circulation of scientific ideas has been granted in one or a limited number of languages. Despite the advantages of avoiding a scientific Babel, popular science is largely communicated to the public using their first language(s), and is often the result of translation from other languages – most notably English. While science may partly be communicated to the public for information, at the leading edge of research it is often popularised for its newsworthiness and/or to involve the public in debates concerning social issues or political decisions. The question addressed in this paper is how the 'news' elements in popular science are mediated in the target language and culture and to what extent processes such as rewriting, transediting and transcreation are at work. Methods and strategies for science communication are compared and contrasted using an Italian and English parallel/comparable corpus of newspaper, magazine and news agency articles reporting on the recent scientific controversy over vaccines. Corpus articles are collected using the LexisNexis database. Data are checked against a small monitor corpus of key articles collected as the controversies developed. Within corpus texts, mediating strategies are tested and issues concerning the achievement of intended effects in scientific controversy popularizations are considered. The discourse of controversies will be investigated in translation as a test case for rewriting, transediting or transcreation with an eye to different audiences, while bearing in mind that the ease of communication and circulation of ideas may have blurred cultural specificities and impacted the presentation of scientific topics to some extent.

In face with the rapid development of information technology, with the special agricultural policy of our country, this paper advocates an information-based exploration into the construction of new operational models in order to answer the question as to how agricultural popular science periodicals can cope with the ever-changing global market economy. This paper also attempts to investigate the problems we are bound to face. Key words: periodicals, models, new systems Résumé: Face au développement rapide de technologie informatique et en tenant compte de la politique agricole spéciale de la Chine, on propose, dans cet artciel, de rechercher un nouveau modèle de la pubilcation de périodique en vulgarisation scientifique afin de s'adapter à l'économie du marché globailsée qui change d'un moment à l'autre. On fait aussi des démonstrations et des recherches sur les problèmes qu'on y rencontrera. Mots-clés: périodique, modèle, nouveau système 摘要:面對資訊技術的迅速發展,就農業科普期刊在我國特有的農業政策環境下,如何適應瞬息萬變的全球化市場經濟,提出以資訊化手段探索構建經營運作新模式。並就必須直面的問題進行了論證探索。 關鍵詞:期刊;模式;新體系

Los tesauros son herramientas de organización del conocimiento necesarias para el control de la información. Muchos no se actualizan con la necesaria frecuencia, reduciendo considerablemente su utilidad. Este trabajo tiene como objetivos, analizar el grado de actualización de los tesauros de la Unesco y Unión Europea (Eurovoc); y determinar la capacidad de las noticias de divulgación científica de ser usadas para efectuar esa renovación. Para ello se han extraído palabras clave a partir de titulares de artículos de divulgación científica, publicados en prensa digital. A continuación, mediante técnicas de Recuperación de Información (N-gramas y Apache Solr) se buscaron equivalencias con los tesauros mencionados anteriormente. Los datos obtenidos permiten confirmar que ninguno de los macro-tesauros debe utilizarse para describir noticias de divulgación científica, ya que buena parte de las palabras clave extraídas no se recogían en estos. Sin embargo sí pueden emplearse como base para la construcción de otros vocabularios de organización del conocimiento. Por otro lado, una revisión más frecuente es necesaria y obligatoria. La inclusión de nuevos términos y la redefinición de las relaciones entre los ya existentes incrementarían incuestionablemente la calidad de las herramientas analizadas. Las noticias de divulgación resultan adecuadas para dicha actualización, constituyendo auténticos yacimientos de conceptos y términos. ; Abstract Thesauri are knowledge organization tools necessary to control information, but many of them are not up- dating with the frequency required, it reduces their usefulness. This paper aims to analyze the updating degree of UNESCO thesaurus and European Union thesaurus (EUROVOC) and determine if popular sci- ence news are useful for this renovation. In this work, keywords were extracted from headlines. After, using Information Retrieval techniques (N-grams and Apache Solr) they were searched in both thesauri to find equivalences. Data obtained let us confirm that none of these macro-thesauri should be used to de- scribe popular science news, although both of them can be used as a base for building other knowledge organization vocabularies. On the other hand, a more frequent review is necessary. Inclusion of new terms and redefinition of relationships between them is un- questionable to increase the quality of analyzed tools. Popular science news are adequate to this purpose, they constitute real sources of concepts and terms.

Abstract In this article we reflect on Education in Natural Sciences, from our educational experiences with teachers in the public system, social movements and political organizations. These experiences serve as a base from which we can glimpse new paths, in a dialogue with a diversity of theoretical references from different disciplines and areas. We intend to continue thinking about a critical pedagogy in the natural and technological worlds with the objective of strengthening processes of social transformation.

The article is devoted to the issue, which has not been actually studied in bibliology and culture studies − the origin and formation of noniction books and periodicals as an independent genre in Russia. Indeed, today, when the circulation of popular science periodicals dropped by several orders of magnitude compared with the end of the 1980s, it seems highly improbable that in Russia, destroyed by the First World War and the Civil War, that popular scientiic literature amounted more than a third (36 %) of total books production. Even political literature noticeably lagged behind this igure. Based on rich archival, bibliographic and statistical material of the second half of the XVIII − beginning of the XXI century, found in the inaccessible primary sources, many of which have become a rarity, the author makes an attempt to reconstruct the social mechanisms of formation of the popular science genre. It is shown that one can not speak about the popular science genre as a once and for all formed phenomenon. The complexity of a clear deinition of the genre of scientiic popularization is explained by the fact that this genre is essentially historical. The author suggests using a model of the historical dynamics of the popular science genre he has developed – "Popular Science" / "Industrial Education" / "Entertaining Science" / "Nauchpop" (Popular Science 2.0) – in the analysis of the evolution of forms of popularization of science in Russia. It is shown that in our country the development of scientiic popularization began approximately a century later than in the West, having bypassed the Popular Science stage. In fact, this stage was combined with the stage of the "Industrial Education". It is important to keep in mind, at least in order to adequately deine the subject in the course of today's multiple discussions about the place and role of science popularization in society.

En este artículo reflexionamos sobre la Educación en Ciencias a partir de nuestras experiencias educativas junto con docentes en el sistema público, movimientos sociales y organizaciones políticas. Estas experiencias nos sirven de suelo desde donde vislumbrar nuevos caminos en diálogo con una diversidad de referencias teóricas de distintas disciplinas y espacios. Buscamos seguir pensando una pedagogía crítica sobre los mundos sociales, naturales y tecnológicos que tenga como objetivo el fortalecimiento de procesos de transformación social. ; In this article we reflect on Education in Natural Sciences, from our educational experiences with teachers in the public system, social movements and political organizations. These experiences serve as a base from which we can glimpse new paths, in a dialogue with a diversity of theoretical references from different disciplines and areas. We intend to continue thinking about a critical pedagogy in the natural and technological worlds with the objective of strengthening processes of social transformation. ; Cet article aborde l'Éducation en Sciences à partir de nos expériences éducatives auprès des professeurs de l'enseignement public, des mouvements sociaux et d'organisations politiques. Ces expériences nous ont servi de base pour déceler, en dialogue avec une diversité de références théoriques issues de différentes disciplines et d'espaces disctincts.de nouvelles voies de travail. Nous avons essayé de penser toujours à une pédagogie critique concernant les mondes sociaux, naturels et technologiques dont l'objectif est de renforcer les processus de transformation sociale. ; Neste artigo refletimos sobre a Educação em Ciências a partir das nossas experiências educativas com professores do sistema público, movimentos sociais e organizações políticas. Essas experiências representam uma base da qual vislumbramos novos caminhos, ao dialogar com uma diversidade de referências teóricas de diferentes disciplinas e espaços. Tentamos continuar pensando em uma pedagogia crítica sobre os mundos sociais, naturais e tecnológicos cujo objetivo seja o fortalecimento de processos de transformação social. ; Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos

Popular values led by wisdom wisdom is one of the values that should be an orientation in the formation of Indonesian law. With this value, the resulting law is not only democratic but also guided by wisdom wisdom which is oriented to the benefit of the nation, not to groups, groups or individuals. Through the development of populist values-oriented legal science, legal products produced will have a responsive, even progressive, pro-life and welfare character of the Indonesian nation.

Issued under various titles. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; "Author's preface to the revised edition" signed: Israel Smith Clare.

Modern Americans are exposed to scientific and technical information on a daily basis that urges them to react as well as learn about new ideas. The popular science writing that circulates this information must be portrayed in a way that makes it easy for lay people to understand complicated ideas while at the same time remaining complex enough to convince readers that the information is reliable, accurate, and worth learning. In making decisions about how to accomplish this balancing act, science writers make decisions that influence the audience's opinion about new scientific ideas, how easily the audience will accept or reject these ideas, and how the audience will react to the new information. In order to be as influential as possible on their audience, science writers must take full advantage of rhetorical kairos, or opportune timing. For this, they must keep in mind not only the chronological time and physical space, but issues including political maneuverings, society's morals, popular culture, and a myriad of other considerations. Any text must be influenced by the kairos that exists both before the text is created and during the presentation. In addition, each text helps create a new kairos for texts that come after. This is especially true in the field of popular science writing. Al Gore's An Inconvenient Truth is a useful text for analysis of this process, as he portrays scientific information to a lay audience in order to promote acceptance of a controversial idea and to encourage action based on that acceptance. Because he is working on a delicate topic for the time, Gore had to rely heavily on the kairos of the moments before and during his presentations, and he created a fertile kairos for continuation of the environmental discussion. ; 2011-08-01 ; M.A. ; Arts and Humanities, Department of English ; Masters ; This record was generated from author submitted information.

The past 15 years have seen dramatic changes in social norms around sex and sexuality in the UK and worldwide. In 2011, the London Natural History Museum (NHM) contributed to these debates by opening the temporary exhibition Sexual Nature, which aimed to provide 'a candid exploration of sex in the natural world' whilst also drawing in an under-represented audience of young adults. Sexual Nature provides an opportunity to explore MacDonald's 'politics of display' in the mutual construction of (public) scientific knowledge, society and sexuality, at a time of intense contestation over sexual norms. Whilst Sexual Nature both reflected and contributed to major reframings of sexuality and what science can say about it, the assumption that it would be possible to present this topic as morally neutral, reliable and uncontested, in line with traditions of public science, proved to be problematic. The language of the exhibition moved back and forth between human/animal similarity and difference, and between scientific and cultural tropes as the NHM tried to maintain epistemic authority whilst also negotiating the moral boundaries of acceptable sexual behaviour. The topic of sex pushed the museum far beyond its usual expertise in the natural sciences towards the unfamiliar territory of the social and human, resulting in an ad hoc search for, and negotiation with, alternative sources of expertise. Boon et al's co-curation approach to exhibition building has the potential to extend the NHM's audience driven strategy, whilst also producing a more coherent and nuanced exhibition about the science of sex.