Suchergebnisse

The influence of tradition, historical & political experience of Central-Eastern Europe & Latin America countries on the transformation vector of Chief Magistrate institution is highlighted in the article. It is defined that various modifications of Chief Magistrate institution are a sequence to the political systems Central-Eastern Europe & Latin America countries in most essential periods of socially-state development are changed under the influence of different factors, that unite in itself both constitutionally-legal descriptions & signs of nationalpolitical culture, the state history, its mental constituents. ; The influence of tradition, historical & political experience of Central-Eastern Europe & Latin America countries on the transformation vector of Chief Magistrate institution is highlighted in the article. It is defined that various modifications of Chief Magistrate institution are a sequence to the political systems Central-Eastern Europe & Latin America countries in most essential periods of socially-state development are changed under the influence of different factors, that unite in itself both constitutionally-legal descriptions & signs of nationalpolitical culture, the state history, its mental constituents.

The influence of tradition, historical & political experience of Central-Eastern Europe & Latin America countries on the transformation vector of Chief Magistrate institution is highlighted in the article. It is defined that various modifications of Chief Magistrate institution are a sequence to the political systems Central-Eastern Europe & Latin America countries in most essential periods of socially-state development are changed under the influence of different factors, that unite in itself both constitutionally-legal descriptions & signs of nationalpolitical culture, the state history, its mental constituents. ; The influence of tradition, historical & political experience of Central-Eastern Europe & Latin America countries on the transformation vector of Chief Magistrate institution is highlighted in the article. It is defined that various modifications of Chief Magistrate institution are a sequence to the political systems Central-Eastern Europe & Latin America countries in most essential periods of socially-state development are changed under the influence of different factors, that unite in itself both constitutionally-legal descriptions & signs of nationalpolitical culture, the state history, its mental constituents.

It is defined the specific scientific definition of lustration, as political practices in the countries of postcomunìsm. In particular, two approaches are outlines: the traditional – removing individuals from participating in political life or legal punishment for actions during the previous regime, retroactive – disclosure of information about certain actions and the persons that were considered criminal, punishment in this case was primarily a moral character. It is outlined the five factors that determine the success of the lustration procedure: the moral authority and the political will of the new Government; support the idea of cleansing, upgrading power structures in society; the presence of the legislative framework that meets the standards of international law and based on the world experience; saving archives (documents), based on which you can set the criminal actions of the authorities; the existence of personnel, capable and worthy to carry out the lustration law. It has been determined the specifics of the practice of lustration in the post-Communist Czech Republic, which was carried out in the accordance with the traditional approach of the scientific definition of the term. It was suspended three categories from the political governance in the new state: Security Service (StB); citizens who studied (finished) the higher school of KGB and the similar institutions; the party and state leaders of the former regime. It was proved, that the Czech lustration began simultaneously with the transformational changes and was the part of the process of decommunization designed to protect, above all, the new state from the abuse of the authoritarian past (a perspective class). The Czech Republic is one of the few countries of post-Communism, where this practice has the complete character from the legal standpoint. A revolutionary content of the transformation led to a rapid adoption of the legislation on lustration: under the pressure of the society new elites were forced to go to the unpopular changes contrary to the understandings and personal prejudices. ; Окреслено специфіку люстраційної практики у посткомуністичній Чехії. Обґрунтовано, що у Чехії люстрація розпочалась одночасно з трансформаційними змінами і була частиною процесу декомунізації, направленого на захист, перш за все, нової держави від зловживань авторитарного минулого (перспективний тип). Чехія одна з небагатьох країн посткомунізму, де ця практика мала завершений характер у правовому аспекті. Революційний зміст змін обумовив достатньо швидке прийняття законів про люстрацію: під тиском суспільства нові еліти вимушені були піти на непопулярні зміни, всупереч домовленостям та особистим упередженням.

Introduction. Customs control is one of the fundamental elements of ensuring not only customs security, but also the security of the national economy as a whole. In order to block and prevent the threats to the customs security of Ukraine, customs, within it competence, are obliged to use the most effective instruments of customs control. Today, one of the tasks of Ukrainian customs is the introduction of a modern, effective system of post-release audit, which focuses on risky economic operators, and the simplification of international trade procedures for persons, who work without violating customs rules.Purpose. Analysis the existing mechanisms of selection companies for conducting the post-clearance audit and identifying the directions for developing the system of risk criterias for selection economic operators for conducting a post-clearance audit in Ukraine.Results. The study substantiates proposals in developing the system of risk criterias for selection economic operators for conducting a post-clearance audit in Ukraine. It was analyzed international, national foreign and Ukrainian legislation on risk management during customs control. The experience of the advanced states on risk management and using of the risk management system during post-clearance control were explored. According to the results of analysis of the international standards it was detected and proved discrepancy of the Ukrainian risk management system in part of economic operators assessment within post-clearance audit. The article proposes to use automated risk system for selection economic operators for conducting a post-clearance audit in Ukraine and describes components and tools of the system. It is also proposed to introduce certain amendments to the Customs Code of Ukraine.Originality. Proposed recommendations and developed components of risk system for selection economic operators for conducting a post-clearance audit in Ukraine: main aspects of risk analysis during customs audit, analysis area to identify riskiness, objects of analysis, classification of risk criterias, peculiarities of organization of work with the system of selection of enterprises, reaction on risks within the framework of Ukrainian legislation.Conclusion. In accordance with the international commitments, undertaken by Ukraine and in order to increase the level of state economic security, it is necessary to improve the work of post-clearance audit. The introduction of a risk management system for post-release control will allow the creation of an information space that includes information on previous audits and checks, violations, identified risks, causes and conditions, that conducive to non-compliance with legislation by economic operators, assessment of the effectiveness of detection activities, risk analysis and identifying risks. This will ensure timely detection and prevention of violations of customs legislation of Ukraine.

Modern society is on the stage, which is characterized by new economic and ideological positions. With the development of information in today's world, humanity is moving to a new stage of development, namely the post-industrial society whose core values is information and knowledge. Purpose. Description of industrial society and the definition of stage the development of Ukrainian society today. Results. Physical work is changing by mental work in most developed countries since the 20th century. The intellectual potential of human, her skills and ability is the main resource in the post-industrial society. The representatives of intellectual work are appearing in the job market. These workers are the joint owners and separating gains. It is serving as encouragement to enhance of their creativity. This situation leads to a decent financial reward and improving of material living standards and is a potential incentive for new motivational system. The gained knowledge applied in the production process and provided the main source of added value. It makes the human and her work a basic mechanism of post-industrial economy. The negative factor is the trends in labor migration, namely the departure of skilled workers overseas. Originality. Attempt of Ukrainian society enter into European economic and political space indicates the presence in Ukrainian youth especially creative approach to labor relations on this day. Ukrainians are oriented to individual success, recognition in society, professionalism, competitive and this shows their awareness in construction of post-industrial society. Conclusion. Service industry, recreation and education play a primary role in post-industrial society. Investment in human capital is needed for Ukraine to improve the quality and results of work.

Abstract. On the horizon of literary criticism today, text just does not have a general meaning, but any text is in a state of waiting to read readers and reproduce new meanings. Shakespeare's texts are texts that are repeatedly presented with different types of readings from different perspectives, and each time a new reproduction of them is obtained. The present research seeks to present a new reading of Shakespeare's Othello drama using post-colonial studies. The Othello play has qualities that can be considered postcolonial. Therefore, the present paper, with a post-colonial approach, reciprocates Edward Said views with a qualitative, analytical, and descriptive approach to reading this play, referring to a large historical and political structure.Keywords: Post-Colonial Studies-Edward Said-Othello-William Shakespeare. ; Abstract. On the horizon of literary criticism today, text just does not have a general meaning, but any text is in a state of waiting to read readers and reproduce new meanings. Shakespeare's texts are texts that are repeatedly presented with different types of readings from different perspectives, and each time a new reproduction of them is obtained. The present research seeks to present a new reading of Shakespeare's Othello drama using post-colonial studies. The Othello play has qualities that can be considered postcolonial. Therefore, the present paper, with a post-colonial approach, reciprocates Edward Said views with a qualitative, analytical, and descriptive approach to reading this play, referring to a large historical and political structure.Keywords: Post-Colonial Studies-Edward Said-Othello-William Shakespeare.