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Includes errata, p. xxiii (pt. 1), p. vii (pt. 2). ; Plates XVII-XIX, pt. 2, signed by G. Tomba. ; Pagination, pt. 1: xxiii, 172 p., X folded leaves of plates. Pt. 2: vii, 214, 16 p., XXIV folded leaves of plates. ; Mode of access: Internet. ; The 2 pts. are separately bound in contemporary brown decorated paper, backed in calf. Spines tooled in gilt, including author & title. Page edges sprinkled blue.

L'intervento prende in esame due casi di studio dell'Appennino tosco-emiliano: l'ospedale intitolato a San Benedetto e a Sant'Antonino delle Alpi, detto anche di Prato del Vescovo, e l'ospedale della Croce Brandegliana. Erano entrambi ospedali di valico posti su due delle principali strade che collegavano Pistoia ai territori emiliani. Particolarmente interessanti appaiono le vicende due e trecentesche di questi due enti (sorti a fine XI secolo), che conobbero il passaggio dalla giurisdizione ecclesiastica a quella comunale, l'ampliamento delle funzioni espletate, la progressiva riduzione della comunità ospedaliera fino al trasferimento in città o alla sua scomparsa. Nel tentativo di comprendere le ragioni di queste evoluzioni, nel contributo ci si sofferma sul significato assunto dalla costituzione di una rete ospedaliera per la colonizzazione ecclesiastica della zona; sulle conseguenze nell'indirizzamento militare delle attività ospedaliere derivante dall'affermazione del comune come forza politica; e infine sugli effetti di fenomeni di carattere climatico, fazionario e religioso nella configurazione del paesaggio assistenziale. ; The paper examines two case studies from the Tuscan-Emilian Apennines: the hospital named after St Benedict and St Antoninus of the Alps, also known as Prato del Vescovo, and the hospital of the Brandegliana Cross. Both were pass hospitals located on two of the main roads connecting Pistoia to the Emilian territories. The events of these two institutions (founded at the end of the 11th century) are particularly interesting in the 13th and 14th centuries, as they experienced the passage from ecclesiastical to municipal jurisdiction, the expansion of the functions performed, and the progressive reduction of the hospital community until it moved to the city or disappeared. In an attempt to understand the reasons for these evolutions, the contribution focuses on the significance of the establishment of a hospital network for the ecclesiastical colonisation of the area; on the consequences of the military direction of hospital activities resulting from the establishment of the municipality as a political force; and finally, on the effects of climatic, factional and religious phenomena on the configuration of the welfare landscape.

This essay explores Margaret Thatcher's political agency and leadership style in terms of her reliance on discursive and media strategies which thrived on the "confusion" of gender stereotypes and her ability to play with multiple, long-established archetypes of women in power, characterized by violent and aggressive femininity. Thatcher's frequent self-projection as a "masculine" character, the "honorary man" of British politics, and her special grip on British public opinion and fantasies, were never disjointed from her ability to don, exploit, subvert and redirect "motherly' (or at least "womanly") performances at will, in order to serve her political agenda. Focusing on her strategic deployment of a rhetoric and discourses of aggression, divisiveness, conflict and war, the essay highlights Thatcher's ability to re-create and keep alive the idea of a national community always under siege, where extraordinary economic, disciplinary and defence measure were required in order to resist and overcome domestic and foreign "enemies". The Falklands War will be taken as case study, for it provides an outstanding example of Thatcher's powerful revision of female political authority against the backdrop of the conventionally masculine, heroic imaginary of war. Her masterly and coterminous performances as war leader and "super-mother" of the nation allowed for a complex and hybrid self-projection which still acts as an empowering model whose disciplinary subtext entails a nostalgic investment in imperial national history.

This paper aims to define the dialectic between "finished" and "unfinished" in the works of Virgil and Horace. A final and shorter section will be devoted to Ovid. The dialectic finished/unfinished will be analysed within the framework of three variously interrelated topics: its relationship to literary forms and models (especially from Hellenistic poetry); the author's self-representation and his projection of "immortality"; the context of receptions among readers and the relationship with political power (first and foremost, with Augustus).

This article aims to present the contents of this monographic issue and to expose some considerations on Italian-Yugoslav relations during the interwar period, in the frame-work of Italian strategies towards the Danube-Balkan region. For this purpose, some constants in the Italian eastwards projection and great power ambitions, between the last post-WWI liberal governments and the fascist regime, will be highlighted. Space will be dedicated to the role played by cultural circles and political propaganda, which represented crucial elements in order to support Italian hegemonic projects towards both Yugoslavia and the whole central and south-eastern European area.

Juventus is a national symbol, the most loved club by Italian people, but also the most hated. The disdained, the hostility, the controversial that follows this team has no equal in the history of Italian sport. The anijuventinism is a cultural phenomena very complex that meets the history and the evolution of Italian football and also the whole country. All the controversy about the "Vecchia Signora" (the "Old Lady") are the football projection of strong and deep feelings as the rejection of authority, conspiracy, populism and suspect about the institutions. Thanks to a historical analysis, this book tries to tell about a popular history that goes beyond football.

In this article the author explores the cultural movement called Afrofuturism, tracing its origins, features, simbology, and its historical and political meanings. Starting from the (supposed) discoursive gap between African and African American people on one side and technology and science fiction on the other, this paradigm addresses themes related to the intersection of African Diaspora and African cultures with technology and science fiction, with the aim to recover the history of slavery and racism through the projections into alternative space-time contexts. In particular, the author explores the feminist afrofuturism perspective in order to examine the specific oppression and cultural production of African and African American women. In doing so, the author analyzes the development of afrofuturism in Italy, focusing on the work of the singer and beatmaker Karima 2G.

Ambitions and cultural exploitations in response to the crisis. Discourses and urban metamorphosis in Cagliari. – This contribution reflects on how the cultural dimension is embedded in the "narrative" on the city (Cagliari) as a pos-sible answer to the problems of the current economic and social crisis. Our hypothesis is that the use of "miraculous" values of culture is the 'Trojan Horse' to legitimize neoliberal policies and actions on the city, where almost get confused public interventions of actual value but also speculative interests of private individuals. This hypothesis is argued by analyzing the speeches and achievements of some projects based on ex-plicit cultural and symbolic values, ambitions and/or exploitations. These also involve the ambition of a projection of the city on the international scene: from "Cagliari capital of the Mediterranean" to "Cagliari Europe-an Capital of Culture"

In the year marking the centenary since the foundation of the Azerbaijani Diplomatic Service, Baku's foreign policy is increasingly characterised by a broader understanding of diplomacy, shaped by the gradual yet steady expansion of both areas and the tools for intervention. Guided by the attempt to develop a 'niche strategy' aiming at safeguarding and promoting Azerbaijani national interest, the Humanitarian Diplomacy emerges as a privileged field for Baku to adopt a pro-active and creative foreign policy. Building upon the debate around the interests behind the aid-providing activities of traditional and emerging donors, the article aims at introducing the motivations and the aims behind Azerbaijani aid policy. In particular, it aims at demonstrating that Baku's Humanitarian Diplomacy aims chiefly at achieving immaterial benefits, having to do with international prestige and with the construction and international projection of a Good International Citizenship.

In the last 40 years, the "Great Sporting Events" such as Olympic Games have gained increasing popularity and, at the same time, increased international importance. The geographical space where major sporting events take place is not a passive container of such performances, on the contrary, the territorialization of mega-events is an expression of political, economic, and cultural interests. Although their duration is ephemeral, they have a very significant impact on a local, regional and global scale. Countries compete to host these events to obtain greater visibility, improve their infrastructure, attract tourist flows, and ultimately, achieve a territorial projection on a regional and global scale. Olympic Games as an instrument of state soft power politics: the case of Winter Olympic Games Sochi 2014 is a work of research that describes how was the international behavior of Russia in the role of the organizer of the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympic Games and the consequent use of such great event in foreign policy, with the ultimate aim of standing out politically on the international scene.

The restoration of Portugal has been one of the most relevant objects of Iberian historiographical studies in the last decades. The study of the events related by the Neapolitan Capuchin Fra' Bonaventura d'Alessano reconstructs the internal problems of John IV of Bragança and the court of Lisbon and the limits that the reason of State focused on the missionary projection of the Holy See – through Propaganda Fide and the help given by Philip IV of Habsburg in Madrid– in the African continent, being a prologue to Catholic confessional activity in southern Africa and its consolidation despite the Dutch monopoly of the WIC in Angolan and Congolese spaces ; Questo saggio fa parte del progetto Reloj de Indias: la proyección europea en el Atlántico, 1665- 1700 (SI1/PJI/2019-00270), concesso dalla Comunidad de Madrid e l'Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (ricercatrice principale: Cristina Bravo Lozano; membro ricercatore: Roberto Quirós Rosado). Anche, è risultato del progetto FAILURE: Reversing the Genealogies of Unsuccess, 16th-19th Centuries [H2020-MSCA-RISE, Grant agreement: 823998] nel suo WP4. "Unsuccessful polities, from empire to nations, and international relationships" (membri ricercatori: Cristina Bravo Lozano e Roberto Quirós Rosado)

Questo studio intende contribuire alla comprensione dell'ascesa navale cinese attraverso l'analisi delle premesse storiche, delle caratteristiche, delle ragioni e degli obiettivi nazionali, e infine delle implicazioni strategiche legate alla proiezione della Cina sul dominio marittimo. In particolare, alla luce dell'analisi relativa alla visione strategica cinese, viene esaminata la condotta navale di Pechino sui teatri regionali dell'Asia orientale, con particolare attenzione al Mar Cinese Meridionale, e sui domini di mare aperto, sui quali la proiezione cinese ha iniziato a guadagnare un relativo consolidamento, soprattutto nella regione dell'Oceano Indiano. In questa prospettiva, l'analisi delle implicazioni strategiche ha rivelato come l'ascesa della potenza navale cinese abbia stimolato un processo di competizione con Giappone e India, mentre anche per l'egemonia marittima statunitense la potenza cinese si conferma un attore sempre più competitivo, in particolare in Asia orientale. Inoltre, il consolidamento cinese nella regione ha determinato una trasformazione strategica e territoriale del Mar Cinese Meridionale, mentre la competizione navale con l'India ha contribuito a una certa riconfigurazione strategica dell'Oceano Indiano. Con queste premesse, la presente analisi ambisce a dimostrare come l'ascesa della potenza navale cinese non abbia innescato processi di forte destabilizzazione dell'ordine marittimo vigente, ma si sia piuttosto affermata in modo graduale e controllato. In questo quadro, l'impegno di Pechino a sostegno della stabilità marittima globale, attraverso esperienze di cooperazione navale e diplomazia militare, è stato enfatizzato in quanto dimensione integrante della visione strategica cinese nel suo insieme. ; This study aims to contribute to the understanding of China's naval rise through the analysis of its historical background, characteristics, reasons and objectives, as well as the strategic implications linked to China's increasing projection on the maritime domain. Particularly, within its overall strategic vision, Beijing's naval conduct is examined within the East Asian scenario, with particular attention to the South China Sea, and on the open sea domains, where the Chinese projection is obtaining a relative consolidation, especially in the Indian Ocean region. From this perspective, the assessment of its strategic implications reveals how China's naval rise has triggered a process of competition with Japan and India, whereas Beijing has emerged as an increasingly competitive actor vis-à-vis the US maritime hegemony, especially in East Asia. In addition, the consolidation of China's reach in the region has led to a strategic and territorial transformation of the South China Sea, and ongoing naval competition with India has contributed to a certain strategic reconfiguration of the Indian Ocean. Considering these processes, this analysis aims to demonstrate how the rise of China's naval power has not provoked critical destabilization of the current maritime order, rather emerging as a progressive and controlled evolution. Against this backdrop, Beijing's commitment to supporting global maritime stability, through contributions to naval cooperation and military diplomacy, has been emphasized as an integral dimension of China's strategic vision at sea.

Otto Hintze was an excellent example of the cultural turmoil that hit historical and political studies in the great crisis between nineteenth and twentieth centuries, with respect to the destiny of the European tradition and its projection in a political world dominated by new universalistic perspectives. Hintze moved thus between a historiography which was for long time attentive to the Prussian case – which he considered almost a paradigm of the modern State – and political science, in constant tension with Weber's contemporary foundation of a comprehensive sociology. The essay attempts to investigate the foundational question of legitimacy as the deepest and most innovative character of Hintze's work. ; Otto Hintze fu esempio eccellente del turbamento culturale che colpì gli studi di storia e politica nella grande crisi sorta fra XIX e XX secolo, rispetto al destino della tradizione europea e la sua proiezione in un mondo politico dominato da nuove prospettive universalistiche. Hintze si mosse così fra una storiografia a lungo attenta al caso prussiano, da lui considerato quasi paradigma dello Stato moderno, ed un punto di vista a carattere politologico, in costante tensione con la contemporanea fondazione, da parte di Max Weber, di una sociologia comprendente. Il saggio cerca di cogliere nel tema fondante della legittimità il carattere più profondo e innovativo dell'opera di Hintze.

Austerity policies embraced after 2009 in the European union have been very controversial both in political and academical debate. While its supporters claim that fiscal adjustment is necessary to restore the sustainability of public finances, critics argue that the negative effect of austerity on economic growth is so large that it may even be counterproductive. Indeed, the improvement of fiscal position and the debt to GDP ratio has been much slower and fiscal multipliers considerably larger than expected , suggesting that self-defeating austerity might be a realistic possibility. This work will examine various aspects that determine the effectiveness of fiscal policy in reducing the debt to GDP ratio, such as the initial level of debt, tax and expenditure levels, size and timing of consolidation, long run effect on economic growth. The focus will be on the sensitivity of debt to GDP projections to the underlying assumptions, to highlight the complex trade-offs of different policy options. This thesis is organized as follows: chapter 2 is devoted to the development of the general analytical framework used and its relations with previous works; in chapter 3 we will study the properties of the model through a simulation exercise under different parametrizations; in chapter 4 we will compare these results with the European countries in the period after the financial crisis. Some conclusive remarks (chapter 5) follow.