Cox's Bazar is currently one of the poorest districts in Bangladesh, the situation has been exasperated by the current Rohingya refugee crisis which has highlighted the need to promote inclusive growth in the district. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to assess key potential growth sectors for Cox's Bazar. To achieve this, the report carried out, under significant data and informational constraints, a mixture of economic modelling, secondary data analysis and key stakeholder discussions to achieve these aims.
This paper is a multi–county, multi-dimensional rigorous analysis of immensely critical and continuously expanding socio-economic crisis that has engulfed many developing countries which calls for immediate action to preserve our present and future. This paper is an embodiment of study of all factors that are seriously responsible for promoting child labor in most of the less-developed, low-income, emerging, middle-income countries. Based on empirical data, and other research articles, this paper investigates the problem from political, social and economic and cultural aspects. This paper identifies the roots of crisis and attempts to bridge the existing gap between policy and implementation so as to make the world child labor free. First chapter deals with impact of poverty on child's education, living conditions, well-being, future and their opportunities under poverty and the second chapter goes beyond income and well-being and answers to some of the most critical questions of our time related to childhood, society and public services and the third chapter namely the intergenerational perspective focus on policies and its failure and its continues impact on our societies and young at large and finally the conclusion chapter The primary objective of this paper is to investigate how varied factors destroy the destiny of young children and future of most of the countries sequentially and secondly to pin-point years of inefficiency in dealing with problem and finally pursued governments to refocus and act proactively. In essence, this paper explores poverty that is beyond income poverty. This paper enlightens various hidden facts that are key and more important than income poverty. The intensity of this on-going crisis in many countries explains a structural gap between policies and implementation and the gap between research and policy design. And Ironically this year is the deadline year for the Millennium Development Goals [MDG's] set in year 2000, but even after 15 years of continued investment and commitment many of the goals haven't been achieved yet, so ultimate propose of this paper elaborate a broader roadmap for achieving the MDG's sooner. The centrality of this research project focuses on gap between state commitment and outcomes why and how prescription failed to deliver or achieve targets. But MDG's haven't been discussed in this paper as those the beyond the scope to this research, but its helps in creation of complete understating of failures and helps in creating a system that effectively address these issues.
The research entilted Factors Affeting Poverty Rate in East Kalimantan Province. This study aimed to determine the effect of open unemployment, the effect of government spending for education field, and government spending for health field to poverty in East Kalimantan Province. The data used in research data is from Central Bureau of Statistics in East Kalimantan Province in the years 2003-2017. Analysis method of this research is Multiple Linear Regression. The software used to perform the analysis is IBM SPSS version 24.00. The analysis showed that government spending for education fields and government spending for health fields to poverty in East Kalimantan Province was a negative and significant effect, and open unemployment to poverty in East Kalimantan Province was a positive effect and not significant. .
The vital role played by women in agriculture and non-farm activities for achieving food security and economic growth led to the recognition of women as a vital instrument by both government and non-governmental organizations in the 'battle' against rural poverty and other challenges of development process. Hence, this article analysed the women empowerment programme of Justice, Development and Peace Movement (JDPM) of Osogbo Catholic Diocese in Osun State with a view to enhancing its effectiveness. The impact of the programme on the beneficiaries was assessed on four randomly selected communities from each of the three administrative zones of Osogbo, Ila and Ilesa. Twenty-five percent of the participants were proportionately sampled from each community selected, making 104 respondents. Structured interview schedule was performed for each data collection from programme beneficiaries while seven key informants were interviewed among the workers of the Diocese. Descriptive statistics (frequency counts, mean, percentages and standard deviation) and Pearson correlation was used to make inferences. Some of the results revealed that members of all religions practiced in the area benefitted from the programme. Results also revealed that age (r= -0.514), group size (r= -0.448), years of schooling (r=0.407) were significantly related to achievement of programme objectives at 0.01 level of significance while number of community associations (r=0.201), size of enterprise (r=0.448), and income (r=0.205) had significant relationship at 0.05 level of significance. The study also revealed that the programme had made the beneficiaries self reliant through skill acquisition but faced with financial constraint to start or expand the businesses learnt. It was recommended that the beneficiaries should be linked with financial institutions or banks where they could access loan with ease. ; El rol vital ejercido por la mujer en la agricultura y en actividades no agrícolas para el establecimiento de la seguridad alimentaria y el crecimiento económico, ha llevado al reconocimiento de la mujer como un instrumento vital tanto para el gobierno como para organizaciones no gubernamentales en la batalla en contra de la pobreza rural y otros retos de procesos de desarrollo. Por lo tanto, esta investigación analizó el programa de justicia y empoderamiento femenino, el movimiento de paz y desarrollo (JDPM) de la diócesis católica de Osogbo en el Estado de Osun, Nigeria con el fin de mejorar su eficacia. El impacto del programa sobre los beneficiarios fue evaluado en cuatro comunidades seleccionadas aleatoriamente de cada una de las tres zonas administrativas de Osogbo, Ila e Ilesa. El 25% de los participantes fueron proporcionalmente muestreados de cada una de las comunidades seleccionadas obteniendo 104 encuestados. La entrevista estructurada fue presentada para cada colecta de datos a partir del programa de beneficiarios, mientras que siete informantes clave eran entrevistados entre los trabajadores de la diócesis. La estadística descriptiva (frecuencia, promedio, porcentajes y desviación estándar), así como la correlación Pearson fueron utilizados para realizar inferencias. Algunos de estos resultados revelaron que los miembros de todas las regiones practicaban en el área beneficiada del programa. Los resultados también revelaron que la edad (r= -0.514), el tamaño del grupo (r= -0.448), los años de escolaridad (r=0.407) estaban significativamente relacionados con el establecimiento de los objetivos del programa con un nivel de significancia del 0.0, mientras que el número de asociaciones comunitarias (r=0.201), el tamaño de la empresa rural (r=0.448), y los ingresos (r=0.205) presentaron una relación significativa con un nivel del 0.05 de significancia. El estudio también reveló que el programa ha hecho independientes a los beneficiarios gracias a la adquisición de herramientas pero también al enfrentarse con restricciones financieras para iniciar o expandir su negocio. Se recomendó que los beneficiarios deberían estar vinculados con instituciones financieras o bancos donde podían acceder a préstamos con facilidad.
This study aims to determine and to analyze the effort of local government to overcome poverty in Maros regency and factors that influence it. To achieve the objectives the researcher using a method of qualitative research and exploring data descriptively. The data collecting technique was done through observation, in-depth interview, document and archieveby using qualitative analysis technique. The result study shows two things: first, the effort of local government to overcome poverty that conducted by Department of Social, Labor and Transmigration and Department of Cooperation, Industrial and Trading of Marod regency through the poverty overcoming program includes Expectancy Family Program (PKH), the Poor Empowerment Program (KUBE-FM) and Micro, Small, Medium-Sized Enterprise Empowerment Program. Second, in its implementation there are several factor that influence it, consist of supporting and inhibiting factor. The supporting factor is the presence of commitment between state and local government, good coordination inter actor who involved, the cooperation between related parties, the motivation of each members to participate in each activities, integrated organization structure and technological utilization. And the inhibiting factors is the lack of poor understanding about sanction if violate the obligation, restricted budget, the lack of human resources quality, the lack of relationship for each member, the lack of ability that owned by bussines actor and inadequate means and infrastructure.
Despite the utility of substance abuse treatment, large numbers of people with serious substance use problems do not get the treatment that is needed. Communities that participated in the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation's "Fighting Back" program (see Saxe et al., this issue) developed a range of strategies to facilitate the provision of treatment to community members. As part of the national evaluation of Fighting Back, a general population survey conducted in 1995, 1997, and 1999 in 12 of the Fighting Back communities and 29 comparison communities assessed problem substance use, dependence, and treatment. These data were used to examine whether the gap between treatment need and treatment utilization was reduced in the Fighting Back communities. Results indicated that the discrepancy between treatment need and utilization of specialized treatment was unchanged, with as few as 6% to 7% identified as needing treatment actually receiving treatment. There were, however, a number of characteristics that distinguished those who received treatment from those who did not: (1) females were more than seven times less likely to receive treatment when needed than were males; (2) African Americans were four times less likely and Hispanics three times less likely than White respondents; (3) those 25 years and younger were four times less likely than those over 25; (4) unemployed and those living in poverty were three times more likely to receive treatment. The implications of these findings are that even within comprehensive approaches to substance abuse, more must be done to identify those in need of treatment, to understand the factors that explain the discrepancies between those in need of treatment who do and do not receive treatment, and to develop methods for getting those in need into treatment.
This paper studies welfare dynamics, especially changes associated with middle-class status in countries in the Middle East and North Africa, before and after the Arab Spring transitions, using objective and subjective welfare measures. Absent panel data, the analysis employs state-of-the-art synthetic panel techniques using repeated cross sections of expenditure data from household surveys and subjective well-being data from value surveys, which were conducted during the 2000s and the Arab Spring period. The objective welfare dynamics indicate mixed trends. About half the poor in the 2000s moved out of poverty by the end of the decade, but chronic poverty remained high; upward mobility was strong in Syria and Tunisia, but downward mobility was pronounced in Yemen and Egypt. Subjective well-being dynamics suggest negative developments in most countries during the Arab Spring transitions. Low education achievement, informal worker status, and rural residency are positively associated with lower than average chances for upward mobility, and greater than average chances for downward mobility according to both types of welfare measures.
It is the right of every child to have a healthy environment, formal education, and a loving family. However, poverty forces a child to work even in dangerous streets. In the Philippines, the Child Protection Law defined children as persons below eighteen (18) years of age or those over but are unable to fully take care of themselves or protect themselves from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation, or discrimination because of a physical or mental disability or condition. Despite the existing legislations in the country and with the United Nations declarations promoting the protection of children from exploitation, the problem in the country continues to exist. The paper aims to determine the extent of child labor in the country and describe the conditions of their work. The analysis of this paper made use of statistical data from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA). Descriptive methods of analysis were utilized in analyzing the data. The results of the study showed that the continued pauperization in the countryside, especially in the urban centers brought about by population growth and capitalism, had increased the number of children joining the labor force. Although progress has been made in promoting and protecting the rights of these children in national legislation and policy, many remain unreached, especially children among the poorest families, who contribute significantly to family income. This limited access of children to basic services further put them into the life of drudgery that would impair their development, hence, their future in general.
The incidence of poverty is evidenced among rural farm households in developing societies. As a result of persistence poverty among rural farm households, there is sudden upsurge in agricultural livelihood diversification and rural-urban migration resulting in high rate of urban unemployment. To help generate suitable policThe incidence of poverty is evidenced among rural farm households in developing societies. As a result of persistence poverty among rural farm households, there is sudden upsurge in agricultural livelihood diversification and rural-urban migration resulting in high rate of urban unemployment. To help generate suitable policy variables to help tackle this rampaging issue in the South- south region of Nigeria, this study specifically analyzes poverty and income inequality as well as identified determinants of poverty among rural farm households in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Data were collected from 390 rural farm household heads spread across the rural areas of the State. Combination of sampling methods was employed to sample cross sectional data from respondents. The study used descriptive tools and regression analysis (Tobit regressions) to analyze information collected. The socio-economic analysis reveals that, most farming household heads were male; an average of 12.3 years of formal was discovered; social capital formation was poor, while average age stood at 42.5 years. About 33.08 % of male headed households and 22.05 % of female headed households live below poverty line in the study area. Income inequality index revealed 0.4210 for male headed households and 0.4531 for female counterpart. The Tobit model estimates revealed that, household head farming experience, years in social organization, level of formal education, farm and non-farm income were negative drivers of rural poverty in the region. Household's age, household size, structure of land ownership and gender were positive drivers of poverty among rural farming households. It is recommended that sound family welfare packages should be implemented in the rural communities. Also, social capital formation should be promoted among rural farming households, while adult education policies should be re-visited. Government of the region should also improve educational facilities in the rural areas and make marginal lands available to less privileged farmers. ; Случаи бедности наблюдаются среди сельских фермерских хозяйств в развивающихся странах. В результате сохраняющегося состояния бедности среди сельских фермерских хозяйств отмечается внезапный всплеск диверсификации средств существования и миграция из сельских районов в города, что приводит к высокому уровню безработицы в городах. Для того, чтобы помочь создать подходящие мобильные решения для содействия решению этой проблемы, актуальной для Юго-южном регионе Нигерии, в рамках настоящего исследования выполнен анализ бедности и неравенства в доходах. Были также выявлены детерминанты бедности среди сельских фермерских хозяйств в Akwa Ibom State, Нигерия. Данные были получены от 390 глав сельских фермерских хозяйств, размещенных в сельской местности штата. При формировании выборки были использованы перекрестные данные. В исследовании использованы описательный метод и метод регрессионного анализа (тобит регрессий) для анализа собранной информации. Социально-экономический анализ показывает, что руководителями большинства фермерских хозяйств были лица мужского пола; стаж руководства – 12,3 лет; формирование социального капитала было недостаточным, несмотря на то, что средний возраст составил 42.5 года. Около 33,08 % семей, возглавляемых мужчинами и 22,05 % семей, возглавляемых женщинами, живут ниже черты бедности в исследуемой области. Индекс неравенства доходов составил 0.4210 для фермерских хозяйств с мужчиной во главе и 0.4531 для аналогичных хозяйств, возглавляемых женщинами. Оценки Тобит модели показали, что опыт главы сельского хозяйства, опыт работы в общественной организации, уровень формального образования, доходов фермы и доходов в несельскохозяйственном секторе являются отрицательные факторами, содействующими сельской бедности в регионе. Возраст фермерского хозяйства, размер хозяйства, структура собственности на землю и пол главы хозяйства были положительными факторами бедности среди сельских фермерских хозяйств. Рекомендуется, применение пакетов социального обеспечения семьи в сельских общинах. Кроме того, следует поощрять формирование социального капитала среди сельских фермерских хозяйств, при условии, что политика образования для взрослых должна быть пересмотрена. Правительству региона следует также улучшить образовательные учреждения в сельской местности и сделать marginal земли доступными для менее привилегированных фермеров.
В статье исследованы современные формы проявления бедности в Украине. Проведена систематизацию ее экономических, социальных, институциональных причин, проанализированы новые факторы бедности, обусловленные военным конфликтом на Востоке Украины. Сделан анализ рисков, возникающих в следствие распространения бедности для возможностей формирования человеческого потенциала и для факторов экономического роста. Определены условия и возможные пути преодоления бедности в контексте европейской интеграции Украины. ; In the article the modern forms of poverty displaying are investigational in Ukraine. Systematization of it's economic, social, institutional reasons is conducted, the analysis of new factors of poverty, conditioned by a military conflict on East of Ukraine is done. The analysis of risks, arising up in investigation of distribution of poverty for possibilities of forming of human potential and for the factors of the economy growing is done. Terms and possible ways of overcoming of poverty are defined in the context of European integration of Ukraine.
This report on adaptation to climate variability and change draws together the conclusions of a series of comparative case studies undertaken for the Area-Based Development and Climate Change (ABDCC) project of the Social Development Department of the World Bank. The report contributes to a better understanding of pro-poor adaptation by addressing the growing need for systematic analyses of existing rural adaptation strategies in the face of climate variability. The study shows: 1) how different types of climate phenomena affect households that are already vulnerable owing to their political-economic and social circumstances, 2) the ways in which households cope with and adapt to climate hazards, and 3) the role of rural organizations and institutions in helping vulnerable households cope with climate impacts and other sources of vulnerability more effectively. The study also complements other macro-level analyses in which the focus is primarily on government policies in the context of adaptation. The ABDCC study relied on four strategies for its implementation, data collection, and capacity building efforts: 1) review of secondary information and the selection of study sites; 2) data collection through household, focus group, and expert interviews; 3) data analysis and identification of feasible policy options; and 4) capacity building and dissemination of results. The study generated data both from secondary sources as well as primary research. The data was used to prepare country reports and policy notes but has also been analyzed using basic statistical methods to understand the relationship between institutions, adaptation strategies, and social groups within communities and territories.
El presente trabajo se propone adoptar la modalidad de ensayo histórico a partir del debate instalado en sectores del mundo académico y el mundo intelectual mapuche emergido en los últimos años sobre los resultados de modernización capitalista en La Araucanía. Constituye una mirada de los autores a la historia de la Araucanía durante el siglo XX, situados desde una perspectiva de mediana y larga duración con el objetivo de una comprensión no solo del pasado, sino que de los desafíos pendientes. El análisis se hace a partir de eventos específicos y de los temas que marcaron el debate entre actores políticos, mapuche y empresariales desde la década de los años 30'. De allí que presentemos algunas libertades analíticas tanto en la periodización como en los hitos o coyunturas más relevantes. ; The present work proposes to adopt the historical essay modality starting from the debate installed in sectors of the academic world and the mapuche intellectual world that emerged in recent years on the results of capitalist modernization in La Araucanía. It constitutes a look by the authors at the history of Araucanía during the 20th century, situated from a medium and long-term perspective with the aim of understanding not only the past, but also the pending challenges. The analysis is based on specific events and the issues that marked the debate between political, mapuche and business actors since the 1930s. In accordance with this is that we present some analytical freedoms both in periodization and in the most relevant milestones or junctures. ; Fil: López Bravo, Eduardo. Universidad de Santiago de Chile. Santiago; Chile ; Fil. Pairican Padilla, Fernando. Universidad de Santiago de Chile. Santiago; Chile
Poverty is a global social problem, meaning that poverty is a problem that must be faced and a concern of many people. This study aims to analyze the development of poverty and the determinants of poverty in Jambi Province. This study uses a secondary data analysis method, and the data used is data from the Central Statistics Agency of Jambi Province. And the data used is the times series 2002-2019. This study uses multiple regression analysis with the level of poverty as the dependent variable, inflation, GRDP, Average Years of Schooling (RLS), Labor Force Participation Rate (TPAK), and Provincial Minimum Wage (UMP) as independent variables, and uses a dummy variable 1 Jambi Provincial government policies related to poverty reduction through the Jamkesda Program. The results of this study indicate that the development of the poverty rate in Jambi Province for the 2002-2019 period tends to decrease and that inflation, GRDP, RLS, UMP, and Dummy 1 (Jamkesda) have an effect significantly on the poverty rate in Jambi Province in the period 2002-2019.
