Suchergebnisse

Through a comparison of sector cases in Mozambique and Ghana, the paper analyzes why and how African states engage in developing productive sectors and with what success. It argues that successful state interventions depend on four factors: (1) sustained political support by the government leadership; (2) the existence of an embedded and mediating bureaucracy; (3) changing the 'rules of the game' which govern the distribution of economic benefits and resources; and (4) the organisation of industry actors and institutionalised interaction between industry actors and state actors. The paper starts with a case of successful intervention in Mozambique, using the four factors to explain why the Mozambican government's efforts to rehabilitate the sugar industry were successful over a fifteen year period. The paper then considers experiences in three sectors in Ghana that illustrate variation in the four factors and thus different economic outcomes. Specifically, cocoa, export is a case of sustained political support, palm oil is a case of poorly implemented industrial policy, and horticulture export is a case of political neglect of an industry. In concluding, the paper emphasizes the political context in which these sector cases are embedded and which shapes how ruling elites make policies and implement them, placing the comparisons within a broader conceptual framework.

AbstractRwanda's economic recovery since the genocide is largely associated with the government's effective leadership. This paper questions that narrative, highlighting that failure—rather than consistent effectiveness—is a common feature of productive sector policies in late developing countries and that the Rwandan case is no different. Using three examples where Rwanda's party‐owned investment group (Crystal Ventures Ltd) has been used as a key agent in productive sector policies, the paper finds that outcomes of learning from failure have varied significantly, highlighting some way to go before the government's developmental ambitions are met. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The purpose of this research was to analyze, from a curricular vision, the ways of correlation between the social actors present in the industrial technical schools and the aragüeño productive sector. It was based on the phenomenological interpretative paradigm supported by the hermeneutic method. Theoretically, it was supported in the action theory from Argyris and Schön (1978), including investigation about technical education, curriculum, as well as legal documents emanated from the governmental competent organisms on educational level. As a technic of analysis used the Inference Scale. (Argyris and Schön, 1978). The discoveries revealed that these institutions don't connect completely with the productive sector because there is not clarity in the application in the ministerial guidelines to fulfill curricular adaptations adjusted with the requirements from the enterprises. All of this damages the formation of competent technicians to contribute in the social development from the aragüeña community. ; El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar, desde una visión curricular, los modos de vinculación entre los actores sociales presentes en las escuelas técnicas industriales y el sector productivo aragüeño. Se fundamentó en el paradigma interpretativo fenomenológico apoyado en el método hermenéutico. Teóricamente, se sustentó en la Teoría de la Acción de Argyris y Schön (1978), además de investigaciones sobre educación técnica, currículo, así como de documentos legales emanados de organismos gubernamentales competentes en materia educativa. Como técnica de análisis se utilizó la Escala de Inferencia (Argyris y Schön, 1978). Los hallazgos revelaron que estas instituciones no se vinculan completamente con el sector productivo porque no existe claridad en la aplicación de los lineamientos ministeriales para realizar adaptaciones curriculares ajustadas a los requerimientos de las empresas. Todo esto perjudica la formación de Técnicos Medios competentes para contribuir en el desarrollo social de la comunidad ...

El trabajo que se presenta tiene por finalidad proponer la Coordinación de Prácticas Profesionales en el Programa Ciencias Económicas y Sociales del Núcleo Costa Oriental del Lago de la Universidad del Zulia. A través de las prácticas profesionales se pretende familiarizar al estudiante con los ambientes, actividades y tareas propias de la profesión, así como también con los instrumentos y sus diferentes campos de acción, además de los conocimientos necesarios para desarrollar la capacidad creativa e innovadora, de manera que pueda hacer frente a la realidad del país, participando en la dinámica de los procesos económicos, políticos y social-ambiental. Se espera que con la coordinación propuesta se logre la integración de la universidad con el sector productivo en la Costa Oriental del Lago en el estado Zulia ; The work presented proposes a Coordination for Internships in the Economic and Social Sciences Program at the University of Zulia, East Lake Coast campus. Through internships, students will get to know the environments, activities and tasks of the profession, as well as the instruments and different fields of action, in addition to the knowledge needed to develop creative and innovative capacity, so that they can deal with the reality of the country, participating in the dynamic of economic, political and social-environmental processes. It is hoped that through the proposed coordination, the university will be able to integrate with the productive sector on the East Lake Coast in the State of Zulia

This article focuses on the Brazilian Company for Industrial Research and Innovation, (EMBRAPII), a social organisation created as an intermediary agent to encourage partnerships between research centres and companies. The main objective was to overcome the shortcomings of Brazil's conventional STI public policies, the technological and innovation results of which were considered unsatisfactory. EMBRAPII innovates in governance and funding, regarded as an instrument capable of boosting companies' engagement in collaborative technology and innovation projects. This article concludes by acknowledging EMBRAPII's evident qualities with respect to the conventional STI policies, even though its achievements seems lower than expected in terms of the number of companies involved. The research findings endorse Ergas' assumption that policies cannot be assessed in isolation. 'The first and most fundamental is the dependence of technology policy outcomes on their economic and institutional environment.…'.

The research focused on determining the potential economic production capacity and how this can translate into addressing adverse socio-economic issues like unemployment, access to better health care, nutrition, clean water and sanitation, spread of HIV/AIDS and other social amenities. The target population was the key industries contributing 77.4% of the country's GDP namely; Agriculture, Mining, Manufacturing, Transport and communications, Distribution and Tourism, Education, Health, Electricity and water. Multiple regression analysis was used to come up with a model that best explains the time series data. The model results indicate that these industries are operating at an overall average level of 45.5% capacity, meaning that, at full potential, the country can operate at approximately US19.9 billion dollars GDP per year. This level of GDP is expected to more than double public expenditure on capital and social welfare projects. It will also increase the households' disposable incomes which will induce demand for key services like health care, education and others. We also expect investment expenditure to increase leading to job creation and improved domestic production which means less dependence on imports and hence more savings at home. However, full operating capacity can only be attained if a consistent policy framework is put in place to attract the necessary investment in small to medium enterprises (SMEs) and labour intensive manufacturing to create more jobs. This is expected to smooth out income distribution within the economy. Investment in infrastructure and tertiary education is critical since this is where innovation comes from. In developing countries, it is increasingly emerging that International business is keen to invest in the extractive industry where the risk is significantly reduced by the short payback period. The economics of this is largely due to corporate governance issues, political instability, inconsistency macroeconomic policies and corruption. This is therefore an area that ...