Suchergebnisse

Public Sector Economics Master's final thesis topic is of interest because we consider the Lithuanian state pension system. Pension system - is one of the elements of social protection. Social security is the basic institution which protects the national market economy. Five years ago Lithuania was launched in the state social insurance pension system reform. This reform is part of the state social insurance pension system privatization. This step and the context of criticism and support. Lithuanian scientists perform calculations and statistical analysis is very critical and critical carried out the reform. According to the reformed pension system is not fair, they will suffer most from the current retirees and older workers today, outside the system (Gylys, 2002). Studies have shown that the state social insurance pension system creates greater social security or private pension systems (Bitinas, 2008). By the way Lithuania private pension system developed state social insurance pension account. The implementation of pension reform should address the question of the social impact of the pension system will in the future. Pension system should be managed in the interest of social justice. Free Market Institute, experts agree the privatization of the pension system, they argue that in order to save people's pensions, rather than the current Social Security system needs radical reform, with the ultimate aim of the mandatory state social insurance waiver. However, the social insurance welfare state development rate under the responsibility of the state. Pension Scheme, together with health care is generally considered the heart of the welfare state. Therefore, public retirement systems management efficiency can be increased by the introduction of new management methods. Member image depends on how it can take care of older and disabled people nationally. Recently, public pensions through industrialized countries have already rightly equated old age poverty. The working generation supports the contributions of its pension scheme. Funded pension system will undoubtedly have been associated with positive intentions. However, this system there is still a lot of problems. These systems benefit in the long term it is extremely difficult to predict. Prior to the pension system reform, and it was done by the start of an aggressive and irresponsible advertising campaign, which has information about the underlying luxurious old age, participation in the choice of pension reform in the second stage. However, it was completely silent on the possible effects of pension reform. The author's view, cumulative pension system and the effectiveness of optimistic results of Lithuania allow the question and an incomplete legal framework in this area. There is no defined risk management and liability transferred to the State Social Insurance Fund contributions. Does not provide for the mandatory pension funds and the profitability of their specific commitments and guarantees the pension fund participant. There is no doubt, and the pension system's objectives are achieved. Pension system of the Lithuanian Republic consists of a state pension and social assistance benefits paid from the state budget and the state social insurance pensions, paid from the State Social Insurance Fund budget. State pensions are paid for certain services rendered to the state or certain professions. The state pension coverage tends to increase, in addition to a systematic increase in state pension base. State pensions offer unreasonable benefits to their recipients in violation of social justice, finally, is compounded by the burden of state, increasing the State budget. Pay-as-you-go today as a government social security fund system in line with European standards and has its own advantages. This system provides a sound social security, the contributions of persons liable for the financial sustainability of this system is responsible for the State. This system is simple and versatile, collected contributions from the immediate allocation of benefits. For this reason, the management of the system is cheap. This system is stable, it is immune to investment risk and inflation, the system constantly monitors the state because it is \"public.\" The social security pension system creates greater social security. The main advantage of this system fosters solidarity. This feature of the welfare state, showing the state of social maturity and respect for its citizens. A state social insurance pension system in the pay and benefits approach, the main problem is the state social insurance budget formation. As shown by the State Social Insurance Fund budget analysis, a one-year budget is not stable. It depends on the country's economic situation. By the way, one-year budget is very difficult to provide balanced. Today the country's economy is global, depends not only on their country's economic indicators, but also from all over the world of global events. This is a direct effect on State Social Insurance Fund budget. There must be a reserve fund, which went State Social Insurance Fund budget surplus in order to cover the projected future costs. Another proposal of the state social insurance to ensure financial sustainability would be that a pension should increase their funding base, part of a pension, for example, the main part of the financing from the state budget; by the way the State has more sources in the collection of taxes. This would help to increase the state social insurance contributions and increase the competitiveness of companies in ensuring the State Social Insurance Fund budget for the financial sustainability. Five years ago started a partial state social insurance pension privatization. This reform was made subject to certain objectives. The paper addresses the following broad objectives and their implementation. One of the goals was to balance the budget of the State Social Insurance fund. As shown by the work of analysis, State Social Insurance Fund budget depends on the economy: in good times - the budget surplus, during periods of economic downturn - the budget deficit. Since the creation of private pensions is the DHS pension account balance the budget solely State Social Insurance Fund this budget is difficult, especially in the economic downturn. Another objective of introducing the reform was to change the pension system so that individuals receive a higher pension than without reform. The paper's calculations show that the 2004 - 2008 the average pension growth rate of 18.05, while the second-tier funds transferred funds only 3.57. This means that the funds transferred to the pension funds did not increase faster than the increase in the State Social Insurance Fund pension, the past five years their presence was detrimental. The ongoing pension reform was to abandon privileged pensions. The paper analysis showed that the current number of persons receiving two or more pensions waived privileged pensions, low to consistently and systematically increase the basic state pension level. To prepare for the pension reform was considered investing in private pension funds thanks to spur economic growth. But, since a large part of the capital invested abroad, our country's economy does not receive the investment and can contribute to economic growth. Pension reform is ongoing in many foreign countries. Pension system was reformed in several directions. That's raising the retirement age, and the introduction of private funded pensions, the supplementary voluntary pension insurance promotion Pensions Reserve Fund, the promotion of older people to remain in the labor market early and partial retirement. Foreign countries have a wide variety of pension, is a different experience in the development of private pension funds. Developed European countries set up additional reserves. In good economic situation in the accumulation of assets that, if necessary, to cover the increased costs of default. The largest funds are pension reserve funds have been generated in Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Luxembourg.

The work was made by Irma Kruckaite, Political sociology master's degree student of VPU Social sciences faculty Sociology and political sciences department. The subject of the work is young attitude towards national identity as a value and its conservation opportunities of globalization (Druskininkai town case). The director of the work is Dr. V. Senkus. The work size is 60 pages. The aim of work: explore what young people view about nationalism like value, what are the main factors affecting the formation of such an approach. For this purpose there were tasks raised: • Summarize the theoretical aspects of the concept of values. • An overview of the various sociological authors' interpretations about nationality. • To analyze the challenges of globalization for nationality. • Based on research results to establish how nationality is expressed and its preservation ways. Hypotheses of the research: 1. Nationality for young people today, is not a priority value – was proved. Young people understand what is nationality, but the general answer is perception that young people represent not emigration if feel safe in Lithuania. Young people need motivation, that nationality wasn't a burden but an asset to be transferred to their future generations. Nationality invaded the consciousness of people, the recovery of Lithuania's independence in 1990. But now it has spread dangerously overshadow people's material poverty, social vulnerability. Young people are a passive observer; they have simply run out of determination, as each election, promising a better life remains just promises. The talented youth gather foreign universities and to a career high in Lithuania. Frequent claims gladly stay at home. Unfortunately, our country is unable to detain them. 2. Youth opinion preservation of national identity is linked with wellbeing rise – was proved. Thus one can assume that those who can afford just to live people are concerned about the spirit of much less than affluent people. Responses felt that young families and young people today not emigration if feel safe in Lithuania. Based on data of Statistic Department for 2010 January – September emigrated 67.7 thousand countries population is 51.4 thousand more than last year same period. The main reason for this increase - immigrants to legalize their desire for the departure of the Republic of Lithuania Law on Health Insurance obligations lay down in permanent residents of the country to pay the mandatory health insurance premiums. The main purpose of immigration - work. 2009 more than 85 percent of the emigrants went to work abroad (2008 - 70 percent). Young people need motivation, that nationality wasn't a burden but an asset to be able to transfer their future generations. 3. Effective ways of promoting nationality is the psychological and economic. – was proved. It can be assumed that Lithuania, in particular, should ensure its citizens material well-being, to protect the rights of citizens, only to build a mature society cherishing national identity as an asset. The work consists of an introduction, theoretical part, which considers: the concept of values, judgments and interpretations of nationality and the challenges of globalization. The practical part presents a research and data analysis. Then there are represented final conclusions, a summary and the list of literature. In summary the theoretical part, globalization significantly changes the whole social context in structuring the personality, beliefs and values scale. On a global cultural universality is the possible merger into a single structure with specific tolerance individuality, diversity and other humanitarian values, to form a democratic political system. Collaborate and ethnic identity of the other one works, but does not eliminate far. National survival, they become the guarantor of the continuity of traditional ethnic culture is not alone, but by the state. It is the state's strength. It follows that it is the national character is the key link between the nation states. Therefore, we note that the community is based on nationalism. Nation history and people of self-concept and collective identity this is foundation of the nation cultural. Supranational integration into the structures, it is necessary to preserve and promote national culture, because this is only way to preserve national unity. It was formed by culture and fostering national and emotional ties connecting the community and the spiritual basis of life. Therefore, the state must maintain order, to enable citizens to prosperity, to ensure their safety, freedoms and rights. Thus, people of all age's qualitative interviews showed that nationality is perceived as the love of homeland, the Lithuanian language, culture and traditions. Nationality associated with the history of Lithuania and is closely associated with patriotism. Many of the respondents expressed concern about the future of nationality values in globalization situation. Worry about the displacement of the Lithuanian language, because this is one of the most important components of nationality. Interviews revealed the optimistic views of the Lithuanian national identity perspective. The Lithuanians are scattered around the world made available to other nations, to know where Lithuania is. However, it is noted that many respondents believe that as nationality like a values depends on the welfare state. Most of the respondents have a responsibility put to the government. How much less promising put citizens in public organizations. The prevailing opinion is that the state must take care of the nation in economic and spiritual well-being, secure environment, while motivate young people and their children proud of their country.

The work was made by Irma Kruckaite, Political sociology master's degree student of VPU Social sciences faculty Sociology and political sciences department. The subject of the work is young attitude towards national identity as a value and its conservation opportunities of globalization (Druskininkai town case). The director of the work is Dr. V. Senkus. The work size is 60 pages. The aim of work: explore what young people view about nationalism like value, what are the main factors affecting the formation of such an approach. For this purpose there were tasks raised: • Summarize the theoretical aspects of the concept of values. • An overview of the various sociological authors' interpretations about nationality. • To analyze the challenges of globalization for nationality. • Based on research results to establish how nationality is expressed and its preservation ways. Hypotheses of the research: 1. Nationality for young people today, is not a priority value – was proved. Young people understand what is nationality, but the general answer is perception that young people represent not emigration if feel safe in Lithuania. Young people need motivation, that nationality wasn't a burden but an asset to be transferred to their future generations. Nationality invaded the consciousness of people, the recovery of Lithuania's independence in 1990. But now it has spread dangerously overshadow people's material poverty, social vulnerability. Young people are a passive observer; they have simply run out of determination, as each election, promising a better life remains just promises. The talented youth gather foreign universities and to a career high in Lithuania. Frequent claims gladly stay at home. Unfortunately, our country is unable to detain them. 2. Youth opinion preservation of national identity is linked with wellbeing rise – was proved. Thus one can assume that those who can afford just to live people are concerned about the spirit of much less than affluent people. Responses felt that young families and young people today not emigration if feel safe in Lithuania. Based on data of Statistic Department for 2010 January – September emigrated 67.7 thousand countries population is 51.4 thousand more than last year same period. The main reason for this increase - immigrants to legalize their desire for the departure of the Republic of Lithuania Law on Health Insurance obligations lay down in permanent residents of the country to pay the mandatory health insurance premiums. The main purpose of immigration - work. 2009 more than 85 percent of the emigrants went to work abroad (2008 - 70 percent). Young people need motivation, that nationality wasn't a burden but an asset to be able to transfer their future generations. 3. Effective ways of promoting nationality is the psychological and economic. – was proved. It can be assumed that Lithuania, in particular, should ensure its citizens material well-being, to protect the rights of citizens, only to build a mature society cherishing national identity as an asset. The work consists of an introduction, theoretical part, which considers: the concept of values, judgments and interpretations of nationality and the challenges of globalization. The practical part presents a research and data analysis. Then there are represented final conclusions, a summary and the list of literature. In summary the theoretical part, globalization significantly changes the whole social context in structuring the personality, beliefs and values scale. On a global cultural universality is the possible merger into a single structure with specific tolerance individuality, diversity and other humanitarian values, to form a democratic political system. Collaborate and ethnic identity of the other one works, but does not eliminate far. National survival, they become the guarantor of the continuity of traditional ethnic culture is not alone, but by the state. It is the state's strength. It follows that it is the national character is the key link between the nation states. Therefore, we note that the community is based on nationalism. Nation history and people of self-concept and collective identity this is foundation of the nation cultural. Supranational integration into the structures, it is necessary to preserve and promote national culture, because this is only way to preserve national unity. It was formed by culture and fostering national and emotional ties connecting the community and the spiritual basis of life. Therefore, the state must maintain order, to enable citizens to prosperity, to ensure their safety, freedoms and rights. Thus, people of all age's qualitative interviews showed that nationality is perceived as the love of homeland, the Lithuanian language, culture and traditions. Nationality associated with the history of Lithuania and is closely associated with patriotism. Many of the respondents expressed concern about the future of nationality values in globalization situation. Worry about the displacement of the Lithuanian language, because this is one of the most important components of nationality. Interviews revealed the optimistic views of the Lithuanian national identity perspective. The Lithuanians are scattered around the world made available to other nations, to know where Lithuania is. However, it is noted that many respondents believe that as nationality like a values depends on the welfare state. Most of the respondents have a responsibility put to the government. How much less promising put citizens in public organizations. The prevailing opinion is that the state must take care of the nation in economic and spiritual well-being, secure environment, while motivate young people and their children proud of their country.