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"Population-based survey experiments have become an invaluable tool for social scientists struggling to generalize laboratory-based results, and for survey researchers besieged by uncertainties about causality. Thanks to technological advances in recent years, experiments can now be administered to random samples of the population to which a theory applies. Yet until now, there was no self-contained resource for social scientists seeking a concise and accessible overview of this methodology, its strengths and weaknesses, and the unique challenges it poses for implementation and analysis. Drawing on examples from across the social sciences, this book covers everything you need to know to plan, implement, and analyze the results of population-based survey experiments. But it is more than just a 'how to' manual. This lively book challenges conventional wisdom about internal and external validity, showing why strong causal claims need not come at the expense of external validity, and how it is now possible to execute experiments remotely using large-scale population samples. Designed for social scientists across the disciplines, Population-Based Survey Experiments provides the first complete introduction to this methodology"--Provided by publisher4207 Population-based survey experiments have become an invaluable tool for social scientists struggling to generalize laboratory-based results, and for survey researchers besieged by uncertainties about causality. Thanks to technological advances in recent years, experiments can now be administered to random samples of the population to which a theory applies. Yet until now, there was no self-contained resource for social scientists seeking a concise and accessible overview of this methodology, its strengths and weaknesses, and the unique challenges it poses for implementation and analysis. Dra

Panels of experts rated how they expect collaborative practice agreements between pharmacists and physicians for dispensing naloxone to affect four outcomes and rated this policy on four implementation criteria.

AbstractBetween 2006 and 2021, the Hungarian Twin Registry (HTR) operated a volunteer twin registry of all age groups (50% monozygotic [MZ], 50% dizygotic [DZ], 70% female, average age 34 ± 22 years), including 1044 twin pairs, 24 triplets and one quadruplet set. In 2021, the HTR transformed from a volunteer registry into a population-based one, and it was established in the Medical Imaging Centre of Semmelweis University in Budapest. Semmelweis University's innovation fund supported the development of information technology, a phone bank and voicemail infrastructure, administrative materials, and a new website was established where twins and their relatives (parent, foster parent or caregiver) can register. The HTR's biobank was also established: 157,751 individuals with a likely twin-sibling living in Hungary (77,042 twins, 1194 triplets, 20 quadruplets, and one quintuplet) were contacted between February and March of 2021 via sealed letters. Until November 20, 2022, 12,001 twin individuals and their parents or guardians (6724 adult twins, 3009 parents/guardians and 5277 minor twins) registered, mostly online. Based on simple self-reports, 37.6% of the registered adults were MZ twins and 56.8% were DZ; 1.12% were triplets and 4.5% were unidentified. Of the registered children, 22.3% were MZ, 72.7% were DZ, 1.93% were triplets, and 3.05% were unidentified. Of the registered twins, 59.9% were female (including both the adult and minor twins). The registration questionnaire consists of eight parts, including socio-demographic and anthropometric data, smoking habits and medical questions (diseases, operations, therapies). Hungary's twin registry has become the sole and largest population-based twin registry in Central Eastern Europe. This new resource will facilitate performing world-class modern genetic research.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and characteristics of exertional rhabdomyolysis (ER) in a population-based cohort. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was performed in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 2003–2015. Incident ER cases were ascertained through the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) medical record linkage system through electronic searches of ICD-9 codes and clinical note text. Population incidence rate was calculated using corresponding calendar-year- and sex specific REP census populations. Descriptive statistics were used. RESULTS: 431 cases in 430 patients met inclusion criteria for rhabdomyolysis; 4.9% of cases (n= 20; males n=18; Caucasian n=17) were ER, with one recurrence. There were no deaths secondary to ER. The age and sex adjusted incidence rate of ER was 1.06 ± 0.24 (95% CI 0.59–1.52) per 100,000 person-years. Endurance activity (n=7), manual labor (n=5), and weight lifting (n=4) were common causes. Complications included kidney injury (n=5), mild electrolyte abnormalities (n=10), elevated transaminases (n=12), and minor electrocardiographic abnormalities (n=4). A majority of patients were hospitalized (n=16) for a median of two days, had mild abnormalities in renal and liver function, and electrolytes; and were discharged without sequelae. CONCLUSION: ER in the civilian population occurs at a much lower incidence than the military population. The most common causes were endurance exercise, manual labor, and weight lifting. The majority of cases were treated conservatively with intravenous fluid resuscitation during a brief hospital stay, and all were discharged without sequela. Only one case of recurrence occurred in this cohort, indicating the recurrence rate was low.