Suchergebnisse

In the communication of policies, media presents the main source of public information, providing explanation and assessment of current social and political developments along with daily news reports. Media's role becomes especially prominent during periods of crises, which lead to social insecurity. Lithuania has seen a period of the growth in significance of the role of media in 2008, during the economic crisis, when a transformation in public policy took place. It impacted rise of poverty. At the same time the structural changes of media themselves were gaining momentum. The question of what the role of the newly emerged internet dailies is, as the significance of communication in public policy processes under late capitalism grows, becomes particularly relevant with regard to poverty reduction policies, whose task is to absorb the possible consequences of economic crisis and transformations of public policy. Within the paradigm of Critical Realism, which refuses to recognize democratising media's role in public policy making as self-evident, the study of framing of poverty using critical discourse analysis was conducted. It is concluded that Lithuanian internet dailies act rather as facilitators of policy changes which during crisis were directed towards minimising state's role in securing well-being of citizens. At the same time media's interest in journalistic professionalism was overridden by market concerns. And also the effects of online media's global character are quite obvious. There is clear tendency to decontextualise news which means that the geographical proximity no longer serves as a criterion for news selection — or at least that it is not as relevant as it used to be.

In the communication of policies, media presents the main source of public information, providing explanation and assessment of current social and political developments along with daily news reports. Media's role becomes especially prominent during periods of crises, which lead to social insecurity. Lithuania has seen a period of the growth in significance of the role of media in 2008, during the economic crisis, when a transformation in public policy took place. It impacted rise of poverty. At the same time the structural changes of media themselves were gaining momentum. The question of what the role of the newly emerged internet dailies is, as the significance of communication in public policy processes under late capitalism grows, becomes particularly relevant with regard to poverty reduction policies, whose task is to absorb the possible consequences of economic crisis and transformations of public policy. Within the paradigm of Critical Realism, which refuses to recognize democratising media's role in public policy making as self-evident, the study of framing of poverty using critical discourse analysis was conducted. It is concluded that Lithuanian internet dailies act rather as facilitators of policy changes which during crisis were directed towards minimising state's role in securing well-being of citizens. At the same time media's interest in journalistic professionalism was overridden by market concerns. And also the effects of online media's global character are quite obvious. There is clear tendency to decontextualise news which means that the geographical proximity no longer serves as a criterion for news selection — or at least that it is not as relevant as it used to be.

In the communication of policies, media presents the main source of public information, providing explanation and assessment of current social and political developments along with daily news reports. Media's role becomes especially prominent during periods of crises, which lead to social insecurity. Lithuania has seen a period of the growth in significance of the role of media in 2008, during the economic crisis, when a transformation in public policy took place. It impacted rise of poverty. At the same time the structural changes of media themselves were gaining momentum. The question of what the role of the newly emerged internet dailies is, as the significance of communication in public policy processes under late capitalism grows, becomes particularly relevant with regard to poverty reduction policies, whose task is to absorb the possible consequences of economic crisis and transformations of public policy. Within the paradigm of Critical Realism, which refuses to recognize democratising media's role in public policy making as self-evident, the study of framing of poverty using critical discourse analysis was conducted. It is concluded that Lithuanian internet dailies act rather as facilitators of policy changes which during crisis were directed towards minimising state's role in securing well-being of citizens. At the same time media's interest in journalistic professionalism was overridden by market concerns. And also the effects of online media's global character are quite obvious. There is clear tendency to decontextualise news which means that the geographical proximity no longer serves as a criterion for news selection — or at least that it is not as relevant as it used to be.

In the communication of policies, media presents the main source of public information, providing explanation and assessment of current social and political developments along with daily news reports. Media's role becomes especially prominent during periods of crises, which lead to social insecurity. Lithuania has seen a period of the growth in significance of the role of media in 2008, during the economic crisis, when a transformation in public policy took place. It impacted rise of poverty. At the same time the structural changes of media themselves were gaining momentum. The question of what the role of the newly emerged internet dailies is, as the significance of communication in public policy processes under late capitalism grows, becomes particularly relevant with regard to poverty reduction policies, whose task is to absorb the possible consequences of economic crisis and transformations of public policy. Within the paradigm of Critical Realism, which refuses to recognize democratising media's role in public policy making as self-evident, the study of framing of poverty using critical discourse analysis was conducted. It is concluded that Lithuanian internet dailies act rather as facilitators of policy changes which during crisis were directed towards minimising state's role in securing well-being of citizens. At the same time media's interest in journalistic professionalism was overridden by market concerns. And also the effects of online media's global character are quite obvious. There is clear tendency to decontextualise news which means that the geographical proximity no longer serves as a criterion for news selection — or at least that it is not as relevant as it used to be.

In the communication of policies, media presents the main source of public information, providing explanation and assessment of current social and political developments along with daily news reports. Media's role becomes especially prominent during periods of crises, which lead to social insecurity. Lithuania has seen a period of the growth in significance of the role of media in 2008, during the economic crisis, when a transformation in public policy took place. It impacted rise of poverty. At the same time the structural changes of media themselves were gaining momentum. The question of what the role of the newly emerged internet dailies is, as the significance of communication in public policy processes under late capitalism grows, becomes particularly relevant with regard to poverty reduction policies, whose task is to absorb the possible consequences of economic crisis and transformations of public policy. Within the paradigm of Critical Realism, which refuses to recognize democratising media's role in public policy making as self-evident, the study of framing of poverty using critical discourse analysis was conducted. It is concluded that Lithuanian internet dailies act rather as facilitators of policy changes which during crisis were directed towards minimising state's role in securing well-being of citizens. At the same time media's interest in journalistic professionalism was overridden by market concerns. And also the effects of online media's global character are quite obvious. There is clear tendency to decontextualise news which means that the geographical proximity no longer serves as a criterion for news selection — or at least that it is not as relevant as it used to be.

This paper analyzes policy implementation of ex-prisoners integration into the labour market in the political context of poverty reduction and social inclusion. The aim of this paper is to identify the main problems that influence the effectiveness of implementation and their causes. To reach this goal the research is divided into three sections. The main question of this master thesis is: "Why do only few ex-prisoners integrate into labour market?" It can be answered by confirming or denying the raised primary and secondary hypotheses in the context of the main problems and their reasons that influence the effectiveness of policy implementation. In conclusion, the policy analysis of people coming back from imprisonment and their integration into the labour market shows (despite that some hypothesis were only partly confirmed) that the State implements the policy that is appropriate enough and could be effective. In this process the outcome of the policy implementation depends not only on the role of governmental and non-governmental institutions, but most importantly, on the characteristics, efforts and attitudes of the target group and on the intentions of employers to engage this person.

This paper analyzes policy implementation of ex-prisoners integration into the labour market in the political context of poverty reduction and social inclusion. The aim of this paper is to identify the main problems that influence the effectiveness of implementation and their causes. To reach this goal the research is divided into three sections. The main question of this master thesis is: "Why do only few ex-prisoners integrate into labour market?" It can be answered by confirming or denying the raised primary and secondary hypotheses in the context of the main problems and their reasons that influence the effectiveness of policy implementation. In conclusion, the policy analysis of people coming back from imprisonment and their integration into the labour market shows (despite that some hypothesis were only partly confirmed) that the State implements the policy that is appropriate enough and could be effective. In this process the outcome of the policy implementation depends not only on the role of governmental and non-governmental institutions, but most importantly, on the characteristics, efforts and attitudes of the target group and on the intentions of employers to engage this person.

Community media, as opposed to mainstream newsmedia, is an alternative source of information which plays a facilitative role by encouraging community members to express their interests, to join policy debates, and therefore to give authorities feedback on how ongoing policy changes affect members of communities. Due to high levels of concentration of poverty in Lithuanian rural areas and the start of a social assistance decentralisation program to poor residents in five Lithuanian regional municipalities in 2012, the role of local media in policies concerning poverty reduction has increased. Content analysis of five newspapers that served communities affected by the changes reveals that community members are provided with options to communicate poverty issues through community media. This is an empirical finding which supports the author's claim, presented in this article, that analytical concept of rhisomatic community media rather than liberal critique of local press (which focuses on negative pressures from market and state institutions erected toward the media), is more useful for assessing deliberation processes in local newspapers. Research results show that while communicating poverty, community members prefer to communicate charity initiatives and not to directly engage in public policy debate. Coverage of policy changes is dominated by local authorities and community media journalists. Images of 'deserving' and 'undeserving' poor (often without references to actually existing cases) dominate poverty framing in an attempt to support new cash social assistance distributions. Despite facilitating some non-governmental community-organised poverty reduction initiatives, community media acts collaboratively towards on-going policy changes and fails in empowering the poor of the communities they serve.

Community media, as opposed to mainstream newsmedia, is an alternative source of information which plays a facilitative role by encouraging community members to express their interests, to join policy debates, and therefore to give authorities feedback on how ongoing policy changes affect members of communities. Due to high levels of concentration of poverty in Lithuanian rural areas and the start of a social assistance decentralisation program to poor residents in five Lithuanian regional municipalities in 2012, the role of local media in policies concerning poverty reduction has increased. Content analysis of five newspapers that served communities affected by the changes reveals that community members are provided with options to communicate poverty issues through community media. This is an empirical finding which supports the author's claim, presented in this article, that analytical concept of rhisomatic community media rather than liberal critique of local press (which focuses on negative pressures from market and state institutions erected toward the media), is more useful for assessing deliberation processes in local newspapers. Research results show that while communicating poverty, community members prefer to communicate charity initiatives and not to directly engage in public policy debate. Coverage of policy changes is dominated by local authorities and community media journalists. Images of 'deserving' and 'undeserving' poor (often without references to actually existing cases) dominate poverty framing in an attempt to support new cash social assistance distributions. Despite facilitating some non-governmental community-organised poverty reduction initiatives, community media acts collaboratively towards on-going policy changes and fails in empowering the poor of the communities they serve.

Community media, as opposed to mainstream newsmedia, is an alternative source of information which plays a facilitative role by encouraging community members to express their interests, to join policy debates, and therefore to give authorities feedback on how ongoing policy changes affect members of communities. Due to high levels of concentration of poverty in Lithuanian rural areas and the start of a social assistance decentralisation program to poor residents in five Lithuanian regional municipalities in 2012, the role of local media in policies concerning poverty reduction has increased. Content analysis of five newspapers that served communities affected by the changes reveals that community members are provided with options to communicate poverty issues through community media. This is an empirical finding which supports the author's claim, presented in this article, that analytical concept of rhisomatic community media rather than liberal critique of local press (which focuses on negative pressures from market and state institutions erected toward the media), is more useful for assessing deliberation processes in local newspapers. Research results show that while communicating poverty, community members prefer to communicate charity initiatives and not to directly engage in public policy debate. Coverage of policy changes is dominated by local authorities and community media journalists. Images of 'deserving' and 'undeserving' poor (often without references to actually existing cases) dominate poverty framing in an attempt to support new cash social assistance distributions. Despite facilitating some non-governmental community-organised poverty reduction initiatives, community media acts collaboratively towards on-going policy changes and fails in empowering the poor of the communities they serve.

Community media, as opposed to mainstream newsmedia, is an alternative source of information which plays a facilitative role by encouraging community members to express their interests, to join policy debates, and therefore to give authorities feedback on how ongoing policy changes affect members of communities. Due to high levels of concentration of poverty in Lithuanian rural areas and the start of a social assistance decentralisation program to poor residents in five Lithuanian regional municipalities in 2012, the role of local media in policies concerning poverty reduction has increased. Content analysis of five newspapers that served communities affected by the changes reveals that community members are provided with options to communicate poverty issues through community media. This is an empirical finding which supports the author's claim, presented in this article, that analytical concept of rhisomatic community media rather than liberal critique of local press (which focuses on negative pressures from market and state institutions erected toward the media), is more useful for assessing deliberation processes in local newspapers. Research results show that while communicating poverty, community members prefer to communicate charity initiatives and not to directly engage in public policy debate. Coverage of policy changes is dominated by local authorities and community media journalists. Images of 'deserving' and 'undeserving' poor (often without references to actually existing cases) dominate poverty framing in an attempt to support new cash social assistance distributions. Despite facilitating some non-governmental community-organised poverty reduction initiatives, community media acts collaboratively towards on-going policy changes and fails in empowering the poor of the communities they serve.

This article presents an analysis of the impact of cash social benefits on poverty reduction in two groups of EU countries (The "Old," Western Europe and the "New," Eastern Europe ). Models of a regression analysis of panel data were compiled to assess the changes in the most deprived part of the population, which included factors such as population income, social assistance payments, labor market activity, population indebtedness, long-term unemployment and education levels of the population. The results of the survey revealed the essential differences in the impact of social assistance on poverty: in the old EU countries, means-tested social benefits reduce the growth of poverty and material deprivation; in the Eastern European countries, which are characterized by a more liberal or "residual" welfare model, the poorest part of the population changes due to cyclical fluctuations in economic development and changes in long-term unemployment. Therefore, the key for reducing poverty is to reduce long-term unemployment. Means-tested social benefits in them are as effective as in the old EU countries.

This article presents an analysis of the impact of cash social benefits on poverty reduction in two groups of EU countries (The "Old," Western Europe and the "New," Eastern Europe ). Models of a regression analysis of panel data were compiled to assess the changes in the most deprived part of the population, which included factors such as population income, social assistance payments, labor market activity, population indebtedness, long-term unemployment and education levels of the population. The results of the survey revealed the essential differences in the impact of social assistance on poverty: in the old EU countries, means-tested social benefits reduce the growth of poverty and material deprivation; in the Eastern European countries, which are characterized by a more liberal or "residual" welfare model, the poorest part of the population changes due to cyclical fluctuations in economic development and changes in long-term unemployment. Therefore, the key for reducing poverty is to reduce long-term unemployment. Means-tested social benefits in them are as effective as in the old EU countries.

This article presents an analysis of the impact of cash social benefits on poverty reduction in two groups of EU countries (The "Old," Western Europe and the "New," Eastern Europe ). Models of a regression analysis of panel data were compiled to assess the changes in the most deprived part of the population, which included factors such as population income, social assistance payments, labor market activity, population indebtedness, long-term unemployment and education levels of the population. The results of the survey revealed the essential differences in the impact of social assistance on poverty: in the old EU countries, means-tested social benefits reduce the growth of poverty and material deprivation; in the Eastern European countries, which are characterized by a more liberal or "residual" welfare model, the poorest part of the population changes due to cyclical fluctuations in economic development and changes in long-term unemployment. Therefore, the key for reducing poverty is to reduce long-term unemployment. Means-tested social benefits in them are as effective as in the old EU countries.

This article explores in details the poverty amelioration programmes which had been initiated by the Congress Party after independence during the Jawaharlal Nehru and Indira Gandhi years.In a period of three decades,there were a number of strategies which were pursued to eradicate the high level of poverty which were prevailing in the rural areas of the country.By the end of the 1950s, there was a definite move to eradicate rural poverty through definite programmes.The absence of proper land reform legislations and the dominance of the upper and middle class leadership of the Congress prevented the Government machinery in initiating plans for the amelioration of the economic status of the small peasants and the agricultural labourers. The Nehruvian logic of an integrated agricultural development found shape in the Twenty Point Programme of the 1970s. These policies had their own successes and weaknesses and they could to some extent reduce the poverty figures by the early 1980s.The most interesting side of this narrative is the states' deep involvement with the poverty reduction schemes,which by the early 1980s came to be criticised by a dominant section of the Congress.Such debates were responsible for the shift towards a liberalized market economy in India which instead of reducing poverty, increased the prospects of a rich poor divide in the society.