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Deterrence & compellence couple demands for inaction & action, respectively, to a threat of sanctions. Conventional wisdom holds that deterrence requires less coercive effort than compellence, yet expected utility theory contradicts this claim. Only if exogenous factors affect these situations in a systematic & asymmetrical manner will the claim hold within expected utility theory. Prospect theory provides a systematic & endogenous account for this claim. Experimental findings suggest the degree of effort required to obtain compliance in comparable deterrence & compellence situations. Deterrence is "easier" than compellence, but this relationship is variable. Deterrence requires less effort than expected, & the relative effort it requires decreases substantially as the stakes demanded & costs threatened grow. Compellence requires more effort than expected, & the relative effort it requires decreases slightly as the stakes demanded & costs threatened grow. 6 Tables, 1 Figure, 39 References. Adapted from the source document.

PROSPECT THEORY SUGGESTS THAT INDIVIDUALS' ORIENTATIONS TOWARD RISK AFFECT PEOPLE'S BEHAVIOR. THIS ESSAY CONSIDERS POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS, EXPLORING THE EXTENT TO WHICH PEOPLE'S VIEWS ABOUT RISK INFLUENCE STATUS QUO ORIENTATIONS, POLITICAL PARTICIPATION, AND POLITICAL INVOLVEMENT. DATA FROM A STUDENT SAMPLE ARE USED TO TEST THESE EXPECTED RELATIONSHIP.