Suchergebnisse

The matter in question of the current master thesis is the most important aspect of compensation of non pecuniary damage - the size of compensation. The master thesis begins at the analysis of concept of "non pecuniary damage", which displays controversial nature of current institute, as well as other problematic aspects are being analysed, such as possibility of pecuniary valuation, relation to restitutio in integrum principle, historic evolution and opportunities of unification of the institute in the European Union. In the second chapter the compensation of non pecuniary damage as a process is being analysed, problems of subjects, which are able to value the size of compensation of non pecuniary damage, as well as methods and criterion that may assist, are being examined. The proving of size of non pecuniary damage is being analysed, possibility of fixing a presumption is being disputed as well as the right of a legislator to limit the size of non pecuniary damage while fixing maximum limits is being denied. The third chapter is based on practice of Lithuanian courts: pricipal problems are being highlighted as well as the examples of ambiguous estimation and the possible solutions are given.

The matter in question of the current master thesis is the most important aspect of compensation of non pecuniary damage - the size of compensation. The master thesis begins at the analysis of concept of "non pecuniary damage", which displays controversial nature of current institute, as well as other problematic aspects are being analysed, such as possibility of pecuniary valuation, relation to restitutio in integrum principle, historic evolution and opportunities of unification of the institute in the European Union. In the second chapter the compensation of non pecuniary damage as a process is being analysed, problems of subjects, which are able to value the size of compensation of non pecuniary damage, as well as methods and criterion that may assist, are being examined. The proving of size of non pecuniary damage is being analysed, possibility of fixing a presumption is being disputed as well as the right of a legislator to limit the size of non pecuniary damage while fixing maximum limits is being denied. The third chapter is based on practice of Lithuanian courts: pricipal problems are being highlighted as well as the examples of ambiguous estimation and the possible solutions are given.

Problems of Tax Legal Liability The Master thesis "Problems of Tax Liability" is divided and examined for obligation of legal tax problems for its point of aspect, purpose, concept and rising problems thus continuing with ways of solution. For this thesis to be properly revealed a doctrine of law is being examined, Case law of Lithuanian Supreme Court, as well Court of Justice of The European Union's and the European Court of Human Rights, international documents and other legal acts. The first part of it reveals it is purpose, meaning and principles for which they are based on applying liability of Legal Tax. Signs of legal tax liability are being withdrawn and therefore analyzed for its regulated law perspective. To continue, main legal tax liability problems are being analyzed in its purpose and importance in every person for their own liberty of law and as well to ensure their legal interest's applying liability of legal tax. The second part of the thesis distinguishes separate problems of tax legal liability. The following problems are analyzed: application of the limitation period for tax liability; interpretation of tax laws; selection of sanctions for breaches of tax laws and application of the "non bis in idem principle"; the problem of the subjective side of tax liability; the problem of imposing economic sanctions as a means of enforcing liability for breaches of tax law; the fault of the taxpayer. The third part of the thesis provides an analysis of the development of tax legal liability problems before and after the restoration of Lithuania's independence. The problems that the legislature faced at those times, the social and economic situation of the State during different times and the State's impact on emerging liability issues are discussed. This part also analyses problem solving methods, peculiarities of tax reforms carried out by the State, future perspectives on tax liability and their impact.

Problems of Tax Legal Liability The Master thesis "Problems of Tax Liability" is divided and examined for obligation of legal tax problems for its point of aspect, purpose, concept and rising problems thus continuing with ways of solution. For this thesis to be properly revealed a doctrine of law is being examined, Case law of Lithuanian Supreme Court, as well Court of Justice of The European Union's and the European Court of Human Rights, international documents and other legal acts. The first part of it reveals it is purpose, meaning and principles for which they are based on applying liability of Legal Tax. Signs of legal tax liability are being withdrawn and therefore analyzed for its regulated law perspective. To continue, main legal tax liability problems are being analyzed in its purpose and importance in every person for their own liberty of law and as well to ensure their legal interest's applying liability of legal tax. The second part of the thesis distinguishes separate problems of tax legal liability. The following problems are analyzed: application of the limitation period for tax liability; interpretation of tax laws; selection of sanctions for breaches of tax laws and application of the "non bis in idem principle"; the problem of the subjective side of tax liability; the problem of imposing economic sanctions as a means of enforcing liability for breaches of tax law; the fault of the taxpayer. The third part of the thesis provides an analysis of the development of tax legal liability problems before and after the restoration of Lithuania's independence. The problems that the legislature faced at those times, the social and economic situation of the State during different times and the State's impact on emerging liability issues are discussed. This part also analyses problem solving methods, peculiarities of tax reforms carried out by the State, future perspectives on tax liability and their impact.

Problems of Tax Legal Liability The Master thesis "Problems of Tax Liability" is divided and examined for obligation of legal tax problems for its point of aspect, purpose, concept and rising problems thus continuing with ways of solution. For this thesis to be properly revealed a doctrine of law is being examined, Case law of Lithuanian Supreme Court, as well Court of Justice of The European Union's and the European Court of Human Rights, international documents and other legal acts. The first part of it reveals it is purpose, meaning and principles for which they are based on applying liability of Legal Tax. Signs of legal tax liability are being withdrawn and therefore analyzed for its regulated law perspective. To continue, main legal tax liability problems are being analyzed in its purpose and importance in every person for their own liberty of law and as well to ensure their legal interest's applying liability of legal tax. The second part of the thesis distinguishes separate problems of tax legal liability. The following problems are analyzed: application of the limitation period for tax liability; interpretation of tax laws; selection of sanctions for breaches of tax laws and application of the "non bis in idem principle"; the problem of the subjective side of tax liability; the problem of imposing economic sanctions as a means of enforcing liability for breaches of tax law; the fault of the taxpayer. The third part of the thesis provides an analysis of the development of tax legal liability problems before and after the restoration of Lithuania's independence. The problems that the legislature faced at those times, the social and economic situation of the State during different times and the State's impact on emerging liability issues are discussed. This part also analyses problem solving methods, peculiarities of tax reforms carried out by the State, future perspectives on tax liability and their impact.

Problems of Tax Legal Liability The Master thesis "Problems of Tax Liability" is divided and examined for obligation of legal tax problems for its point of aspect, purpose, concept and rising problems thus continuing with ways of solution. For this thesis to be properly revealed a doctrine of law is being examined, Case law of Lithuanian Supreme Court, as well Court of Justice of The European Union's and the European Court of Human Rights, international documents and other legal acts. The first part of it reveals it is purpose, meaning and principles for which they are based on applying liability of Legal Tax. Signs of legal tax liability are being withdrawn and therefore analyzed for its regulated law perspective. To continue, main legal tax liability problems are being analyzed in its purpose and importance in every person for their own liberty of law and as well to ensure their legal interest's applying liability of legal tax. The second part of the thesis distinguishes separate problems of tax legal liability. The following problems are analyzed: application of the limitation period for tax liability; interpretation of tax laws; selection of sanctions for breaches of tax laws and application of the "non bis in idem principle"; the problem of the subjective side of tax liability; the problem of imposing economic sanctions as a means of enforcing liability for breaches of tax law; the fault of the taxpayer. The third part of the thesis provides an analysis of the development of tax legal liability problems before and after the restoration of Lithuania's independence. The problems that the legislature faced at those times, the social and economic situation of the State during different times and the State's impact on emerging liability issues are discussed. This part also analyses problem solving methods, peculiarities of tax reforms carried out by the State, future perspectives on tax liability and their impact.

While the department of social pedagogics was participating in the international TEMPUS project from 1995 to 1998, the experiments related to the need of social teachers and possibilities of professional functions and questions of professional preparation were held in Klaipėda region. The results of these experiments led to such the following conclusions: 1. All teachers need knowledge and experience of social work. Social teacher who is totally prepared and has obtained practical work experience is significantly needed not only for child care organizations but also for secondary education schools. Similarities and differences of class teacher's and social teacher's activities were observed during the experiments and the possibilities of social teachers successful activities at secondary schools were analysed. 2. While preparing social teachers for educational and child care institutions, specialization is essential as well as specification of their meetings with different educational and care organizations. Special formation of the skills of social activities is essential for future social workers. Work practice, non-formal students' activities and volunteers' work could help to establish this process. Course in the social work for preparation of social workers for educational institutions have to be closely related with practice. 3. It is necessary to evaluate norms of government social and educational institutions. (Extremely formal contacts between these institutions, with only occasional communications, as well as no interest or no care about further child's fortune were identified). 4. Until now, little attention has been given to family problems in Lithuania. It is necessary to develop the initiatives and enthusiasm of future teachers. They need to be able fundamentally to help the child and the family, to reduce and eliminate the reasons for problems occurring. Future teachers need to take initiative and responsibility while creating social projects and implementing them. It is essential to develop the process of selection for future professionals in social pedagogics. Future social teachers need to have clear features of honesty, social skills and work experience. Therefore when accepting students to the social worker's profession, not only the marks of their secondary school diploma should be considered but also personal characteristics and experience.

While the department of social pedagogics was participating in the international TEMPUS project from 1995 to 1998, the experiments related to the need of social teachers and possibilities of professional functions and questions of professional preparation were held in Klaipėda region. The results of these experiments led to such the following conclusions: 1. All teachers need knowledge and experience of social work. Social teacher who is totally prepared and has obtained practical work experience is significantly needed not only for child care organizations but also for secondary education schools. Similarities and differences of class teacher's and social teacher's activities were observed during the experiments and the possibilities of social teachers successful activities at secondary schools were analysed. 2. While preparing social teachers for educational and child care institutions, specialization is essential as well as specification of their meetings with different educational and care organizations. Special formation of the skills of social activities is essential for future social workers. Work practice, non-formal students' activities and volunteers' work could help to establish this process. Course in the social work for preparation of social workers for educational institutions have to be closely related with practice. 3. It is necessary to evaluate norms of government social and educational institutions. (Extremely formal contacts between these institutions, with only occasional communications, as well as no interest or no care about further child's fortune were identified). 4. Until now, little attention has been given to family problems in Lithuania. It is necessary to develop the initiatives and enthusiasm of future teachers. They need to be able fundamentally to help the child and the family, to reduce and eliminate the reasons for problems occurring. Future teachers need to take initiative and responsibility while creating social projects and implementing them. It is essential to develop the process of selection for future professionals in social pedagogics. Future social teachers need to have clear features of honesty, social skills and work experience. Therefore when accepting students to the social worker's profession, not only the marks of their secondary school diploma should be considered but also personal characteristics and experience.

The problem of research – the problems of employment of the unemployed senior people are not defined and the ways to solve these problems are not determined. The object of research – the problems of employment of the unemployed senior people. The aim of research - to define the difficulties faced by the unemployed senior people while looking for a job and determine the ways for their solution. The tasks of research:: 1. to define the relevance of career designing in the context of lifelong learning; 2. to define the theoretical aspects of career concept; 3. to describe the situation of employment of the unemployed senior people in Lithuania and European Union countries; 4. to reveal the problems of employment of the unemployed senior people; 5. to provide recommendations for solving the employment problems of the unemployed senior people. The theoretical methods of research: the analysis of the scientific sources, textbooks, scientific articles, documents and legislation has been used to determine the relevance of career designing in the context of lifelong learning as well as to define the theoretical aspects of career concept and to describe the situation of unemployed senior people in labour market. The empirical methods of research: questionnaire has been used to reveal the problems of employment of the unemployed senior people. The master thesis is composed of introduction and two main parts: theoretical and empirical. 100 of unemployed senior people registered in Joniskis labour exchange have participated in the research. The research was carried out in October – November, 2008. Having carried out the research and analyses of scientific resources and documents the research conclusions and recommendations for solving the problems of employment of the unemployed senior people have been formulated.

The problem of research – the problems of employment of the unemployed senior people are not defined and the ways to solve these problems are not determined. The object of research – the problems of employment of the unemployed senior people. The aim of research - to define the difficulties faced by the unemployed senior people while looking for a job and determine the ways for their solution. The tasks of research:: 1. to define the relevance of career designing in the context of lifelong learning; 2. to define the theoretical aspects of career concept; 3. to describe the situation of employment of the unemployed senior people in Lithuania and European Union countries; 4. to reveal the problems of employment of the unemployed senior people; 5. to provide recommendations for solving the employment problems of the unemployed senior people. The theoretical methods of research: the analysis of the scientific sources, textbooks, scientific articles, documents and legislation has been used to determine the relevance of career designing in the context of lifelong learning as well as to define the theoretical aspects of career concept and to describe the situation of unemployed senior people in labour market. The empirical methods of research: questionnaire has been used to reveal the problems of employment of the unemployed senior people. The master thesis is composed of introduction and two main parts: theoretical and empirical. 100 of unemployed senior people registered in Joniskis labour exchange have participated in the research. The research was carried out in October – November, 2008. Having carried out the research and analyses of scientific resources and documents the research conclusions and recommendations for solving the problems of employment of the unemployed senior people have been formulated.

The problem of research – the problems of employment of the unemployed senior people are not defined and the ways to solve these problems are not determined. The object of research – the problems of employment of the unemployed senior people. The aim of research - to define the difficulties faced by the unemployed senior people while looking for a job and determine the ways for their solution. The tasks of research:: 1. to define the relevance of career designing in the context of lifelong learning; 2. to define the theoretical aspects of career concept; 3. to describe the situation of employment of the unemployed senior people in Lithuania and European Union countries; 4. to reveal the problems of employment of the unemployed senior people; 5. to provide recommendations for solving the employment problems of the unemployed senior people. The theoretical methods of research: the analysis of the scientific sources, textbooks, scientific articles, documents and legislation has been used to determine the relevance of career designing in the context of lifelong learning as well as to define the theoretical aspects of career concept and to describe the situation of unemployed senior people in labour market. The empirical methods of research: questionnaire has been used to reveal the problems of employment of the unemployed senior people. The master thesis is composed of introduction and two main parts: theoretical and empirical. 100 of unemployed senior people registered in Joniskis labour exchange have participated in the research. The research was carried out in October – November, 2008. Having carried out the research and analyses of scientific resources and documents the research conclusions and recommendations for solving the problems of employment of the unemployed senior people have been formulated.

Though the Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Republic of Lithuania pursues Lithuanian secure traffic and the reduction of the adverse effects in the environment from the transport sector however the sustainable transport management in Lithuania is still new approach though old European Union (EU) member states have sophisticated sustainable transport policies ranging from strict command and control methods, state support to public transport to a broad voluntary initiatives. The strict emission caps established by Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution will have serious implications for the transport sector therefore it is important to investigate experience of old EU member states in dealing with transport pollution problems and to define the main tools and measures for sustainable transport management in Lithuania. The main task of the paper is to develop measures to enhance sustainable transport management in Lithuania underlying the importance of voluntary and informative measures. The subject of research is Lithuanian public transport. The period of research is one month. The volume of the paper is 70 pages including 12 tables and 11 illustrations.

Though the Ministry of Transport and Communications of the Republic of Lithuania pursues Lithuanian secure traffic and the reduction of the adverse effects in the environment from the transport sector however the sustainable transport management in Lithuania is still new approach though old European Union (EU) member states have sophisticated sustainable transport policies ranging from strict command and control methods, state support to public transport to a broad voluntary initiatives. The strict emission caps established by Thematic Strategy on Air Pollution will have serious implications for the transport sector therefore it is important to investigate experience of old EU member states in dealing with transport pollution problems and to define the main tools and measures for sustainable transport management in Lithuania. The main task of the paper is to develop measures to enhance sustainable transport management in Lithuania underlying the importance of voluntary and informative measures. The subject of research is Lithuanian public transport. The period of research is one month. The volume of the paper is 70 pages including 12 tables and 11 illustrations.

The concept of competitiveness has always been a subject of a great interest for researches, politicians and people, involved in practical business. Initially, the notion of competitiveness was related to firm, i.e., micro-economic level. The competitiveness at macro-economic level was analyzed for the first time by M. Porter, who in 1990 has extended and applied his model of the competitive advantage of firms to the competitive advantage of nations, regions and places or "locations" generally. Due to the process of globalization, the concept of national and regional competitiveness has attracted a lot of attention and increasingly been adopted as a policy tool. The necessity of proper analysis of the regional competitiveness concept brings the recognition, that the drivers of national competitiveness have become more local and the regions increasingly become the engines of the global economy, as the globalization blurs national borders. The regionalization of public policies moves the economic coordination and steering functions from the national state up to the international and down to regional level. The compelling reason for focusing on the competitiveness of regions lies also in the changing patterns of private investment flows. Privatized companies, institutional investors and various investment funds are being forced to diversity their portfolios and to put substantial amounts of money in property – geographically dispersed over unfamiliar territories. As researches. [to full text]

The concept of competitiveness has always been a subject of a great interest for researches, politicians and people, involved in practical business. Initially, the notion of competitiveness was related to firm, i.e., micro-economic level. The competitiveness at macro-economic level was analyzed for the first time by M. Porter, who in 1990 has extended and applied his model of the competitive advantage of firms to the competitive advantage of nations, regions and places or "locations" generally. Due to the process of globalization, the concept of national and regional competitiveness has attracted a lot of attention and increasingly been adopted as a policy tool. The necessity of proper analysis of the regional competitiveness concept brings the recognition, that the drivers of national competitiveness have become more local and the regions increasingly become the engines of the global economy, as the globalization blurs national borders. The regionalization of public policies moves the economic coordination and steering functions from the national state up to the international and down to regional level. The compelling reason for focusing on the competitiveness of regions lies also in the changing patterns of private investment flows. Privatized companies, institutional investors and various investment funds are being forced to diversity their portfolios and to put substantial amounts of money in property – geographically dispersed over unfamiliar territories. As researches. [to full text]