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ABSTRACTThis paper examines how prejudice biases an evaluation outcome. We also show that referring to past data, which leads to prejudice, can provide a better estimator for the quality of the object under evaluation, even if biased, in the sense that it reduces the mean squared error. However, in cases in which the quality of the evaluation depends on the referee's effort, as well as on his ability, prejudice aggravates the evaluation outcome by dampening his refereeing efforts, thus possibly yielding a worse estimator than no prejudice even in terms of the mean squared error. If evaluators possess prejudice, an individual's performance in the earlier stage of his career becomes more important, at least in the short run, thus creating an incentive to work harder in the earlier stage than in the later stage. This may provide an alternative explanation for cut‐throat competition in the earlier stage to the traditional signaling argument.

According to recent theorizing in social psychology, social behavior is controlled not only by reflective, but also by impulsive systems. The latter are based on associative links that may influence behavior without intent. The current study examined how prejudiced implicit associations affect physiological and automatic behavioral responses. Our native Dutch participants were immersed in a virtual environment in which they encountered virtual persons (avatars) with either White or Moroccan facial features. In line with our predictions, participants maintained more distance and showed an increase in skin conductance level when approaching Moroccan avatars as opposed to White avatars. Participants' implicit negative associations with Moroccans moderated both effects. Moreover, evidence was found that the relation between implicit prejudice and distance effects was fully mediated by skin conductance level effects. These data demonstrate how prejudiced implicit associations may unintentionally lead to impulsive discriminatory responses.

Prejudice theory : Bogardus & the social distance scale -- Adorno's authoritarian personality -- Prejudice theory : realistic conflict theory -- Prejudice theory : Scapegoat theory -- Ethnocentrism & racism -- Genocide -- Institutional prejudice -- Segregation -- Race, ethnicity & income inequality -- Assimilation -- Cultural prejudice & discrimination -- Cross-societal contact : stereotypes -- Interminority racism -- Racial profiling -- Ending racism & discrimination in the United States.

1. The social neuroscience of prejudice : then, now, and what's to come / David M. Amodio -- 2. Evolutionary perspectives on prejudice / Catherine A. Cottrell and Justin H. Park -- 3. When we see prejudice : the normative window and social change / Christian S. Crandall, Mark A. Ferguson, and Angela J. Bahns -- 4. An adaptationist perspective on the psychology of intergroup prejudice / Carlos David Navarrete and Joshua M. Tybur -- 5. Stereotype threat / Jenessa R. Shapiro and Joshua Aronson -- 6. Cultural dynamics of intergroup relations : how communications can shape intergroup reality / Yoshihisa Kashima -- 7. Stereotypes and prejudice from an intergroup relations perspective : their relation to social structure / Felicia Pratto, Kristin E. Henkel, and I-Ching Lee -- 8. From prejudiced people to prejudiced places : a social-contextual approach to prejudice / Mary C. Murphy and Gregory M. Walton -- 9. Social psychological approaches to understanding small-group diversity : the flexibility of cognitive representations / Julia D. O'Brien and Charles Stangor -- 10. Group identification and prejudice distribution : implications for diversity / Cheryl R. Kaiser and Kerry E. Spalding -- 11. Oh the places we should go! : stereotyping and prejudice in (real) mixed interactions / Eden King and Mikki Hebl.

Prejudice theory : Bogardus & the social distance scale -- Intersectionality -- Adorno's authoritarian personality -- Prejudice theory : realistic conflict theory -- Prejudice theory : scapegoat theory -- Ethnocentrism & racism -- Genocide -- Institutional prejudice -- Segregation -- Race, ethnicity & income inequality -- Assimilation -- Cultural prejudice & discrimination -- Cross-societal contact : stereotypes -- Interminority racism -- Racial profiling -- Ending racism & discrimination in the United States.

"Prejudice and Religion" published on by Oxford University Press.

Tim Parks, author of Where I'm Reading From, thinks ornate books like Catton's signal the increasingly formulaic highwire act of what he calls 'the dull new global novel.' He critiques the Spanish- Argentine writer Andres Neuman's Traveler of the Century and the Briton William Boyd's Waiting for Sunrise as 'complex literary novels together with the kind of high-tension plot that can attract a wider readership.' Imagine Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice without the provincial protocols of courtship in 19th-century Hertfordshire. The current shift in the novel dovetails with-and may even respond to-another development: Prestigious English-language book prizes, once limited to writers from a handful of countries, are opening up to worldwide competition. In 2013, when the Man Booker announced it would accept non-Commonwealth books, the decision drew fierce criticism. The world's writers and publishers are now invested in that game. While some novelists pander to the broadest possible international readership, however, many great ones still tilt in the other direction. Adapted from the source document.

Accompanying the spread of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) across the globe was a proliferation in anti-Asian hate crimes and political rhetoric. These discriminatory actions mirrored the prejudice exhibited towards other groups in past pandemics, such as Jewish populations in Europe during the Black Death between 1346 and 1353. This study aimed to determine similar patterns relating to and underlying the prejudice seen in past pandemics, focusing on three categories: hate crimes, political rhetoric, and religiosity. Prejudice against Jewish people during the Bubonic plague, Immigrants in America during the 1918 Flu, and Asian Americans during COVID-19 were investigated in this study because of the historical record of existing prejudice against these groups before the start of the pandemics. Overall, this study found that there was no general pattern of hate crimes during past pandemics without accompanying political rhetoric. In addition, there was no general pattern in religiosity in the pandemics studied, suggesting that the prejudice was not fueled by religious motivations. Given the small selection of pandemics analyzed in this study, further analysis with more pandemics could present more robust conclusions.