Suchergebnisse

"This book explores the effect of semi-presidentialism on newly-democratising countries. In recent years semi-presidentialism -- the situation where a constitution makes provision for both a directly elected president and a prime minister who is responsible to the legislature -- has become the regime type of choice for many countries"--

"This book explores the effect of semi-presidentialism on newly-democratising countries. In recent years semi-presidentialism -- the situation where a constitution makes provision for both a directly elected president and a prime minister who is responsible to the legislature -- has become the regime type of choice for many countries"--

In countries as diverse as Brazil, Ecuador, France, Russia, South Africa, and the United States, presidents have come to dominate the politics and political cultures of their nations. Michael Mezey offers a comprehensive cross-national study of the presidency, tracing the historical and intellectual roots of executive power and exploring in detail the contemporary forces that have driven a turn toward "presidentialism."

Parliamentarism has been a presiding characteristic of the Turkish political tradition since the 1876 Ottoman constitution. In 1923, with the founding of the Turkish Republic, modern parliamentarism was implemented in Turkey. Since that time, Turkish politics has been turbulent, with four military coups, a number of short-lived multiparty coalitions, and several ineffective governments. Many scholars have argued that the main reason for this instability is the parliamentary system of government, so Turkey must therefore adopt a presidential system. 'Presidentialism in Turkey' uses both quantitative analysis and country-based comparisons to explore whether such a change might solve Turkey's main political problems or if it might in fact create more problems for the nation. The relationship between government systems and political, economic, and social development is explored in a time-series analysis covering the period 1975-2014 for Turkey. It is argued that during this time period, the parliamentary system was better than the presidential system at boosting economic and political development, whereas the presidential system provides better social development. Furthermore, a country-based analysis in which Turkey is compared with other states that have used a presidential system at some point since 1975 highlights that each country has its own specific characteristics that affect its economic and political success. Thus, a regime transformation to a presidential system will not necessarily improve Turkey's economic, political, and social development. By including a comparison of all presidential, parliamentary and semi-presidential systems, this book helps to shed new light on what is a very controversial topic in Turkey.

Contents -- Contributor Bios -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Chapter 1: Semi-presidentialism in Democracies, Quasi-­democracies, and Autocracies -- Semi-presidentialism: What Is It and Where Is It Found? -- Some Common Misconceptions about Semi-presidentialism -- Semi-presidentialism in the Caucasus and Central Asia -- Research Questions -- Do Institutions Matter in Post-Soviet Countries? -- If So, Do They Matter for Democratic Performance? -- Whatever the Answer, Has the Organization of the Executive and Executive-Legislative Relations Had an Impact on Political Life?

What is semi-presidentialism and where is it found? / Robert Elgie -- The advantages and disadvantages of semi-presidentialism : a West-European perspective / Gianfranco Pasquino -- Semi-presidentialism in young democracies : help or hindrance? / Sophia Moestrup -- Semi-presidentialism in a post-communist context / François Frison-Roche -- Semi-presidentialism in a Francophone context / Gérard Conac -- Semi-presidentialism in Madagascar / Charles Cadoux -- Semi-presidentialism in Niger : gridlock and democratic breakdown : learning from past mistakes / Sophia Moestrup -- Semi-presidentialism and the preservation of ambiguity in post-war Mozambique / Carrie Manning -- Semi-presidentialism in Guinea-Bissau : the lesser of two evils? / Elisabete Azevedo and Lia Nijzink -- Eurasian semi-presidentialism : the development of Kyrgyzstan's model of government / Eugene Huskey -- Semi-presidentialism in Mongolia : trade-offs between stability and governance / Sophia Moestrup and Gombosurengiin Ganzorig -- Semi-presidentialism : easy to choose, difficult to operate : the case of Taiwan / Yu-Shan Wu -- Timor-Leste : semi-presidentialism and the democratic transition in a new, small state / Dennis Shoesmith -- The choice of semi-presidentialism and its consequences / Sophia Moestrup

1. Semi-presidentialism in Democracies, Quasi-democracies, and Autocracies -- 2. From Patronal First Secretary to Patronal President: Post Soviet Political Regimes in Context -- 3. Semi-presidentialism in Armenia -- 4. Semi-presidentialism in Azerbaijan -- 5. Semi-presidentialism in Georgia -- 6. Constitutional Development of Independent Kazakhastan -- 7. Semi-presidentialism in Kyrgyzstan -- 8. Weaker Presidents, Better Semi-presidentialism?

"Presidentialism and Democracy in East and Southeast Asia examines the impact of presidential systems on democracies by examining three distinct literatures - the perilousness of competing legitimacies of the executive and legislative branches, issues of institutional design (particularly regarding semi-presidentialism), and the rise of executive aggrandizement. Despite often intense political conflict and temporary instability in the East and Southeast Asia, presidential systems of various types - from relatively "pure" forms to semi-presidentialism and other hybrids - have largely been resilient. Although there are signs of growing autocratization in several cases, presidentialism, associated with both accommodation and conflict, has usually not driven it. This book's contributions to presidentialism debates will be of interests to students and scholars of comparative politics while it also offers detailed analysis of the presidency in these East and Southeast Asian cases"--

"Presidentialism and Democracy in East and Southeast Asia examines the impact of presidential systems on democracies by examining three distinct literatures - the perilousness of competing legitimacies of the executive and legislative branches, issues of institutional design (particularly regarding semi-presidentialism), and the rise of executive aggrandizement. Despite often intense political conflict and temporary instability in the East and Southeast Asia, presidential systems of various types - from relatively "pure" forms to semi-presidentialism and other hybrids - have largely been resilient. Although there are signs of growing autocratization in several cases, presidentialism, associated with both accommodation and conflict, has usually not driven it. This book's contributions to presidentialism debates will be of interests to students and scholars of comparative politics while it also offers detailed analysis of the presidency in these East and Southeast Asian cases"--