Suchergebnisse

A fines de 1916 se abrieron procesos de revisión constitucional en México y Uruguay. Mientras México vivía un proceso revolucionario que involucraba dimensiones no solamente políticas sino que también incluía aspectos económicos y sociales, por su parte el reformismo en Uruguay volcaba su empeño en transformar al país en un espacio donde las ideas innovadoras pudieran ponerse en práctica y probar su eficacia. Este trabajo se propone relevar algunos elementos comunes a ambos procesos de reforma constitucional vistos desde la perspectiva de sus aspectos innovadores. Su objetivo es la búsqueda de alguna explicación para los elementos que tienen en común. ; By the end of 1916 they were carrying on two processes of constitutional revision in Mexico and Uruguay. While Mexico lived a revolutionary process that involved dimensions not only political but also economic and social aspects, while on the other hand the reforming policy in Uruguay overturned its effort in transforming the country into a space where the innovating ideas could be put into practice and prove their effectiveness. This work sets out to release some common elements to both, being seen processes of constitutional reform from the perspective of its innovating aspects. Its objective is to search for some explanation for the elements that they have in common. ; Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI)

In a few months, technoscience will make it possible to clone a human being. Western governments had banned it in their respective countries, but given the dominance of economic and technological power, it will always be possible to find a scientist and an entrepreneur who wish to carry it out. Although many will disagree, the truth is that there is a force that drives us to continue along the path opened up by bioengineering. From our spaces, we need to think serenely again about this phenomenon that surrounds us, despite living on the margins of modernity. ; En pocos meses, la tecnociencla hará posible la clonación de un ser humano. Los gobiernos occidentales lo habían prohibido en sus respectivos países, pero dado el dominio del poder económico y tecnológico, siempre será posible encontrar un científico y un empresario que deseen realizarla. Aunque muchos estarán en desacuerdo, lo cierto es que hay una fuerza que impulsa a seguir por ese camino abierto por la bioingeniería. Desde nuestros espacios, necesitamos volver a pensar serenamente sobre este fenómeno que nos envuelve, a pesar de vivir al margen de la modernidad.

National audience ; The literature on internet published by the monthly magazine, "Le Monde Diplomatique", during 1994 and 1995, is intended to serve the international organizations, and can be read as a scientific narrative. The exploration of the scientific concepts which are trafficked, caters to the temporal dimension to illustrate the opinion formation and the sense of the demands for knowledge that are being made. To bring these facts to light, bibliometrics bids us bibliographic coupling analysis and context analysis. By creating a database of bibliographic references (using Procite ©) made from the articles dedicated to the internet in this foreign affairs magazine. For the period 1994-95, a criteria of similarity is generated which is used as the basis for understanding the literature, at the time the presence of identical references. This gives us a communications system unique to literature, and not made explicit without the use of the technique. Moreover, in the context in which the call to the reference material is made we analyse who, how, when and where the emphasis is placed on knowledge issues. We note that the problems of the civil society and the democracy, and those of competitivity and global economy, appear in the foreground. The mega fusions in the communication industry, the G7 Summit meeting in February 1995, the use of Internet by the progressive associations, and the perspective of the economy of ruin accompanying the discussion of progress without people, are suggestions for thinking, which may be reached by bibliometric reading techniques applied to this specialised media political in nature. ; La literatura sobre Internet publicada en el mensual "Le Monde Diplomatique", durante 1994-95, tiene como destino los organismos internacionales, y se puede leer en tanto que narrativa científica. La exploración de los conceptos científicos con los que se trafica, atiende a una dimensión temporal que ilustra la formación de las opiniones y el sentido de las demandas de conocimiento que se ...

Supervisor: F. Snyder ; Defence date: 6 March 1992 ; First made available online on 10 September 2013. ; This research is an interdisciplinary approach to the EEC banking harmonization process. The methodology employed consists in focusing the subject from the legal, economic and political Science perspectives. Therefore, the underlying purpose of the research is to study the legal outcomes within their context. The research is subdivided in several parts. The first part is a legal approach to both the first and second Banking Directives as the cornerstones of the EEC banking harmonization process. The detailed analysis of both Directives from an EEC legal perspective is a condition precedent for the understanding of how is being shaped the Community Financial Policy. The Second Part is a political science approach to the role of interest within the EEC decision making process. More specifically, it is an attempt to show how banks can influence legislators for the achievement of their objectives. An additional study to this second part, is constituted by the analysis of the Community policies in consumer protection. This sector provides us with comparative information for an estimation of the importance of "interest" within the shaping of regulatory policies within the EEC. A socioeconomic approach to credit institutions strategies1 for the controlling of financial markets is the subject of the third part. Through the study of the United States current "deregulatory" trends, we show the interrelationship between the world financial markets. A second stage of this part connects the European context with the other representative world financial markets. Thus, similar behaviours can be remarked, which leads the author to the conclusion that neither national governments, nor the European Institutions are currently capable to regulate financial markets without a previous "consensus" with the financial institutions. The fourth part of the research consists in a critical approach to the institutional behaviour of the Community as regards policy-making for the achievement of an integrated financial market by 1992. This analysis shows that credit institutions, whose profits are greatly affected by public policy, have an extraordinary capacity to innovate and adapt, notably as a way of lawfully avoiding the effects of "public Controls". Each of the four parts of the research used the same methodology. First, there is an introduction to establish the guidelines of the research approach to the subject. Secondly, there is a detailed analysis of the main issues constituting the field of the study. Thirdly, we draw some conclusions from the research.

The legal and political systems of the Kingdom of Jordan are predicated upon two sources of legitimacy, sovereignty, and authority. One is the head of state, the Hashemite monarch; the other is the people, whose power is delegated to the Chamber of Deputies. Hence Jordanian governments have been accountable to both. (Párrafo extraído del texto a modo de resumen) ; Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI)

[ES] El presente trabajo aborda de forma comparada las etapas del procedimiento legislativo ordinario de dieciocho países latinoamericanos. A través del estudio de las Constituciones nacionales y reglamentos internos se busca trazar, de forma sistemática, las rutas utilizadas en los distintos casos para la presentación, tratamiento y aprobación de leyes. ; [EN] This article addresses through comparative analysis the stages of the ordinary legislative process in eighteen Latin American countries. Through a study of the national Constitutions and internal regulations, it aims to track for the different cases, the variety of forms of presentation, debate and approval of laws in the region.

En el momento en que el Partido Comunista de Cuba celebro su IV Congreso, en octubre de 1991, la Union Sovietica se desintegraba, los partidos comunistas en Europa Oriental habian sido destituidos del poder, y los cimientos del comunismo se estremecian. En el IV Congreso culmino un proceso de contra-reforma dirigido a reducir el tamano de la buracracia del partido mediante el despido de cuadros y centralizacion de controles administrativos e ideologicos en la cupula. (Cuban Studies/DÜI)

The paper sets out the development and application of the principle relevant techniques of computerized managing, Data banks (CD-ROM) automatic surveying and Urhan Information Systems during recent years. These advances in the techniques of Urban Administration are shown to have coincided in the recent Spanish past with that democratic change and the rise of local self- government that began in the 'Eighties. The conjunction of these two realities has given rise to radical changes in our way of planning cities, changes that immediatly meet the eye in the field of urbanistic informatics. ; Se describe en este artículo el desarrollo y 1a aplicación de Ias principales técnicas-Gestión Informatizada, Bases de Datos CD-ROM, Cartografía automática y Sistemas de Información Urbana- en estos últimos años. El avance técnico en España, en el caso de la Administración municipal, coincide con Ias transformaciones democráticas de los Ayuntamientos y de Ia gestión local a partir de la década de los ochenta. La coyuntura de estas dos realidades produce un cambio radical en las formas de planear nuestras ciudades, que se puede ver de forma muy clara en un tema tan concreto como es la información urbanística.

This essay is an effort to understand a social process in which the Maya indians of central Chiapas, Mexico, show their territorial, demographic, labor and politic advancement throw the discourse of their leaders. This is about an ethnic movement that integrate both dimensions of globalization process: the cultural homogenization and heterogenization of the world. The perspective adopted attempt to integrate the discourse analysis from a flexible and embracement viewpoint of the cultural production with the analysis of the regional indianization process like a complex interethnic system, in the meluccian sense of system. The principal objective is to explain with detail how the indigenous leaders use discourse –to persuade their followers and to the others– constructing a identity discourse based on meaningful past, organized in and for the politic present. ; Este ensayo busca comprender un proceso social en el que los indígenas Mayas del centro de Chiapas, México, muestran su avance territorial, demográfico, laboral y político por medio del discurso de sus líderes. Se trata de un movimiento étnico que integra las dos dimensiones del proceso de globalización: la homogeneización y la heterogeneización cultural mundial. La perspectiva adoptada integra el análisis del discurso desde un punto de vista flexible y comprensivo de la producción cultural con el análisis del proceso de indianización regional como un sistema interétnico complejo, en el sentido melucciano de sistema. El objetivo principal es explicar cómo los líderes indígenas utilizan el discurso –para persuadir a sus huestes y a los otros– construyendo uno de identidad basado en un pasado significativo ordenado en y para el presente político.

En el artículo se analiza la situación de Jordania, la cual posee un precario equilibrio de legitimación, soberanía y autoridad. Bajo esta óptica se describen las luchas por la democratización llevaron a la consagración de la ley electoral en 1992 que extendía ampliamente la soberanía popular. Pero desde inicios de 2000 ese país ha ido retrocediendo en el campo de las libertades públicas con anterioridad a los sucesos de septiembre que determinaron una mayor restricción. ; The article analyses the situation in Jordan, which has a weak legitimating, sovereignty and authority equilibrium. It describes the fights for democratisation which took to the approval of an electoral law of 1992 that extended the popular sovereignty. But from the beginning of 2002 the country has been moving backwards in the field of public freedom in relation to the previous atmosphere to the 11th of September. ; Instituto de Relaciones Internacionales (IRI)

Artículo de la sección: Estudios ; La repoblación de Felipe II supuso para el Reino de Granada la reestructuración total de sus espacios y recursos, basándose en unos parámetros económicos, poblacionales y defensivos. La nueva territorialización buscó en el municipio y en el concejo las unidades fundamentales para articular un espacio público acorde al comunitarismo agrario que se pretendía imprimir en la nueva población. ; The repopulation of King Philip IPs meant for the Kingdom of Granada a total reorganization of spaces according to a new economic, defensive and demographic criteria. The government's organization tried to find in the new townships and councils the main elements in order to set a public space in accordance with the new common agricultural policy which the King ordered new settlers to follow. ; Departamento de Historia Moderna y de América, Universidad de Granada.