Suchergebnisse

Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) in Latin America has been marked by a closed top-down process led by coalitions of politicians and technocrats who have chosen patronage relationships as the most convenient interaction with beneficiaries of social programmes. The existence of this type of relationship forces beneficiaries to take part in long-term political alliances in exchange for economic benefits. What seems to be a symbiotic relationship for the parties ultimately can have negative consequences in terms of democratic values and a financial opportunity cost to implement more efficient social investment. The more the exchange persists, the more permanent welfare dependency will prevail in the region. ; Los programas de transferencias monetarias condicionadas (CCT en inglés), en América Latina, se han caracterizado por emplear un enfoque cerrado de arriba hacia abajo, en donde las coaliciones entre políticos y tecnócratas han terminado por establecer un sistema de incentivos clientelistas como la interacción más conveniente con los beneficiarios de programas sociales. La existencia de este tipo de relaciones ha obligado a los beneficiarios a formar parte de alianzas políticas a largo plazo, a cambio de beneficios económicos. Lo que pareciera ser relación simbiótica para las partes, finalmente podría ser una relación con consecuencias negativas en términos de valores democráticos y un costo de oportunidad financiero para emprender otro tipo de inversiones sociales más eficientes. Entre más exista este tipo intercambio, mayor será la dependencia de este tipo de recursos en la región.

China has made great achievements in the reduction of poverty and has been widely recognized by the world. On the contrary, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) are trapped in poverty. For this reason, cooperation between both parties is fundamental to achieve the goals of the UN Sustainable Development Agenda for 2030. In order to evaluate the collaborations focused on poverty reduction made by both parties, and to improve the process with viable strategies, this article is made qualitatively through extensive reading. Likewise, it is divided into three main objectives: first, describing poverty from a multiple dimension of LAC; second, defining the advantages and challenges of cooperation from the macro, meso, and micro levels; and third, designing improvement strategies for collaboration, focused on reducing the poverty of both parties in the future. For the last 20 years, China and LAC have conducted a great number of collaborations in terms of politics, economics, infrastructure, culture, among others. Furthermore, promoting economic development has helped to reduce the poverty rate. However, the process is also made difficult by challenges, the lack of specific political mechanisms, and the construction of infrastructure that produces negative influences. In that sense, international trade must expand both the volume and range of products and the cultural exchange must enlarge its coverage, etc. Finally, under the five indicators of the Belt and Road initiative, the article proposes a series of strategies for the future. ; China ha alcanzado grandes logros en la reducción de pobreza y ha sido ampliamente reconocida por el mundo. Por el contrario, América Latina y Caribe (ALC) está atrapada en la pobreza; así, la cooperación entre ambas partes va a ser muy importante para alcanzar los objetivos de la Agenda del Desarrollo Sostenible de la onu para 2030. Con el fin de evaluar las colaboraciones enfocadas en la reducción de pobreza hechas por ambas partes, y mejorar el proceso con estrategias viables, este ...

PROSPERA is a conditional cash transfer program of the Mexican federal government for povertyalleviation. The Program transfers resources to mothers in exchange for girls and boys attendingschool and medical examinations. This mechanism has improved the health, education and nutritionlevels of its beneficiaries, especially those who live in rural areas. Nevertheless, this research contendsthat it has also been an additional burden on women, and it has increased their time poverty. ; PROSPERA es un programa de transferencias condicionadas del gobierno federal mexicano que atiende a la población en condición de pobreza, a través de acciones en las áreas de salud, educación y alimentación. El Programa transfiere recursos a las madres de familia a cambio de que las niñas y niños asistan a la escuela y a revisiones médicas. En esta investigación se explora la situación actual de las mujeres en zonas rurales en México y se sostiene que este mecanismo, si bien ha mejorado los niveles de vida en las zonas rurales, también ha representado una carga adicional de trabajo para las mujeres, e incrementado su pobreza de tiempo.

This paper reviews Bolivia's economic and social development over the period 1985-99, and investigates the country's future prospects for pro-poor growth using a Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. It turns out that past economic growth cannot be called pro-poor. Model simulations show that under optimistic assumptions the growth and poverty goals envisaged in the Bolivian poverty reduction strategy may be achieved, but that performance will fall short of expectations once external shocks are taken into account. The evolution of poverty is likely to remain uneven, with considerable improvements in urban areas and a high persistence in rural areas.

ural poverty, a widespread problem for the Paraguayan government over the last decade ¿as well as for other economies in the region-, led to the implementation, in 2016 and 2017, of the ¿Sembrando Oportunidades Familia por Familia¿ pilot program, an initiative based on the graduation approach to reduce the incidence of extreme poverty in rural areas. Evaluating the intervention results is essential to understand the effectiveness of this approach in reducing poverty in the Paraguayan context, where the government is in charge of its implementation. For this evaluation, an instrumental-variable impact evaluation and a results evaluation were conducted, showing significant positive changes in the treated households¿ productive capacity and savings behavior as well in their perception of wellbeing. These results are useful for the design of a program that can help to effectively overcome extreme poverty in this and other developing countries. This exercise is part of the set of evaluations carried out by the Platform for Evaluation and Learning of the Graduation Program in Latin America (www.plataformagraduacionla.info).

El presente trabajo apunta a revisar el rol de la Antropología como ciencia, frente al fenómeno de la globalización. Se aborda el tema de lo global y lo local: el modelo neoliberal, la problemática de la pobreza a nivel mundial y la redefinición de las políticas sociales en la Argentina, en función de la coyuntura socioeconómica imperante. Ahí, las conceptualizaciones estigmatizantes sobre la "pobreza" y los "pobres" que dichas políticas emplean, no se corresponden con lo que sienten y piensan las personas con respecto a su situación de "pobreza". En este sentido se intenta abrir el debate y la reflexión crítica y conjunta sobre la intromisión de Occidente en el espacio del "otro"; intromisión que deviene en reducción del espacio: espacio que es físico, social y simbólico. ; The present work proposes a revision of the role that Anthropology plays as a science in our era of globalization. The topic of the global and the local is discussed: the neo-liberal model, the problem of poverty in the world, and the redefinition of social politics in Argentina as a function of the prevailing socioeconomic situation. There, the conceptualizations stigmatizing "poverty" and the "impoverished", used by politics, don't fit with the people´s perspective on "poverty". In this sense, we propose to open a debate and a critical reflection on the Western interference into the space of the "other"; interference that becomes reduction of space: a physical, social and symbolic space. ; Grupo de Investigación Antropología y Filosofía (SEJ-126). Universidad de Granada

This Spanish language book provides an overview of Bolivia's Amazonian department of Pando, its geography and the conditions faced by rural residents and local government. The book's six chapters provide detailed analysis of regional poverty and the government agencies and civil society actors responsible for poverty alleviation. Key topics include how Bolivia conceptualizes poverty, how data on poverty in the country are collected and reported, and how this information results in specific poverty reduction activities. The first three chapters provide a comprehensive overview of Bolivia's policies and legislation related to poverty reduction. Central to these are the Poverty Reduction Strategy and the National Dialogue Law that define the mechanisms that guide actions at the local level. The first three chapters form the introduction to a detailed analysis of poverty in the Amazon region of northern Bolivia, a region that relies largely on forestry production, and where CIFOR has been conducting social research since the mid 1990s. The book provides an excellent introduction to readers interested in poverty at the forest margins in Bolivia.

first year of the Sebastian Piñera government are analyzed. It is argued that the former government implemented a series of welfare-type social policies focused on reducing extreme poverty, while the current government took on this long term strategy without seeming to engage in discussions about new poverty-reduction policies. Indeed, President Piñera has hinted at deepening the welfare-type nature of poverty reduction, while improving on specific aspects deemed unsatisfactory. ; En el trabajo se analiza la implementación de las estrategias destinadas a superación de la pobreza en el primer año del gobierno de Sebastián Piñera. Se argumenta que durante el gobierno que antecedió al actual, se instauró una serie de políticas sociales de carácter asistencialista que apuntaban continuar con la reducción de la pobreza extrema y, por lo tanto, el actual gobierno se encontró con una estrategia de superación de la pobreza de largo plazo que no ha sido mayoritariamente discutida. El Presidente Piñera ha planteado profundizar el carácter asistencialista de la política social en cuestión y el mejoramiento de ciertos aspectos considerados como deficitarios.

The current economic situation is often compared to the events experienced in the thirties and seventies of the last century. However, a careful analysis must consider not only the similarities but also differences, which could shed light on the present economic conditions. The analysis of recent developments in the Euro Area can draw attention to the existence of problems on both the supply and demand sides, as well as on the possible impact of higher rates of poverty risk over the worsening of the situation; which would make political concerns for poverty reduction not only a challenge from the standpoint of solidarity, but also of political efficacy against the problems of recession. ; A menudo se compara la situación económica actual con los episodios vividos en los años treinta y setenta del pasado siglo. Sin embargo, se pasa por alto analizar detenidamente no sólo las semejanzas, sino también las diferencias, lo que podría arrojar luz sobre las patologías económicas que deben afrontarse. El análisis de la evolución de los acontecimientos en la Zona Euro permite llamar la atención sobre la existencia de problemas tanto en el lado de la oferta como de la demanda; así como sobre la eventual incidencia de las mayores tasas de riesgo de pobreza en el agravamiento de la situación, lo que convertiría las preocupaciones políticas para reducir la pobreza no sólo en un desafío desde el punto de vista de la solidaridad, sino también de la eficacia política ante los problemas de la recesión.

A menudo se compara la situación económica actual con los episodios vividos en los años treinta y setenta del pasado siglo. Sin embargo, se pasa por alto analizar detenidamente no sólo las semejanzas, sino también las diferencias, lo que podría arrojar luz sobre las patologías económicas que deben afrontarse. El análisis de la evolución de los acontecimientos en la Zona Euro permite llamar la atención sobre la existencia de problemas tanto en el lado de la oferta como de la demanda; así como sobre la eventual incidencia de las mayores tasas de riesgo de pobreza en el agravamiento de la situación, lo que convertiría las preocupaciones políticas para reducir la pobreza no sólo en un desafío desde el punto de vista de la solidaridad, sino también de la eficacia política ante los problemas de la recesión. ; The current economic situation is often compared to the events experienced in the thirties and seventies of the last century. However, a careful analysis must consider not only the similarities but also differences, which could shed light on the present economic conditions. The analysis of recent developments in the Euro Area can draw attention to the existence of problems on both the supply and demand sides, as well as on the possible impact of higher rates of poverty risk over the worsening of the situation; which would make political concerns for poverty reduction not only a challenge from the standpoint of solidarity, but also of political efficacy against the problems of recession.

Article is a preliminary preview of the results of a further study on the incidence it has had in Colombia public social spending on poverty reduction. The results so far suggest that different factors have influenced in the structure and territorial distribution of poverty in Colombia, among which is the expenditure of public resources that by constitutional and legal mandate should be aimed at mitigating poverty levels in the country. ; En el artículo se presenta un avance preliminar de los resultados de un estudio acerca de la incidencia que ha tenido en Colombia el gasto público social sobre la reducción de la pobreza. Los resultados hasta ahora sugieren que diversos factores han influido en la estructura y distribución territorial de la pobreza en Colombia, entre los cuales se encuentra el gasto de los recursos públicos, que por mandato constitucional y legal debe estar orientado a mitigar los niveles de pobreza en el país.

Poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon of a structural nature in Mexico which was formally addressed until the revolutionary era, when social policy was positioned on the government's agenda and the fight against poverty became one of the priorities of national policy. Among the many instruments that have been used, tourism has begun to be considered as a strategy that contributes to improving the quality of life of some communities. Therefore, this document seeks to examine the state of the art of poverty-tourism and its link with Community-Based Tourism (CBT), since it has been shown that this model is effective in reducing poverty. Through a cabinet analysis of 178 scientific articles deposited in the Redalyc, Dialnet, Latindex, Scielo and Scopus databases, published from 2015 to 2020, it is found that only 16 articles refer to these topics and consider that the CBT is an effective tool in order to reduce poverty in Mexico. The final reflections observe that historical events will characterize the future of the country, so it is necessary to rethink questions and generate new questions to determine whether tourism is really a path for sustainable development and poverty reduction in communities that have invaluable natural and cultural resources. ; La pobreza es un fenómeno multidimensional de carácter estructural en México que recibe un tratamiento formal hasta la época revolucionaria, cuando la política social se posiciona en la agenda de gobierno y el combate a la pobreza se convierte en una de las prioridades de la política nacional. Entre los múltiples instrumentos que se han utilizado, el turismo ha comenzado a considerarse como una estrategia que contribuye a mejorar la calidad de vida de algunas comunidades. Por lo que este documento, tiene como objetivo vislumbrar el estado del arte de la pobreza-turismo y su vinculación con el Turismo de Base Comunitario (TBC), ya que se ha demostrado que éste es un modelo con efectividad en la reducción de la pobreza. A través de un análisis de gabinete de 178 ...

La reducción de la pobreza es una apuesta pública en Colombia que ha generado logros significativos, al tiempo que ha ampliado las asimetrías sociales de la población rural y las poblaciones étnicas del país. Este artículo analiza la forma en que se ha implementado el enfoque diferencial de la Red de Protección Social contra la Extrema Pobreza, Estrategia UNIDOS, en las poblaciones indígenas de Colombia. Esto, mediante la realización de un análisis documental y la aplicación de entrevistas a funcionarios de las entidades que integran la Red UNIDOS y la Estrategia UNIDOS, así como a beneficiarios pertenecientes a seis comunidades indígenas del país. ; The reduction of poverty is a public bet in Colombia that has generated significant achievements, while it has broadened the social asymmetries of the rural population and the ethnic populations of the country. This article analyzes the way in which the differential approach of the Extreme Poverty Reduction Strategy, UNIDOS Strategy, has been implemented in the indigenous populations of Colombia, through a documentary analysis and the application of interviews to officials of the entities that integrate the UNIDOS Network, the UNIDOS Strategy and beneficiaries belonging to six indigenous communities of the country.