Suchergebnisse

The Argentine monetary system was established by law Nº 1030 in 1881. This law adopted the bimetallism gold and silver, a system which was short lived, barely lasting two years until law 1354 disposed that the banks should only issue notes payable in national gold pesos, thus following the system of the countries of the Latin Union. A far reaching event was the creation of the Conversion Bank in 1890, an activity which was to last 45 years, and to which the country is indebted for its outstanding services. The object of its existence was the conversion (exchange of gold to notes) and the withdrawal of gold in circulation. In response to the necessity of carrying out a monetary security programme, in 1935 law 12155 created the Central Bank. It was not formed as an official entity, its aim being to assure independence from political powers. However, in 1946, due to contrary ideas, the Central Bank was nationalized together with the deposits of the commercial banks. When the Central Bank was created it had the exclusive privilege of issuing notes, but was obliged to maintain a minimum metallic reserve, thus responding to the ideas of that time, where metallic guarantee was considered to be the firmest support of currency value. Now days on the contrary it is considered to be a system in decline. However, money issuing should be limited in accordance with BENDIXEN'S words "Issue new money when progress of economic life increases production and withdraw it from circulation when production decreases". ; Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas

G. Mosca defines pol'al sci as the study of the laws which govern the org of pol'al powers. Setting aside the explanation of the pol'al differentiation of societies on the bases of climate & of race, he uses the historical method, focusing particularly on the history of institutions. His most interesting contribution consists in the notion of political class the ruling minority that is found in all societies having attained a certain degree of development, no matter what their form of gov. The form of gov is, after all, only a compromise between the 2 tendencies which operate in the midst of all societies, the autocratic & the democratic tendency. Numerous commentators have seen in Mosca a theorist on the side of authoritarian regimes. He seems, on the contrary, to be a passionate liberal, in the tradition of Montesquieu. The weakness of his work derives from his rationalism. By refusing to include anything transcendental in his theoretical explication, he minimizes the influence of religious & moral factors, & on the practical level, he cannot regard the activity of the state as being anything other than the very vague one of national welfare. Tr from IPSA.

From the origins of modern society, the Reformation & the Industrial Revolution, was born pol'al sociol (PS). The study of class conflict & that of consensus according to Marx & de Tocqueville, & that of bur'cy & democracy according to Weber 4z Michels, makes one feel that the conditions which encouraged democracy resulted from these 2 sources of cleavage & consensus. US PS has emphasized the aspect of cleavage & has tended to ignore consensus. Electoral studies, pol'al movements, bur'cy, internal gov, voluntary associations, etc, must be considered to be concrete phenomena. The concept of power is at the basis of the study of consensus, & PS must try to discover the soc circumstances & the consequences of democracy. Comparative analyses, such as that already attempted by de Tocqueville, seem to be esp useful in PS. Tr by J. A. Broussard from IPSA.

1. Inving A. Leonard. Historia de la imprenta en los antiguos dominios españoles de América y Oceanía, por J. T. Medina. 2. Eugenio Pereira. Noticias sobre los médicos en Chile en los siglos XVI, XVII y XVIII, por Enrique Laval M.3. Eladio García T. Las fuentes y los temas de Polifemo de Góngora, por Antonio Vilanova.4. Leonardo Fuentealba. La teoría de las corrientes educativas, por Pedro Rosello.5. Sergio Villalobos R. Political change in Latin America: the emergence of the middle sectors, por J. Johnson. 6. Vicente Salas Viu. Cuerpo a tierra, por Ricardo Fernández de la Reguera.7. Danilo Salcedo Vodnizza. Problemes d' Amerique Latine, por William W. Pierson y Federico G. Gill8. Danilo Salcedo Vodnizza. Problemes d' Amerique Latine, por William W. George Friedmann.9. José Vázquez Hidalgo. Las nubes y los años, por Fernando González Urízar. 10. Ximena Montero. Les epoques del Théatre francais, por Mario Naudon de la Sotta.

It is evident the oscillations in money value and the abandoning of the gold-bullion standard, contributed to accentuate the chaotic situation in international trade, considerably decreasing its volume, annulling free trade and reducing it a system of barter and bilateral agreements. The aggravation of economic nationalist began to submit humanity to the greatest crisis known, which added to ideologic, political and social factors determined the outbreak of the second world war. With the creation of the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the United Nations except to successfully overcome the difficulties and restore an era of collective security which insures general peace and property; however, in order to make this possible it will be necessary for the countries to commence by ordinating their internal problems. As far as the Argentine Republic is concerned, its programs may be exposed in few words: Loyal fulfillment of international commitments, to legislate in accordance with the requirements of the moment, procuring greater justice, to cooperate in a collective effort and to adapt the country to the new postwar features, it being our history duty not to remain indifferent to these grave problems ; Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas

The US is seeking a new party system. Neither the Democratic (Dem) Party nor the Republican (Rep) Party appears to be deserving of the confidence of the electorate, & especially not that of the independent voter who is the result of prosperity. The results of the Nov, 1956 elections show that if there exists an Eisenhower myth, as there did a Roosevelt myth, the identification of Eisenhower with the Rep Party has not come about. If Eisenhower has defeated the opposition at the national level, the Dem Party has succeeded in defeating the Rep Party in local elections. However, this Dem majority has itself changed in makeup: it is no longer dependent upon the public. By 1931, this shift in PO was already obvious. President Roosevelt, who replaced the traditionalist Hoover, decided that the recognition of the USSR posed no problems that could not be solved through diplomatic negotiations. He entered into discussions with Litvinov on the limiting of Communist propaganda in US territories & on the granting of freedom of belief to US citizens in the USSR. Once these problems were resolved, recognition of the USSR ensued, & the opponents of this policy were effectively silenced by this event. In another sense, the panic of 1929 destroyed the belief of Americans in the supremacy of their nation over that of the USSR, a belief which was founded not upon the equilibrium of forces but upon arbitrary moral judgments, & the panic forced the US to solve the Soviet problem in a realistic fashion (in terms of power). Tr by J. A. Broussard from IPSA.

This work interprets Dilteyan thought, the first paragraphs that refer to the composition of the volume, are in small print, a letter that the reader can save or return to it if he deems it appropriate so as not to lose the thread. Because the thread runs from prologue to prologue, and not precisely the one that sews the sheets for this day. It is an approach to the work of Dilthey, in which problems have been planted, tried to solve later by returning to questions already started, repeating expositions, all this in a deliberate mimicry in the Diltheyan way, a non-naturalistic mimicry, of grasshoppers or butterfly, but hermeneutic: pampering on the inside, and not only with the head, which on the inside moved him not to let his hand rest throughout his life. The reader will judge whether the procedure is recommended, since not on all occasions, in this exceptional way to express clearly and briefly the broad and impetuous current of one of the most considerable thinkers of the time.

Escrito que expone el lado inconstitucional que tenían las mejoras materiales que realizaba el Gobierno general en los Estados y la importancia de entrar en una vía de legalidad y de justicia,que conducirá a los campos del progreso positivo.

One of the most acute problems the world is facing now, is that of housing. To solve it, several solutions have been proposed, only three of which have been tried on a bigger scale: the direct intervention of the government, the private enterprise and the cooperative system. The first solution tried, has not been a success, as the unilateral intervention of the State could not solve the problem adequately; therefore an appeal was made to the private enterprise, to which some privileges were conceded; however, an other kind of enterprise should join its efforts to theirs, and this in our opinion would be the third solution of the problem, given by the cooperative system: the tenant cooperative and the credit cooperative. In the first system, the members would not be owners of the building but simple shareholders, with a right to a life a long location contract or to a renewable one. In the second case, the most interesting in our opinion, the cooperative would grant loans on mortgage, which could arrive to as much as 75-80% of the building's value, payable back in a determined number of years. ; Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas