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This study addressed the triangular relations between Latin America, Beijing and Washington in the last 15 years using a process tracing technique on the economic and political models of the region. It specifically focused on the South American development during the post-Washington Consensus era, as well as the expanding influence of China over this region. The aim of this paper was to transmit the idea that the failure of neoliberalism in the 90s together with the expansionism of China have shaped the contemporary political and economic arena among the countries of South America. This work could help to understand the historical process of the construction of develop paradigms on the region and its impact on the society.

Gunnar Myrdal offers a pragmatic extension of the Weber-Rickert solution to the value-incommensurability problem in post-Enlightenment. The notion of Myrdal as a more radical Weberian than Weber himself calls for further investigation of "Science, Values, and Politics in Gunnar Myrdal's methodology". Myrdal recurrently confirms his deep allegiance to Axel Hagerstrom's radical anti-metaphysics, but actually denies Weberian influences on his way to apply explicit value premises as a vehicle to avoid uncontrolled value intrusion in policy analyses, despite obvious affinities. A public intellectual can hardly avoid to "beat the drum" for some values, which cannot satisfy any criteria of truth. The use of significant social movements as norm-senders provides a problematic way out of the problem of value-polytheism in the post-Enlightenment era and the necessity and anxiety of choice in late Modernity, even if it remains unresolved philosophically. This is the solution Myrdal applies. Weber's and Myrdal's common project is the rationalization of value hierarchies for instrumental policy analyses. Myrdal goes one step further, "operationalizing" a solution to the norm-sender problem, for intersubjective means-end-analyses. An American Dilemma is an exemplary work, with its list of explicit postulated premises. Adapted from the source document.

During the year 2007 the Swedish Political Science Society conducted an investigation aimed at determining the degree of gender equality within the field of political science. Toward this end, they focused on universities and colleges. Since conditions of equality are considered to be relatively good among students, this investigation, which builds on earlier equality studies at political science institutions, focuses particularly on conditions at higher (i.e., post-doctorate) levels where disparities still exist. Of particular interest are employment conditions, which can significantly influence men's and women's desire to remain at a particular institution or within their chosen field. While not proposing solutions to problems found, those conducting the study have found that it raises further questions. Among these questions are: What is the gender distribution of persons in trusted positions, including temporary posts? Do women receive, on a par with men, support, including grants, in furthering their academic careers? Finally, the article considers the challenge to equality posed by the fact that, as women are embarking on their careers they are also often starting families, and even the well-educated among them continue to bear a disproportionate burden of the responsibility for care-giving in the home. Adapted from the source document.

From comparative research on the constitutional development in Central & Eastern Europe & also from the long-standing debate on whether parliamentarism or presidentialism best facilitates democracy, it is apparent that there has been & continues to be, a certain degree of confusion concerning the concepts of semi-presidentialism & presidentialism. Different scholars mean different things by the terms & therefore classify countries differently. In this article I argue that the conceptual dichotomy between pro-premiar (premier-presidentialism) & pro-president systems (president-parliamentary systems) provide the best solution to several of the problems related to categorizing constitutional types, most importantly perhaps to the presidential power dilemma. I, furthermore, employ these concepts on the post-communist constitutional systems & try to reveal patterns with regard to presidential power, geographical region & democratzsation. 6 Tables, 3 Figures, 51 References. Adapted from the source document.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar la relación entre funcionalidad familiar y ansiedad estado-rasgo en adolescentes de una unidad educativa de Guayaquil, Ecuador. La investigación se realizó bajo un paradigma post-positivista utilizando un enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental de corte transversal, con alcances descriptivo y correlacional. La muestra estuvo conformada por 218 adolescentes con edades entre 12 y 17 años seleccionados por un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia con criterios de inclusión. Los instrumentos analizados fueron el Cuestionario de Funcionamiento Familiar (FF-SIL) y el Cuestionario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo, teniendo como resultado un predominio del funcionamiento familiar moderado en el 48,6 % de la población y niveles medios tanto en ansiedad-estado (45,9 %) como en ansiedad-rasgo (48,6 %). Además, se encontró una correlación negativa y significativa entre funcionalidad familiar y ambos tipos de ansiedad, es decir, la ansiedad-estado (rs = -0,476) y ansiedad-rasgo (rs = -0,567).

It is widely known that effective readers are those who have appropriately developed reading skills. If those skills are not developed, the readers will not achieve the levels of perception needed to solve problems or pass academic tests, neither in their mother tongue nor in a foreign language. For this reason, it is imperative to find the right strategies to enhance reading comprehension in English as Foreign Language (EFL) learners. One of those strategies is the use of graphic organizers, and this study aimed to measure the extent to which it influences the development of reading comprehension of Unidad Educativa Joaquin Lalama students, in Ambato-Ecuador. 40 students in the control group and 35 students in the experimental group constituted the sample. The data was collected through the observation technique and the comparison of results from a reading comprehension pre-test and post-test. Finally, this study found the use of graphic organizers to be effective for developing reading comprehension in the subjects observed.

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo mostrar el patrimonio florístico de nuestro país por medio de la aplicación de los estilos fotográficos: romántico, descriptivo y gráfico/abstracto en la creación de un fotolibro sobre el florecimiento del guayacán en la parroquia de Mangahurco, provincia de Loja. El enfoque de la investigación es de carácter cualitativo bajo la metodología descriptiva, el cual tiene como propósito mostrar en detalle el acontecimiento de la floración del guayacán a través de la fotografía. Los datos obtenidos provienen de diversas fuentes como son: documentos, entrevistas directas a las autoridades de la población, diálogos con expertos en el área agronómica y botánica, y la observación participante con los pobladores. Posteriormente se procedió a la recopilación fotográfica del lugar, de esa manera se pudo realizar una clasificación tipológica por medio de fichas técnicas y descriptivas de las fotografías, lo que permitió realizar la producción y post producción del fotolibro bajo conceptos fundamentales de diseño y composición.

The professional communicators inside the Swedish Government Office are today 140 (compared to a single one 40 years ago & just twenty 15 years ago), giving support to the idea that the media now has a major impact on everyday business inside the Government. This article shows that this partly true, as the media mainly have an effect on the politicians, the partisan ministerial staff & the communicators. But the relationship between the Government Offices & the media could also be turned around. The Government have resources for external communication no lesser than an international news agency's, & does oil a daily basis deliver an impressive amount of press releases & conferences -- and information leaks -- that the media has to handle. This article examines & analyses how the Swedish Government Offices, through new posts, units & strategies, has institutionalized & centralized its' media contacts during the last 40 years, as well as the reasons & the internal consequences of this development. Adapted from the source document.

La presente investigación analiza cómo el ecosistema mediático favorece la creación y proliferación de fake news, tomando como estudio de caso la fanpage El Mercioco durante el estado de excepción de 2020 en Ecuador. La metodología aplicada responde al enfoque cualitativo a través de entrevistas a expertos en el tema y de análisis de contenido, donde se tomó en cuenta el número de seguidores de la fanpage, la cantidad de publicaciones en el período comprendido entre marzo y junio de 2020, el tipo de fake news difundidas en la plataforma y las reacciones de la audiencia, simbolizadas por la cantidad de likes, número de veces que los post fueron compartidos y los comentarios del público. Como resultado se determinó que los temas más propensos a ser foco de noticias falsas son los de carácter político y de salud, ya que justamente durante el período de análisis de la página estudiada, ocurrió la crisis sanitaria por la COVID-19 y se originaron casos de corrupción, relacionados con insumos médicos, en hospitales públicos del país.

El estudio de los aspectos positivos de la vida humana como el amor, la felicidad o la sabiduría tiene un papel relevante en la investigación psicológica, en especial para explotar el potencial humano innato. El objetivo de esta investigación se direcciona a conocer la relación entre los niveles de sabiduría y felicidad en una muestra de docentes de enseñanza secundaria de Ecuador. Mediante un paradigma post-positivista se recurrió a una metodología de tipo descriptiva, comparativa por género, correlacional y de corte transversal por medio de las pruebas escala tridimensional de sabiduría y cuestionario de felicidad de Oxford. En el estudio participaron 210 individuos (70,5 % femenino y 29,5 % masculino), con edades entre 20 a 60 años, docentes de enseñanza secundaria. El análisis mostró presencia de sabiduría moderada y de felicidad alta-moderada. No se presentan diferencias por género en las variables de interés (p> .05). Se encontró una relación baja positiva entre las variables de análisis con r= ,371; p< .01, por tanto, la sabiduría se relaciona con la felicidad, al ser un componente complementario en el desarrollo de la misma. Los hallazgos aportan información relevante para el desarrollo de la psicología positiva.

Faced with the COVID-19 pandemic, the education system moved to virtual mode, causing teachers to change methodologies, strategies, and teaching resources in order to be used for teaching-learning processes. The impediment of entering to Chemistry laboratories motivated the use of simulators and virtual laboratories as resources linked to learning. Present study determines the efficacy of these resources, the research is quantitative with a correlational level and a quasiexperimental design with post-test. The applied method was the heuristic and assumes Ausubel's theory of significant learning. The study population comprises 188 students enrolled during the period November 2020- April 2021 in the career of Pedagogy of Experimental Sciences, Chemistry and Biology. The sampling technique was intentional non-probabilistic and corresponds to the second, third and fifth semester students of the subjects of General Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry and Chemical Physics respectively. At the end of the investigation, it was determined that the PhET simulator and the virtual laboratories: Crocodile Chemistry605 and Yenka allowed feedback and motivation in each guided virtual experimental activity; not existing a significant difference in the academic performance of the students, who in their majority reached the learning results.

La investigación aplica las estrategias de Isabel Solé en los educandos de quinto grado de primaria de la Institución Educativa Nº 146 su Santidad Juan Pablo II - San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima, para incrementar los niveles de comprensión lectora, (literal e inferencial), demostrando la importancia significativa de las estrategias de Isabel Solé en los procesos de lectura (antes, durante y después) de su aplicación. El proceso permitió seleccionar de manera sistemática los grupos de trabajo (grupo de estudio – grupo de control), aplicando al grupo de estudio un pretest, un postest y diez lecturas, en sesiones de aprendizajes, que sirvieron para incrementar el índice de comprensión lectora, considerando el interés y la necesidad de los educandos. Tomando en cuenta los resultados obtenidos, se manifiesta que existe dificultad en la comprensión lectora: en el nivel inferencial, el 94.3% de los estudiantes se encuentra en el nivel: en inicio y el 5.7% se encuentran en el nivel: en proceso; mientras que, se evidencia que ningún estudiante muestra niveles destacados. Por otro lado, en el nivel literal, el 25.7% de estudiantes se ubicó en el nivel: logro destacado y un 42.9% en el nivel: logro previsto.