Suchergebnisse

The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and identify the factors of chronic poverty.

The article shows social indicators of the level of socio-economic inequality prevailing in Russia in recent decades; specific poverty lines and categories of the poor in Russian society are revealed; the regional nature of poverty is highlighted. It is concluded that the main causes of Russian poverty lie in the organization of the economic sphere of society and the activities of political institutions.

The article deals with the problems of poverty in modern Russia, assessment of the state and measures to reduce its scale. The main threats to the social development of territorial entities are the low standard of living of the population and the spread of poverty. The main indicators that characterize the level of poverty in Russia and its regions are analyzed: the share of the population with monetary incomes below the subsistence rate, credit debts of Russians and their social well-being. Official statistics and the results of sociological research confirm the low indicators of the quality of life of the population of the territorial entities.

The article states the necessity to improve the methodology of assessing the level of poverty, including the regional one. The analysis of poverty level in the Samara region is based on the absolute conception of establishment of a poverty line, structure of the regional consumer basket and energy value of food products constituting it. The structure of households consumer expenses is investigated. The authors offer to use an integrated indicator for poverty measuring covering monetary and not monetary one-aspect indicators. Along with indicators of income and expenses of the population the presented system of private indicators includes the characteristic of the labor market condition, access to education services, health care and housing. The methodology the poverty level assessment is tested on information arrays of Privolzhsky Federal District (PFD). The article provides typologization of subjects of PFD dependent on the level of poverty problem sharpness.

One of the trends in the modern labor market is the increase of its flexibility, which is manifested in the development of forms of employment that do not require a permanent presence at the employer's workplace. If properly regulated, such forms can be used to solve one of the most important problems of Russian society — reducing poverty among families with children. The question of the extent to which poverty affects birth rates is still an open one, as there is contradictory evidence. Nevertheless, it can be argued that the development of non-standard forms of employment is an important tool of socio-demographic policy, which is aimed not only at improving the living standards of families with children but also at regulating demographic processes. The article looks at the dynamics of poverty in families with children and attempts to determine to what extent the development of such forms of employment will affect the demographic situation. It is concluded that poverty reduction in families with children will be positively affected. However, the demographic results will be more controversial.

Жилище является одним из важнейших элементов культуры, связанных с материальными потребностями и аксиологическими ценностями этноса. В предлагаемом исследовании, ориентированном на выявление идейного своеобразия паремий и ценностного восприятия жилого строения носителями русской и китайской культур, используется метод лингвокультурологического анализа. В центре внимания - компоненты пословицы-наименования жилых строений богача и бедняка и те представления, что проявляются в паремиях двух языков. Результаты проведенного анализа показывают, что наименования жилища, используемые в двух языках, широко представлены в паремиях, что говорит о его важности в жизни человека; они служат для указания на материальное состояние его владельца, для выражения отношения к жилищу и расстановки ценностных приоритетов носителей языка и культуры. С одной стороны, в русских и китайских паремиях выражается ряд общих лингвокультурологических установок: негативное отношение к богатому жилью, тесно связанное с идеей социального неравенства; предпочтительность собственного жилья качественному, но чужому и др. С другой стороны, в китайских паремиях более ценным представляется моральное состояние собственника, его образованность и перспективы, а в русских паремиях акцентируется важность здоровья, любви и согласия и т. д.
Dwelling is one of the most important elements of culture associated with the material needs and axiological values of the ethnos. In the proposed study, focused on identifying the ideological specifics of the paremias and the value perception of the dwelling by representatives of Russian and Chinese cultures, the method of linguocultural analysis is used. The focus is on the components of the proverb-names of the rich and poor residential buildings and those ideas that are expressed by the proverbs of the two languages. The results of the analysis show that the names of the dwelling, used in two languages, are widely represented in paremias, which proves its importance in human life; they serve to indicate the material condition of its owner, to express the attitude towards the dwelling and to set the value priorities of native speakers of the proper language and culture. On the one hand, a number of common linguocultural attitudes are expressed in Russian and Chinese paremias: a negative attitude towards rich housing, closely related to the idea of social inequality; a positive assessment of one's own poor housing, compared with high-quality, but somebody else's, etc. On the other hand, in Chinese paremias, the moral state of the owner, his education and prospects are more valuable, while in Russian paremias the importance of health, love and harmony, etc. is emphasized.

This article presents the results of the authors' research, conducted in one of Russia's more significant agricultural regions – Orel Province. The study was based on an integrative approach, which involves a combination of objective and subjective criteria and sub-criteria for inclusion into the impoverished strata. The sample's representativeness (n=1154) is guaranteed by age, gender, area of employment and type of settlement, with margin of error for the population sample amounting to no more than 2.3%. The method for interpreting the results of the study is based on dividing the community into impoverished and non-impoverished strata, as it was done for analyzing poverty and inequality in modern Russia in a report of the same name by the Institute of Sociology of the RAS. Such an interpretive approach allowed for the authors to identify considerable discrepancies in the qualitative assessments and quantitative characteristics of the phenomenon of poverty by the highlighted strata consisting of the impoverished and non-impoverished. The research results allowed for isolating the primary reasons leading to poverty, based on the evaluations of both the impoverished and the non-impoverished.

The authors figured out that, when members of the population identify their position in the social structure of the region, the non-impoverished tend to underestimate their status in comparison to the objective values of poverty criteria, while the impoverished tend to over-estimate their social standing. Comparing the impoverished and non-impoverished based on social-professional criteria confirmed one of the clauses of the social stratification theory, the broad interpretation of which suggests a direct correlation between one's education level and belonging to non-impoverished groups of the population. The general conclusion to the study suggests that the impoverished groups of Orel Province's population lead less fulfilled lives when compared to the non-impoverished, especially when it comes to commercialized forms of recreation, as well as that the former find themselves in a state of deprivation, despite their own desire to position themselves outside of the poverty zone.

The authors draw the conclusion that, given a situation when poverty is a global issue, with it becoming a target index for an increasing amount of countries and regions in the last few years, singling out poverty should become a priority for Russian social policy, both on a federal and regional level.

The aim of this work is to analyze the financial situation and the level of social support received by families with children in Ulyanovsk oblast on the basis of the data from household survey conducted in Ulyanovsk oblast. The study showed that the poverty rate among the surveyed households with children under 18 is significantly higher than the total poverty rate among the households. Many families with children cannot afford buying goods and services they need. In order to maintain their consumption level, a significant proportion of families with children have to take out loans. Analysis of the survey data shows that the coverage of families with children by social benefits is quite high. At the same time, even among the poor households with children, one quarter of households does not receive any social benefits. The surveyed families with children noted difficulties faced by them in obtaining information about social benefits and in collecting necessary documents, long waiting in queues when applying for benefits. The calculations show that provision of regional benefits, including targeted regional benefits, reduces the poverty rate among households with children only slightly. In general, regional benefits are more likely to reduce the extreme poverty of household with children. The analysis presented in the article allows determining possible directions for improving the social support system in Ulyanovsk oblast.

The article presents the results of a study conducted by the authors that continues to monitor the level of housing deprivation of the Russian population based on criteria standards. The scales of groups that differ in quantitative and qualitative parameters of housing conditions are identified, and estimates of the distribution of the population by the level of housing deprivation and monetary income are obtained. We have identified higher levels of housing poverty among the Russian population that exceed the level of monetary income poverty, as well as a significant number of population groups whose housing conditions do not meet the requirements of the criterion standard that determines the middle level of housing deprivation. Priorities for solving problems in the sphere of housing deprivation of the population are identified and mechanisms for their implementation are proposed.