Suchergebnisse

Abi Saab, Fares: Southern Mount Lebanon: false democracy in an unsovereign. Nassif, Nicholas: Northern Mount Lebanon: Aramia's prophecy. Douweihy, Shawqi: The North: socio-political structures and the electoral contest. Sleiman, Issam: Beirut: the lack of equality. Krayyem, Hassan: South Lebanon: the same plot on an old stage. Atallah, Antoine: The Biqa': the failure of the Muhafaza experiment. Majed, Ziad: Election infractions and fraud. Al-Khazen, Farid: The prolongation of disorder through the electoral process. Sassine, Fares: The 1992-1996 legislature: the story of stalemate. Bahout, Joseph: A scene after the election battle: new elites and alternative elites. Taqieddine, Sleiman: Challenges to the Parliamentary elections within the Contitutional Court. Messara, Antoine: The role of political parties: marginalization and disequilibrium. Abdo-Qai: Electoral obligations and behavior: civic dimensions and political participation. Helou, Margaret: Women and politics in Lebanon in the 1996 elections. Shawoul, Milhelm: The role of the media. Sader, Dima: Electoral machines: unequal battle and traditional roles. Salem, Paul: Democracy in Lebanon: between politics and the elections of 1996

يقوم مبدأ المكاسب المتكافئة في المعاهدات الدولية على إيجاد قاعدة عامة للتعايش الإنساني القائم على الرضا والمنفعة المشتركة؛ لأنه يعد سبيلا إلى تحقيق السلام العالمي بين الدول والأفراد والجماعات. وتلخصت الأسس التي يقوم عليها إلى ثلاثة أسس رئيسة: الأولى الأمانة؛ وهي المعزز الرئيسي الأول لمعنى الثقة. الثانية: التوازن؛ وهو القدرة على التعبير عن الرأي مع مراعاة آراء ومخاوف الطرف الآخر. الثالثة: عقلية الوفرة؛ وهي تصور ذهني يقوم على الثقة الواسعة بعطاء الله عز وجل. وكان التاريخ الإسلامي زاخرا بهذا المبدأ وأسسه حيث كانت النواة الأولى للنهضة والفتوحات السلمية، واخترت منه شاهدين: الأول: معاهدة صلح الحديبية في زمن النبوة، والآخر: العهدة العمرية في زمن الخلافة. ; Abstract The principle of equal gains in international treaties is to find a general rule of human coexistence based on mutual benefit and satisfaction; it is a way to achieve world peace among nations and individuals and groups. And it summarized the foundations of three main bases: The first one; is to be a trustworthy. Second: to be balanced, and it's the ability to express opinion, and thoughts with taking into account the views and concerns of the other party. Third: the mentality of abundance; and it's the confidence ones have, that Allah the Almighty ensured that every living thing have its share on this earth. The equal gains principle was founded in the Islamic history on many Occasions that created the very soul of the Islamic empire, and so I chose two Examples to present the idea: the first one is about the Khudaibiya Treaty at the time of the prophecy, and the second one is Auhdah alumarya at the time of kilafa