Suchergebnisse

L'article presenta als investigadors els documents de la Causa General iniciada pel govern de Franco contra els espanyols republicans. El propòsit d'aquest article és fer possible l'ús crític dels documents i evitar el seu maniqueisme característic. A més, l'article orienta l'investigador per a no perdre's en les confuses i complicades instruccions que es troben en el lloc web PARES. ; El artículo presenta a los investigadores los documentos de la Causa General iniciada por el gobierno de Franco contra los españoles republicanos. El propósito de este artículo es hacer posible el uso crítico de los documentos y evitar su maniqueísmo característico. Además, el artículo orienta al investigador para que no se pierda en las confusas y complicadas instrucciones que se encuentran en el sitio web PARES. ; This article shows to investigators the documents of the Causa General started by Franco's government against the Spanish republicains. The purpose of this article is to make possible the critical use of the documents and avoid its characteristic manicheism. What is more, this article guides the investigators in order to not get lost in the confusing and complicated instructions found in the website PARES.

In this book [titled Home, welfare work and vulnerability] the authors take the reader on welfare workers' home visits to clients in need of support in their living. Welfare workers refer to professionals in health and social care who in the book are represented among others by social workers, social care workers and nurses. The main concepts of the book are home, welfare work and vulnerability and these are contemplated from different angles. Welfare work entails encountering people who are in vulnerable situations in the midst of their everyday lives. They may need support in coping with their mental health, with physical illnesses, with the challenges of achieving sobriety and recovery or perhaps with the difficulties accompanying old age. On the one hand their ability to act is limited and weak but on the other they have many kinds of strengths and resources.

The book addresses a significant turning point in welfare services and work at which the objective is defined as the right of every individual to their own home and making living at home feasible for as long as possible. In the last fifty years or so many societal factors have made possible the dismantling of institutions, the reduction of places and the shortening of stays in institutions, the further development of care in the community, the construction of small residential and care facilities and most recently the further development of services to be taken into people's homes. The last stage of this dismantling of institutions is referred to in the book as the "home turn". As a societal change the home turn is complex – and that is how it is approached in the book. When one's own home is the main place in which welfare policy and work are implemented, it is important to scrutinize more closely what actually occurs there and what special issues are connected to this given context.

The book offers a timely point of view on the development of welfare services and the grass-root level welfare work done in the homes. It draws on interaction research based on ethnomethodology and human geography. Research data consist of recordings of home visits, researcher's field diaries and interviews with clients and workers. The work includes both chapters providing conceptual and theoretical overviews and empirical research on the encounters between client and worker(s) on home visits. Welfare work accomplished in people's homes entails many tensions and ethical issues which are analysed in the book and made visible through the means of research.

"Drawing on the debate on mediatization of politics this study identifies cultural meanings, institutional practices and styles of argumentation as three theoretical dimensions that illuminate both the construction of journalistic publicity and its potential uses in political action. Based on the theoretical model, environmental politics is identified as a specific context for mediatization. In environmental politics, the interplay of cultural meanings, institutional practices and styles of argumentation define the construction and use of journalistic publicity in a way that differs from other fields of politics.

The empirical part of this study analyzes the newspaper coverage of three Finnish environmental conflicts from 1971, 1994 and 2012. The theoretical model is transformed into an analytical framework that focuses on discursive construction of the conflicts (cultural meanings), journalistic frames, narration and opinion-giving in the coverage of the conflicts and the publicity practices adopted by actors during the conflicts (institutional practices) and legitimation of arguments (styles of argumentation).

According to this study, the relation between media and politics in the field of environmental politics is defined by the increasing cultural significance of environmental protection from the 1970s to the present. In the newspaper coverage of the three environmental conflicts studied, changes on the frames, narration and opinion-giving of journalism resonated with this cultural change. However, the significance of environmental protection in the framing, narration and opinion-giving of journalism was greater in the national newspaper studied compared to the local newspapers selected based on their proximity to the conflict sites. Styles of argumentation appeared to be more case dependent. The increasing cultural significance of environmental protection did not have a clear effect on how arguments were legitimated. "

In contemporary democratic societies most administrations manage their competences by means of programmes of government action, i.e. using public policies. These aim to resolve publicly identified situations or conflicts, as well as design strategies and / or implementation tools by means of action programmes derived from political - public administration agreements that have the objective of resolving these collective problems. Within this framework it is necessary to evaluate these processes so as to identify if the programmes established by the governments have been adequate, and if they have been capable of solving the various problems and of reaching the target groups in order to satisfy their needs and improve the situation of the final beneficiaries. This research proposes the analysis and measurement of cultural events, understood as acts of implementing a public policy, in order to later discover if evaluating a policy by means of the proposed analysis of the impacts is possible. Therefore the challenge of this research is found in the process of analysing cultural impacts so as to be able to observe if this analysis process can be adapted to the effectiveness analysis of a public policy. ; En les societats democràtiques contemporànies, la majoria de les administracions gestionen les seves competències per mitjà de programes d'acció governamental, és a dir, les polítiques públiques, destinades a resoldre situacions identificades públicament. Així doncs les estratègies i/o eines d'implementació per mitjà dels programes d'acció - acords de l'administració pública- tenen l'objectiu de resoldre aquests problemes col•lectius. Dins d'aquest marc, cal avaluar aquests processos, per tal de determinar si els programes establerts pels governs han estat suficients, si han estat capaços de resoldre els diversos problemes i si han arribat als grups objectiu per tal de satisfer les seves necessitats, millorant la situació dels beneficiaris finals. Aquesta investigació proposa l'anàlisi i la mesura dels esdeveniments ...

Mai abans no s'havia produït una conjunció tan funesta entre uns nivells elevats i sostinguts de delinqüència i la cronificació social d'una por difusa al delicte. Per això, resulta significatiu el contrast entre el soroll eixordador (pocs assumptes reben tanta atenció) i l'escassa reflexió que suscita el fenomen de la inseguretat ciutadana. Això no evita gairebé mai la precipitació dels actors polítics i administratius cap a polítiques públiques de seguretat amb més aparença que no pas substància, científicament inconsistents, que no són degudament avaluades i que, consegüentment, no poden sinó aportar una eficiència dubtosa. No es tracta, doncs, de persistir en un debat polític basat en vetustes raons preestablertes entorn de la idoneïtat de les estratègies participatives o bé punitives, sinó de veure amb absoluta nitidesa la necessitat peremptòria de fonamentar les polítiques públiques de seguretat en un diagnòstic ajustat dels problemes específics que es pretenen solucionar. ; Al mateix temps que la inseguretat ciutadana genera cada vegada més atenció en les agendes públiques i en les polítiques, es va fent evident una manca de reflexió profunda i pausada sobre el fenomen, el que condueix a una definició de polítiques que no es basen en un diagnòstic ajustat dels problemes específics que es pretenen solucionar. ; Al mismo tiempo que la inseguridad ciudadana genera cada vez más atención en las agendas públicas y en las políticas, se va haciendo evidente una carencia de reflexión profunda y pausada sobre el fenómeno, lo que conduce a una definición de políticas que no se basan en un diagnóstico ajustado de los problemas específicos que se pretenden solucionar. ; At the time that the citizen insecurity generates increasingly attention in the public agenda and in the politics, goes doing evident a lack of deep reflection on the phenomenon, what drives to a definition of a kind of policy that do not base in an adjusted diagnostic of the specific problems that pretend to solve.

In defence of democracy -- Legal -- Summary -- Preface -- Presentation by Miquel Caminal -- Presentation by Francesc Xavier Grau1 -- Introduction -- Translator's Note -- Democracy -- Liberalism -- Democracy and corporatism -- Spiritual problems -- The crisis of democracy -- The defects of democracy -- The objectivity of democracy -- The stability of democracy -- The relativity of democracy -- On equality among men -- Universal suffrage -- The criterion of quality in voting -- Social classification -- Truth in this world -- Parliament and democracy -- Party spirit -- Mysticism and democracy

Kuntoutusjärjestelmä on Suomessa rakentunut monitahoiseksi ja monen osajärjestelmän muodostamaksi kokonaisuudeksi. Oikeus kuntoutukseen määrittyy sen mukaan, minkä osajärjestelmän piiriin ihminen kuuluu. Tämä johtaa siihen, että yksilöille voi määrittyä erilainen oikeus kuntoutukseen riippuen siitä, minkä osajärjestelmän piirissä hän on. Myös eri sosioekonomiset ryhmät saavat erilaisia kuntoutusetuuksia. Aihe on erittäin ajankohtainen, koska viimeaikainen keskustelu työuran pidentämisestä nostaa areenalle myös kuntoutuksen yhtenä keinona pidentää työssä jaksamista. Sari Miettisen väitöskirja Muutoksen mahdollisuus Suomen kuntoutusjärjestelmässä tarkastelee Suomen kuntoutuspolitiikkaa kuntoutuksen institutionaalisen kokonaisuuden näkökulmasta. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan ensimmäistä kertaa kuntoutusjärjestelmää laajana institutionaalisena kokonaisuutena. Tarkoituksena on jäsentää kuntoutusjärjestelmän monimutkaisuutta ja sen muotoutumista sekä näiden kautta tehdä johtopäätöksiä järjestelmän muutoksen mahdollisuudesta. Tutkimuksen lähtökohtana on vuosikausia samanlaisina säilyneet epäkohdat järjestelmässä. Järjestelmän ongelmiksi on vuosikymmenten kuluessa katsottu esimerkiksi vastuunjaon epäselvyydet ja asiakkaiden putoaminen eri toimijoiden väliin. Näitä epäkohtia on pyritty korjaamaan erilaisilla uudistuksilla, joista tähän asti laajin on ollut vuonna 1991 voimaan astunut kuntoutuslainsäädännön uudistus. Uudistuksista huolimatta samat ongelmat ovat esiintyneet erilaisissa kuntoutusjärjestelmän kuvauksissa aina tähän päivän asti. Kokonaisuutta lähestytään analysoimalla valtionhallinnon asiakirjoja ja täydentäen aineistoa tarvittavilla avainhenkilöhaastatteluilla. Tutkimus osoittaa kuntoutusjärjestelmästä erilaisia sisäisiä keskusteluareenoja vuosikymmenien aikana sekä erityisiä valta-asetelmia eri osajärjestelmien kesken. Yhteinen puhe kokonaisuuden hallinnasta on puuttunut ja järjestelmän kokonaisuutta kehittäessä puhe on keskittynyt lähinnä neljään erilaiseen kehykseen. Käytännön tasolla asiakkaan oikeus kuntoutusetuuksiin näytti määrittyvän usealla erilaisella perusteella ja erilaisiksi eri väestöryhmien kesken. Oikeuden ovat myös määrittyneet monenlaisissa erilaisissa paikoissa, kuten yksilön kuntoutuksesta päättävien tahojen ja osajärjestelmien yksittäisten ohjeiden tasolla. Kuntoutusjärjestelmää tulisi tutkimuksen mukaan uudistaa kokonaisuus huomioiden. Usein uudistuksia on toteutettu osa kerrallaan, jolloin eri osien välisiin ongelmiin ei ole puututtu riittävässä määrin. Nykyisellään kuntoutusjärjestelmän osat toimivat erillisinä. Mikäli tätä halutaan muuttaa, pitäisi uudistuksia tehdä kokonaisuus huomioiden ja myös perustaa toimintaa selkeästi koordinoiva taho. Nykyiset keskustelut työuran pidentämisestä voisivat tarjota paikan kuntoutusjärjestelmän kokonaisuuden uudistamiseen, koska kuntoutus voi toimia välineenä saavuttaa näitä tavoitteita. ; Rehabilitation in Finland is part of many welfare systems and as an institutional entity it has many separate subsystems. It has been described as a fragmented and complex entity. Several problems have been attached to the Finnish rehabilitation system, such as unclear division of responsibilities between different subsystems. The rehabilitation system have undergone several coordination attempts especially since the 1990 s. A large legislative reform was launched in 1991. The purpose of the reform was to overcome the problems appearing in the system. The legislative reform was to be evaluated every four years and it was presented in the form of three government rehabilitation reports. Besides the major legislative reform in 1991, parts of the system have been reformed through single legislative reforms in the last three decades. However, despite many reforms in the rehabilitation reports and in other descriptions of the system the same problems have recurred. It seems that no extensive solutions have been found to the problems of the whole rehabilitation system, at least in the short-term. Macro-level studies of the rehabilitation system are needed in Finland. Studies are usually focused on the practical level and different methods of rehabilitation. Although some studies concern the whole rehabilitation system, the perspective is usually on certain sub-system or the entity is contemplated from the client s perspective. In this study the focus was on the institutional entity of rehabilitation in Finland called rehabilitation system. The concepts used were governance and historical institutionalism. The purpose was to analyse the complexity of the institutional entity of rehabilitation in Finland and its development and draw conclusions on the possibility of change in the rehabilitation system in Finland. The legislative reform in 1991 was used as a starting point because it has been the largest reform to develop the whole system in Finland so far. The complex system was analysed using several data. The data used were national rehabilitation policy documents and their background reports and statements, interviews with key authors, legislation and also literature and documents describing the history of the rehabilitation system in Finland. The data were analysed using data based and theory oriented content analysis, frame analysis and the basis of historical sociology. This dissertation consists of four publications which analysed the governance of the rehabilitation system from different perspectives. First, the focus was on the construction of governance in the complex system. The perspective was on the roles of different institutions in the rehabilitation system. According to the results different co-operation forums have promoted change in the system. However, at the same time different power constellations in rehabilitation agendas inside the system have inhibited change. Second, the system was studied through so-called basic modes of governance (hierarchy, network and market). The results showed that certain parts seemed to be emphasized in the reform talk. Common talk of governance was missing. In the third part the main focus was on the interpretations of problems and their policy solutions for the whole system in its reform agenda. The results showed four different frames which were used in discussions. In the frames the problems and policy solutions usually did not meet. In the fourth part the governance of citizens rights was studied. According to the results the rights to rehabilitation benefits are determined in different ways for different population groups and the right to benefits was decided in many places. The overall results of this study showed a deep division between the subsystems. Instead of single and small reforms a reform of the whole system requires attention of all parts of the system in the reform and perhaps a strong coordinating body. It seems that through single and small reforms it is difficult to overcome the problems of this complex system.

Looking with women / Mieke Bal -- Taalalaishevonen, viinakoira ja maatuska. Maailma ikkunalaudalla modernissa maalauksessa / Tutta Palin -- Kirsin kanssa tiloissa. Muistelma Pariisista vuosimallia 1988 / Markus Nummi -- Kiikari väärinpäin? Pohdintaa tilan ja maiseman esittämisen, emootioiden ja arkikäytäntöjen suhteesta / Maunu Häyrynen -- Tyhjä, perusta, paikka. Michel Serres alkamisen ongelmasta / Turo-Kimmo Lehtonen -- Urbaanit maakerrostumat hybridiluontona: Helsingin kaupunkimaaperän arkeologiaa / Tuija Kirkinen -- Fashions, styles and politics - conceptual problems in the evaluation of 20th century architecture / Riitta Nikula -- Aikoja ja paikkoja kaupungissa - tuntemuksia New Yorkista / Leena-Maija Rossi -- Symbolinen solmukohta. Viljo Revellin Toronton kaupungintalo hyvinvointivaltion infrastruktuurina / Susanna Santala -- Ruoan puhtaus, syötävyys ja identiteetti / Johanna Mäkelä ja Mari Niva -- Kirsi Saarikankaan bibliografia / Reijo Sarmaja.