Suchergebnisse

This study addresses the two-fold question of whether the integration-liberalization process of ASEAN is headed towards the creation of a single production base region, and how ASEAN links with other trade blocks. It looks into the degree of intra-ASEAN and extra-ASEAN vertical integration vis-à-vis North America, East Asia, and the European Union through the measurement of value-added creation-absorption in global value chains (GVC) and by locating ASEAN within vertical structures. The study employs an international input-output database and breaks up gross exports into different components of value-added using data from 1997, 2004, and 2012. ASEAN has made significant gains in integrating with East Asia. However, ASEAN as a single production region has gained little, and even lost share in value-added trade with NAFTA and Europe. The truth is that ASEAN has a stronger role across the GVC as a supplier of intermediate goods (33%) than as a supplier of final goods (30%). Vertical structures represent more than 43% of ASEAN gross exports, but it still depends on foreign parts and components (35%) to produce its exports. It may be argued that ASEAN + 6, which entails a wider scope of integration, might offer larger benefits to the ASEAN project.

The production of soft-shelled crabs are not too significant to make this commodity becomes restricted goods on the market, and policy efforts have been tried to do by the Aceh government and private sector but has not been able to increase production output is greater. In the existing conditions is precisely the problem arises because of the lack of buyers soft-shelled crabs, but now with a growing demand, the production of soft-shelled crabs themselves to the city of Banda Aceh have not been able to meet the needs of the growing market. Generally, this research has the objective to: (1) Identifying the aspects of production in qualitative descriptive accordance with the conditions found during the research period lasts and market aspects to marketing on the cultivation of soft-shelled crabs and (2) Determine the development strategy that can be applied to the cultivation of crab E. shelled by using SWOT analysis.This research was conducted in Gampong Lamjabat and Cot Lamkuweuh, Meuraxa district, Banda Aceh. This study was conducted in May to October 2013. The method used in this research is descriptive and qualitative survey research methods. Population and sample in the study consisted of two soft-shelled crabs those farmers who are at two point locations. In this study, the analysis methods to be used, ie using E. SWOT analysis. The conclusion of this study is not simultaneously harvest, weather effects, and the addition of hormones to accelerate moulting. The strategy is a priority recommendation to implement a strategy S - T (strength - threat) is very supportive of the policy of increasing the cultivation of soft-shelled crabs significant by directing the power to overcome the threat in developing the cultivation of soft-shelled crabs in Gampong Lamjabat and Cot Lamkuweuh. However, other strategic priorities can also be used to support the strategy of S - T it.

Global warming has seized the world's attention will be growing even larger in the future considering the consequences of it. UNO, through environmental program UNEP (United Nations Environment Progranune) and the World Meteorological Organization (World Meteorological Organization, WMO) formed the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 to examine and analyze issues emerging science. Since 1990, every five or six years the IPCC has issued reports related to science through observation and prediction to determine the trend in the future. The conclusions that can be described are one of the strategic ways to protect the atmosphere is to control the use of natural resources. Increasing number of both large and medium industries in order to meet consumer needs for industrial products is contributing to increased emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from industrial processes. To meet international standards for the environment, using the GHG Emission Standard, Indonesian follows the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) guidelines. In applying these standards in the steel, chemical , aluminum and cement in Indonesia has two options: firstly, replacing old technology with new technology that GHG emissions is small, the second, modifies or adds equipment that reduce GHG emissions. This type of cooperation corresponding to the four types of industries (chemical, steel, cement and aluminum) are complementary models, simultaneous agreement model can be complete each other. Furthermore, various agreements between countries can be done through a variety of mechanisms. In addition, we need to realize the importance of industrial processes and ' clean production ', as this can increase the efficiency of use of raw materials, energy, prevent or replace the use of hazardous materials and toxic, reducing the amount and toxicity levels of all emissions and wastes before leaving the process. Clean production was essentially aimed at reducing the environmental impact throughout the product life cycle, from raw material collection to final disposal after the product was not used. Finally, community participation, industrialists, and government jointly required because it is the most effective measure in mitigating the effects of greenhouse gases.

Sugar industry in Indonesia has been experiencing rapid growth in local consumption, a decrease in domestic production, an increasingly growing import dependency, and a rise in the cost of energy use. This study explores the efficiency of energy use in the Indonesian sugar industry from 2010 to 2014 by applying the input distance function based on the trans-log model to all sugar mills across the country. The results revealed that substantial differences in energy efficiency exist across the provinces. The average energy efficiency is nearly 0.68, with the most efficient regions reaching nearly 0.77 and the lowest ones scoring about 0.62. The sugar mills in the provinces of Gorontalo, Banten, South Sulawesi, and East Java are more efficient than those of other provinces. The energy efficiency function suggested that increasing production volume can help to achieve more efficient energy use. Additionally, as labor and capital are substitute inputs, improvements in capital investment (technological upgrade) may yield larger outputs and contribute to more energy-efficient production. Meanwhile, raw materials and capital are complementary inputs, so improvements in energy efficiency via a larger mill size, bigger capital investment, and more efficient sourcing of raw materials can support the national government's production targets sustainably.

Indonesia has become the largest producer and exporter of crude palm oil commodities in the world. Therefore, the production of CPO turns out to be very greedy for land. There are any problems in production CPO, therefore the study aims to develop a conceptual framework of the source of output growth, whether driven by input or productivity growth, and to implement this concept by investigating the source of output growth in the crude palm oil industry in Indonesia. The investigation applies firm-level panel data and follows a quantitative approach using general method of moments to estimate the production coefficients and calculate the input and productivity growth. The result shows that the output growth of the crude palm oil industry does not lead in productivity growth driven. It seems to be driven by input growth, not by productivity growth. Since growth is still driven by input, the crude palm oil industry will be less competitive in the world market. The high world demand for crude palm oil commodities from Indonesia must be met by using more efficient input factors, optimizing production scale, and supporting technological progress. The government, therefore, must have strategies that are more competitive in the global market.

North Gorontalo Regency has a marine fisheries & aquaculture potential economic value. In response it, the government makes Minapolitan regional development policy. It is intended to enlarge the production of fisheries and aquaculture. However, the goal has not reached the target yet, because the implementation of policies have not been optimal. The purpose of this research is to measure and analyze the influence of regional development policy implementation Minapolitan toward the fisheries and aquaculture production. The method used in this research is explanatory survey by using the quantitative approach. The population is the policy implementer that consists of 221 persons. The technique of choosing sample uses estimation rule of thumb, so the total sample is 70 persons. Then statistical testing uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) model. The testing result shows that the implementation of regional development policy Minapolitan effects on the effectiveness of fishery production significantly, in which the dimension of the program implementers are able to reflect the variable implementation of development policy while the weak dimension is community leaders. The finding indicates that the implementation of the policy requires a dialogical approach, which is an approach that integrates both the interest of government and the public one.

By : Nanda UlzannaAdvisor : Dr. Evi Susanti Tasri SE. M.Si Kasman Karimi SE. M.Si SUMMARY Soybean is one of the primary commodities that are widely needed as inputs to produce secondary commodities, such as; soy milk, tempeh, tofu, soy flour and others. In connection with this, soybeans have a very important role in the economy in Indonesia. The availability of soybean in the input market, lately is very likely to experience problems because of insufficient availability for the needs of the community.Currently, Indonesia is the sixth largest producer of soybeans in the world after the United States, Brazil, Argentina, China and India. However, domestic soybean production has not been able to meet the growing domestic demand from time to time well beyond the increase in domestic production. To be sufficient, the government imports. With the problem of soybean raw materials, the Government of Indonesia needs to protect the soybean farmers by one of the ways is the tariff policy which is the mechanism of market protection from the threat of import of cheap soybean import.The method used in this research is multiple linear regression analysis that aims to see the influence and relationship between dependent variable with independent variable. The data used are secondary data from 1990-2015.The result of analysis shows that gross domestic product is positive and significant to the value of soybean import in Indonesia. The result of the analysis shows that the exchange rate is positive and not significant to the value of soybean import in Indonesia. The result of the analysis shows that international price is negatively and insignificant to the value of soybean import in Indonesia. The result of the analysis shows that soybean production has positive and significant effect to the value of soybean import in Indonesia. Keywords: Import Value of Soybean in Indonesia, Gross Domestic Product, Exchange Rate, International Price, Soybean Production in Indonesia.

Optimizing the area of oil palm plantations can be approached through the Cow and Palm Oil Integration System (SISKA), to increase efficiency and productivity through the integration of the plantation sub-sector with the livestock sub-sector. This study aimed to analyze the role of farmer groups and the institutional aspects of these groups in supporting the SISKA program in Pelalawan District. The approach used in this study was the institutional theory of Syahyuti. The role of farmer groups (as learning classes, production units and vehicles for collaboration) and institutional aspects of farmer groups (aspects of values, norms and behavior) were analyzed using Likert scale. The relationship between the roles and institutional aspects of the farmer groups was analyzed by Spearman Correlation test. The overall role of the farmer group is in the good category with a score of 3.49, most of the members (69.60%) answered in the fairly good and good category. The overall institutional aspects based on values, norms and behavior in the SISKA farmer group are in the good category with a score of 4.05. Correlation on sub-variable values, norms and behavior towards the role of farmers as units of production is a strong direct correlation. This shows that values, norms and behavior in groups affect, encourage and enhance the role of groups as learning classes that support the level of knowledge of farmers and the role of farmer groups as production unit.

Petroleum as a raw material in the production process of goods and services is a vital factor in supporting production activities in Indonesia. However, many variables that affect the oil change both the value and volume. This study aims to determine the effect of Foreign Exchange Reserves, Total Vehicle and Fuel Subsidy on Petroleum Imports value. The data used in this research is a secondary data sourced from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), and the Indonesian National Police. Based on the results of the simultaneous study of foreign exchange reserves variable number of vehicles and fuel subsidies have a significant effect on oil imports which described the period 2001-2010. Partially negative impact of foreign exchange reserves / no significant effect on oil imports while the number of vehicles and fuel subsidy partially positive and significant impact on petroleum imports 2001-2010 period. Factors that affect the dominant variable is imported petroleum fuel subsidies.

since 2007 ASEAN has moved towards an ASEAN Economic community(AEC) as an economi integration of member states based on four economic pillars. One of AEC economic pillar the single market and Production base, means,the region as a whole must become a single market and production base to produce and commercialize good and services anywhere in ASEAN. The establishment of AEC is offering opprtunities in the from of a huge market of US$ 2.6 Trillion and over 622 million people. Of this number, around 40 per cent or 245 million people live in Indonesia. Numerous officials and othes have their doubts and worried that Indonesia will mainly be the market for the AEC and Indonesia's progress in developing its human capital will be negatively impected compettition from other ASEAN nations. The crucial futher step of the AEC is to implement the free movement of skilled labors as one of five core principles of single market and production base pillar, as it will boost economic integration in the region levels. In practice however, progress towords freer mobility has been slow and uneven. In practice however, progress towards freer mobility has been slow and uneven, due to rigid national immigration policies, inequalities in professional education and licensing regimes, public ambivalence toward the AEC, and the vast income gap that many countries fear will contribute to brain drain. This article examines impediment of free movement of skilled labors as a result of weak political and public support to drive the process forward as well as the myriad policy and procedural obstacles of free movement of skilled labor of selected categories of professions associated mainly with trade in service and invesment, this article also reviews the AMSs' policies in these areas

Currently, ASEAN has come to the new phase of cooperation on political security, economic, and socio-cultural by the establishment of ASEAN Charter in 2008. The cooperation has been deepened, widened, and enlarged. Accordingly, the AEC is the most significant cooperations, namely the economic integration of ASEAN which not mere free trade area but to make the region as a production basefor all products of ASEAN as well as to accomplish the region as a single market by applying scorecard system of AEC's blueprint that should be preserved by all ASEAN state members. Theformation of AEC in 2015 totally depends to the commitments of the member states of ASEAN to apply those agreed trade agreements, roadmaps, and plan of actions including AEC's blueprint.

The study on the effect of fuel subsidies toward oil import is a controversial topicdiscussions. This study will explore the effect of fuel subsidies on oil import by addingseveral independent variables, consist of; the number of vehichles, the exchange rateand inflation. Data use time series data from 1980-2013. The tool of analyze is OrdinaryLeast Squares Method (OLS).Based on the results show that the simultaneous testexplains that the fuel subsidies, the number of vehichles, the exchange rate, and inflationhave a significant effect on oil import. However partially, the variables of fuel subsidies,the number of vehichles, and the exchange rate have a positive and significant effecton oil import. Inflation does not affect on oil import. The coefficient of determinationuses Adjusted R-square test is about 98%. The implication of this study is governmentscan increase oil production Indonesia. The government should facilitate the licensing ofinvestment and rejuvenate the old oil wells. It aims to reduce Indonesia dependence onoil import so that it can save foreign exchange reserves.

Food Estate is a government program with the concept of integrated food production development covering agriculture, plantation and animal husbandry located in a large land area. In simple terms the concept of Food Estate like a food industry villages. In running this program required a large capital, so the government opens opportunities for investment locations for the private sector to achieve efficiency, effectiveness and added value of the products that produced. The presence of a wave of private investment in the food estate program was not able to raise the welfare of the tenant farmers. Agricultural land tenure by investors makes the farmers only as laborers. So, the investors are who get benefits in this food estate program. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to look for other capital alternative. By using library research, in this study, cash waqf can be used as the capital alternative. Through cash waqf, assets of waqf in the form of empty lands can be used to be processed into agricultural land. Cash waqf can also be in the form of productive loans for farmers and agricultural investment. The large potential of cash waqf in Indonesia is expected to replace the role of private investors.

Indonesia has a long history in the agricultural management sector. The economic development in Indonesia shows that the development of the agricultural sector has a made great contribution to the change in the Indonesian economy. Agriculture also has an important role in providing employment. providing raw materials for other sectors. as foreign exchange. and as the basis for the food security of the Indonesian population. In the national policy. the government has prioritized the subsidies in the agricultural sector to stimulate it to be more productive. This research has some aims i.e.: to describe the role of the agricultural sector based on the distribution of household income groups in Indonesia; to describe the impact of household income level groups if the subsidies in the agricultural food sector or Indonesia have increased. The research was conducted by using the analysis of Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) with 2008 database. The food sectors are classified into: sector production of: rice. corn and soybeans. other crops. poultry meat (traditional farms). poultry meat (medium and large farms). eggs. forestry and hunting. fishing and others. The results of the study after the policy injection (simulation) show that the food industry has experienced a significant increase in productivity among the economic sectors. Agricultural entrepreneurs are the group that experienced a high increase in income among farming households. In addition. linkage analysis showed that the commodities of other food industries has experienced forward and backward linkages.