Suchergebnisse

by Lee Lap-fung, Francis. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 187-197). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese; questionnaire in Chinese. ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- The background of the 1998 election --- p.10 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- Approaches to election and media effects studies --- p.20 ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- Activating informed participation - a conceptual model for empirical evaluation --- p.33 ; Chapter Chapter 5 --- Design and methods --- p.47 ; Chapter Chapter 6 --- "News consumption, knowledge and sophistication" --- p.51 ; Chapter Chapter 7 --- Media and political attitudes --- p.65 ; Chapter Chapter 8 --- Voter turnout --- p.100 ; Chapter Chapter 9 --- The pitfalls of media strategic coverage: How media fall short from activating informed participation --- p.120 ; Chapter Chapter 10 --- Conclusion: Mass media and political participation in Hong Kong --- p.147 ; Appendix A Variable constructions and statistical procedures --- p.159 ; Appendix B Questionnaires and basic information about the data --- p.165 ; "Appendix C Electoral system,vote calculating method, and candidate lists" --- p.180 ; Reference --- p.187

After World War II, an international military court sentenced 20 Nazi doctors and 3 collaborators with crimes against the humanity at the Nuremberg Trials. For the past 70 years after Nuremberg Trials, the restoration to pre-Nazi's ethical standard has been progressed. The eugenicist theories and the policies of racial hygiene were the fundamental axes of the Nazi euthanasia programs without paying attention to the basic ethics of the medicine. German psychiatry that it enjoyed an extraordinary international reputation, played a capital rôle in these programs and the mental patients supposed the main group of risk for these practices during the Nazi era. In this overview, we deal with, the historical perspective of the euthanasia programs of the mental patients, and the procedures for its execution, and the use of the mental patients as investigation tools. Direct consequence of the mentioned penal process gave birth to the Nuremberg Code, which has been considered as the fi rst international code of ethics for the medical experiments with human subjects. During the last 70 years, it has advanced substantially in the restoration of ethical codes and norms to protect patients in particular in the fi eld of psychiatry and psychopharmacology, and its culmination of advancement has been in the 1996 Declaration of Madrid.

by Xueyi Chen. ; Thesis submitted in: December 1997. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-106). ; Abstract also in Chinese. ; Table of Contents ; Abbreviations ; Timeline ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction ; Chapter 1.1 --- Purpose and Significance ; Chapter 1.2 --- Thesis Structure ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Historical Background ; Chapter 2.1 --- Development of China's Stock Markets ; Chapter 2.2 --- Paradox in China's Stock Markets ; Chapter 2.3 --- Stock News Reporting in China ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- Literature Review ; Chapter 3.1 --- The Perspective of Political Economy: An Overview ; Chapter 3.2 --- The Political Economy of China's Party Press: Change and Continuity ; Chapter 3.2.1 --- "In the Mao Era: The Chinese Press as Propagandist, Agitator and Organizer" ; Chapter 3.2.2 --- In the Era of Economic Reform: A Paradigm Shift ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- Assumptions ; Chapter Chapter 5 --- Methodology ; Chapter 5.1 --- Four Periods: Operational Definitions for the Interplay of State Controls and Market Forces ; Chapter 5.2 --- Contexts of the Field Study ; Chapter 5.3 --- Research Procedures ; Chapter 5.2.1 --- Content Analysis ; Chapter 5.2.2 --- In-depth Interview ; Chapter 5.2.3 --- Documentary Analysis ; Chapter 5.2.4 --- Participant Observation ; Chapter Chapter 6 --- Stock News Reporting under State-Market Dynamics ; Chapter 6.1 --- The Period of Initial Reforms: From the Early 1980s to the Mid-1980s ; Chapter 6.1.1 --- Continuing State Controls ; Chapter 6.1.2 --- Absence of Market and Competition ; Chapter 6.1.3 --- Content Pattern: Ideological Orthodoxy ; Chapter 6.1.4 --- Reporting Mode: Orthodox Reporting ; Chapter 6.2 --- The Period of Continuing Reforms: From the Mid-1980s to the Late1980s ; Chapter 6.2.1 --- Relaxed State Controls ; Chapter 6.2.2 --- Emerging Competition ; Chapter 6.2.3 --- Content Changes: Minor Departures from Ideological Orthodoxy ; Chapter 6.2.4 --- Reporting Mode: Orthodox Reporting with Increased ...

Ma Lai Yee. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 105-109). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Acknowledgements --- p.i ; Abstract (English version) --- p.ii ; Abstract (Chinese version) --- p.iii ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction ; Political use of the Internet: Utopian or distopian? --- p.1 ; Virtual communities and social movements --- p.4 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Political and Technological Landscape in Hong Kong ; Chapter I) --- Political Background ; The Handover of Hong Kong to China in1997 --- p.7 ; The Tradition of Pro-democracy movement in Hong Kong --- p.8 ; The 1 July Rally in2003 --- p.9 ; Chapter II) --- Technological Background ; Internet Penetration in Hong Kong --- p.11 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- Review of Literature ; Chapter I) --- "Internet, Uses and Gratifications and political effects" ; The Uses and Gratifications Approach: Theoretical assumptions --- p.14 ; Uses and Gratifications and the Internet --- p.15 ; Gratifications and Political media use --- p.17 ; "Internet usage, Gratifications and Political effects" --- p.19 ; Chapter II) --- "Social movement, collective identity and the Internet" ; Social Movements in contemporary social context --- p.23 ; Collective Identity in Social Movements --- p.26 ; Identity Formation in Computer-mediated Communication --- p.28 ; The Internet as a Social Movement Medium --- p.30 ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- Cyberactivism in Hong Kong ; 1 July Protest and Cyber Activism in Hong Kong --- p.36 ; The Case: Yumkung.com --- p.38 ; Chapter Chapter 5 --- Methodology ; Research Design and Sampling --- p.44 ; Survey Sample Profile --- p.45 ; Content Analysis --- p.46 ; Textual Analysis --- p.47 ; Measurements of variables --- p.48 ; Analytical Procedures --- p.50 ; Chapter Chapter 6 --- Results and Interpretations ; Gratifications of Yumkung.com from Survey --- p.52 ; Gratifications of Yumkung. com from Content Analysis --- p.54 ; Collective Identity from textual Analysis --- p.60 ; Correlational ...

Chan Yuk-fan. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-75). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese ; questionnaire also in Chinese. ; Consequences of Supervisors' Use of Forcing and Non-Forcing Influence Tactics --- p.i ; Acknowledgment --- p.i ; Abstract --- p.ii ; 撮要 --- p.iii ; Chapter Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Types of Influence Tactics --- p.4 ; Consequences of Influence Tactics --- p.9 ; Perception of Organizational Politics --- p.9 ; Non-Forcing Influence Tactics and Perceived Managerial Competence --- p.13 ; Perception of Managerial Competence --- p.16 ; Mediating Role of Satisfaction with Supervisors --- p.19 ; Non-Forcing Influence Tactics and Perceived Managerial Competence --- p.19 ; Forcing Influence Tactics and Perception of Organizational Politics --- p.20 ; Chapter Chapter 2. --- Method --- p.24 ; Samples and Procedures --- p.24 ; Instruments --- p.28 ; Influence Tactics --- p.28 ; Perception of Organizational Politics --- p.30 ; Satisfaction with Supervisor --- p.31 ; Managerial Competencies --- p.31 ; Analysis --- p.32 ; Chapter Chapter 3. --- Results --- p.33 ; Factor Structure of Influence Tactics --- p.33 ; Factor Structure of Managerial Competence --- p.36 ; Reliability of Perception of Organizational Politics --- p.37 ; Relationship Between Influence Tactics and Perception of Organizational Politics --- p.38 ; Influence Tactics and Satisfaction with Supervisor --- p.41 ; Influence Tactics and Managerial Competence --- p.44 ; Mediating Role of Satisfaction with Supervisor --- p.48 ; Chapter Chapter 4. --- Discussion --- p.51 ; General Discussion --- p.51 ; Managerial Implications --- p.59 ; Limitations and Future Research --- p.63 ; Reference --- p.68 ; "Appendix A. Observation Categories of Managerial Activities. (Luthans,1988)" --- p.76 ; Appendix Bl. Chinese Version of Questionnaire --- p.79 ; Appendix B2. English Version of Questionnaire --- p.86 ; Appendix C. Eighteen-item Scale of Profile of Influence Tactics ...

So Pik-ki. ; Thesis submitted in: October 2001. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-86). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Chapter I. --- INTRODUCTION --- p.7 ; Chapter II. --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.12 ; Chapter III. --- WTO ACCESSION --- p.27 ; Characteristics of WTO Accession --- p.27 ; Accession Procedure: --- p.28 ; Chapter IV. --- HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA'S WTO ACCESSION (1986~1999) --- p.31 ; Phase 1: Encouraging initial stage (1986~1989 May) --- p.32 ; Phase 2: Years of Silence (1989 Jun ~1992 Feb) --- p.34 ; Phase 3: Dashing for WTO founding member status (1992 Feb ~1994 Dec) --- p.36 ; Phase 4: China changed negotiation ATTITUDE( 1995~1996 Mar) --- p.39 ; Phase 5: Stage towards success (1996 Mar~1999) --- p.42 ; 1996 --- p.42 ; 1997 --- p.45 ; 1998 --- p.46 ; 1999 --- p.48 ; Chapter V. --- HYPOTHESIS --- p.51 ; Hypothesis 1: China's economic growth is negatively related to China's aspiration for accession --- p.52 ; "Hypothesis 2: The desire to participate in forthcoming new negotiation forums as a WTO member boosted china's aspiration for accession, and thus lead to more concessions from china" --- p.58 ; Hypothesis 3: Increase in absolute value of US' trade deficit with China raised us' demand for china's concession; and this demand for concession aimed to reduce the value of trade deficit of us with china --- p.61 ; Hypothesis 4: DISTRIBUTIVE conflicts of benefits and costs associated with China's economic reform haMpered its accession into the WTO --- p.67 ; Chapter VI. --- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: --- p.80 ; BIBLIORGRAPHY: --- p.84 ; Table 1: Meetings of China working group of WTO and GATT --- p.87 ; Table 2: Progress of China's accession into the WTO --- p.89 ; Table 3: Events related to foreign countries --- p.108

在全球基金總部要求擴大公民社會參與度的背景下,2006年4月,非政府組織聯合發起運動,反對中國全球基金國家協調委員會秘書處組織的兩名民間社會代表的選舉,要求增加參與權和改善選舉程式。本研究採用質性研究方法,對這場由非政府組織發起的政策倡導運動的發生原因、運動發起方的構成與真實力量、運動參與方在期間的互動過程與策略運用以及運動所能達成的成果展開分析,為社會運動理論在中國的適用與變化提供實證研究基礎上的探索,對非政府組織在中國環境下謀求組織發展及拓寬政治參與空間提出建議。 ; 本研究回顧了中國愛滋病問題的背景與現狀、西方社會運動研究理論體系與相關研究成果以及中國抗爭政治研究,採用動員結構與政治機會結構為核心的分析框架,發現: ; (1)在西方社會運動理論研究中沒有重要地位的傘狀組織關係在在CCM選舉運動動員結構中扮演了關鍵角色,增加了運動發起方的整體力量與合法性來源,並呈現出多層級傘狀組織結構。 ; (2)CCM選舉運動聯盟距離臨時性、適當制度化和去中心化的目標尚有距離,正在向理想的外部動員結構轉化,目前呈現出非政府組織聯盟與多層級傘狀組織相結合的動員結構。 ; (3)中國目前宏觀政治環境中存在倡導型運動的生存空間。通過一系列的策略選擇與運用,運動發起方可以發掘、詮釋、擴大政治機會,不斷營造運動發展空間,尤其是對國際因素的敏銳把握與利用,成功將運動不斷推進。 ; (4)政治機會結構四要素並不是平行發揮作用。在國家鎮壓能力基本穩定維持不變的情況下,政治體制內同盟者的存在對政治管道和政治精英體制穩定性發揮主導作用,進而對運動進程和結果帶來深遠影響。 ; 本研究提出了目前CCM選舉運動的動員結構特徵,以及運動發起方在對政治機會把握、利用過程中的優點與缺陷,並提議加入跨界拓展作為考察外部動員結構的分析視角,在政治機會結構四要素的分析中整合國際因素的影響,最後提出對非政府組織發展,國際項目管理和相關政策的建議。 ; Since Global Fund claimed for expanding public participation in civil society, in the April of 2006 NGOs made allies to launch a movement against the election organized by CCM Secretariat, requiring adding the right of participation and improving election procedures. With qualitative research method, this paper analyzes the reason, process and result including interactions and strategies among participants of this advocacy movement organized by NGOs, providing evidence-based study for employment and adaptation of the social movement theory in China; and makes suggestions for NGOs to expand organization development and political participation in the context of China. ; This study adopts mobilization structure and political opportunity structure in the theory of social movement as core theoretical framework based on reviewing the background and status quo of AIDS issue in China, the theory and relevant studies of social movement as well as studies on China contentious politics. Findings are as follows: ; 1.Umbrella organizations, which are of less emphasis in the western studies of social movement, play a key role in CCM election movement mobilization. It increases organizers' overall strength and legitimacy and ...

本研究从超常规色彩强烈的重大灾害危机处置入手,分析当代中国动员体制在改革时代的变化特征,以此为切入点来考察动员这项"革命制度遗产对当代中国政治的影响。本研究以中国政府在地震领域的危机动员实践作为实证案例,从1949年以后的不同时期选取四场震例进行纵向比较,以此来把握中国政府在危机条件下启动的政治动员在不同的政治发展阶段会呈现出什么样的整体特点。中国在地震领域的危机动员实践能够证明,中国的政治动员体制比传统动员政治研究假定的要更具动态性。兴起于革命时代的政治动员在进入改革时代以后依然能够延续,并没有随着乌托邦意识形态、计划经济乃至全能主义体制的整体瓦解而走向直线衰落。至少作为中国政府独特的公共危机处置手段,政治动员在改革时代呈现出的变化轨迹是复杂的,成形于全能主义时期的动员政治元素在改革时代不仅没有直接衰败,在某些阶段还重新获得了发展动力,能够与改革时代出现和或者强化的动员模式并存。本研究通过观察中国政府跨越不同政治经济发展阶段的地震危机动员实践发现,中国政府涉灾财政能力和行政能力的发展均衡程度,以及中国政治精英对国家在灾害治理领域角色定位的认知变化,能够对中国政府的地震危机动员模式产生重要影响;既包括s新模式兴起和旧模式衰落,也包括新旧模式的共存。而且,尽管国家能力和国家意愿之间没有必然关联,可是一旦两个因素出现比较同步的增强,还能够为这种"革命制度遗产在改革提供新的制度化动力,促成动员模式更进一步的变化。本研究的结论是,只要作为关键动员主体的中共政权在规范和结构上保持相对稳定,政治动员仍将会是中国政府重要的危机管理工具。而且随着中国政府有更强的意愿和能力来承担公共服务供给职责,政治动员形式和内涵都会有所改变。曾经具有很强非正式和应急色彩的政治动员不仅会变得越来越常态化,而且还会成为正规、任务内容更加广泛的中国涉灾公共治理体系的重要组成部分。 ; This research investigates the dynamics and resilience of China's politlical moblization by making hsitrocial comparison of Chinese government's management of earthquake disasters across four decades. The author selects four major earthquake catastrophesTangshan, Lancang-Gengma, Lijiang, and Wenchuanfrom different historical periods to examine how Chinese government mobilized different types of subjects to contain and control crises under different political, social, and economic conditions. Based upon participatory and non-participatory observation, interviews, and extensive document analyses, this research reveals that China's political mobilization, at least in the issue area of catastrophe management, has demonstrated a more complicated trajectory of change than predicted by most mainstream politilcal theories, espeically in the post-revolutionary era featured by increasing socio-economic pluralization and political liberalization. Insitutional elements promoting mass particpation and self-sufficience thriving in the revolutionary stage not only continue to function in the reform era, but also coexist with newly emerged mobilizational elements featured by increased state dominance, formal legal procedures, and professional expertise. ...