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Decision making in the face of risk from law enforcement is considered from the perspective provided by theoretical models of interdependent decisions of potential drug smugglers regarding entry and the use of violence following entry. Implications of three different models of decision making under risk are examined: expected value, expected utility, and prospect theory. The theoretical results help explain many observed characteristics of drug-smuggling operations and allow clarification of some implications drawn from studies of smuggling behavior that were not considered in the context of such models.

Abstract  One objective of regulatory investigations of possible improprieties by publicly traded corporations and the imposition of sanctions if malfeasance is found is to deter other corporations from engaging in such behavior. Although the magnitude of the deterrent effect is an empirical issue, this paper provides an a priori analysis as to why the deterrent effect will be blunted in many cases, why its strength will not be uniform over time, and why, based in part on prospect theory, the deterrent effect will be weaker for ongoing questionable practices than for practices in their formative stages.

Matthew Robert Kerbel, Remote and Controlled: Media Politics in a Cynical AgeWilliam V. Kennedy, The Military and the Media: Why the Press Cannot be Trusted to Cover a WarStephen Powers, David J. Rothman, and Stanley Rothman, Hollywood's America: Social and Political Themes in Motion PicturesBarbara Farnham (ed.), Avoiding Losses/Taking Risks: Prospect Theory and International ConflictKenneth Arrow, Robert H. Mnookin, Lee Ross, Amos Tversky and Robert Wilson, (eds.) Barriers to Conflict ResolutionYueh‐Ting, Lee J. Jussim, Clark R. McCauley (eds.), Stereotype Accuracy: Toward Appreciating Group Differences

Intro -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction: The Significance of Chinese Communication Theory and Research in a Glocalizing World -- I State of the Field -- 1 Communication Studies in China: State of the Art -- 2 Intercultural/ Interpersonal Communication Research in China: A Preliminary Review -- 3 Chinese Communication Theory and Practice: A Tier- Based Perspective -- II Metatheoretical Critique -- 4 A Critical Examination of the Eurocentric Representation of Chinese Communication -- 5 Masculinity Index and Communication Style: An East Asian Perspective -- III Theory and Research in Context -- 6 Comparative Studies of Chinese and Western Rhetorics: Reflections and Challenges -- 7 "The Assimilation of Western Learning": An Overlooked Area of Intercultural Communication -- 8 Research on Chinese Communication Campaigns: A Historical Review -- 9 Balancing Ideals and Interests: Toward a Chinese Perspective of Development Communication -- 10 Chinese Health Communication in the Old and New Millennia -- 11 What We Still Need to Know about Chinese Negotiation -- 12 Advertising with Chinese Characteristics: The Development of Advertising in China, 1979- 1999 -- IV Challenges of Glocalization -- 13 The Interface Between Culture and Technology in Chinese Communication -- 14 Computer- Mediated Communication: Internet Development and New Challenges in China -- 15 The Essential Role of Chinese as the World's Leading Logographic Writing System in Global Communication -- 16 Problems and Prospects of Chinese Communication Study -- Index -- About the Editors and Contributors.

Machine generated contents note: -- Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 I Political Psychology 13 1 Understanding Beliefs 15 2 The Drunkard's Search 40 II Heuristics and Biases 61 3 Representativeness, Foreign Policy Judgments, and Theory-Driven Perceptions 63 4 Prospect Theory: The Political Implications of Loss Aversion 85 III Political Psychology And International Relations Theory 105 5 Signaling and Perception: Projecting Images and Drawing Inferences 107 6 Political Psychology Research and Theory: Bridges and Barriers 125 7 Why Intelligence and Policymakers Clash 148 8 Identity and the Cold War 169 IV Psychology And National Security 189 9 Deterrence and Perception 191 10 Psychology and Crisis Stability 216 11 Domino Beliefs 234 12 Perception, Misperception, and the End of the Cold War 261 Index 281

In my experience, the topics people study tend to be those that touch some deep personal value of the individual. That is true for me regarding accountability. And the dynamics of accountability-the topic to which I have devoted much of my attention over the years-encompass both theoretical richness and practical challenges. I love talking about accountability and responsiveness because these are the values in which I believe. Why? Because accountability is based on fairness, integrity, doing what is right, and regard for others. Because it is fundamental to how people and organizations operate. I thank the John Gaus Award Committee and the APSA for this honor. Recognition by my peers is the highest honor and a judgment that I value. My excitement for receiving this award also comes from the unique opportunity that crafting this talk has granted me to take a step back and consider the recent past, current events, and prospects of the future of accountability. I am sure that if I asked you, we could hear some amazing stories of how each of us became academics; how we arrived upon our research; how we discovered our intellectual passions. What I have always liked about public administration was the emphasis on the link between theory and practice. It is the aspect of public administration that intrigues and stimulates me most. Government is an essential institution. And I am driven by a desire to always want to know more and more about how it works today and how it can work better tomorrow. Call me a realistic optimist. I can see the flaws, but I think it is essential to see the good government does every day. So here I am, a believer in government as an institution-committed to good government that plays a positive role in society. This makes me both a 'throwback' to earlier days, and someone who sees through the dysfunction of government today. I recognize this puts me at odds with the followers of Ayn Rand, but I am not a Pollyanna. I am aware of the limits of government. And I am aware of our ability to design institutions that can make the most of human nature and our academic insights. Adapted from the source document.

Neoclassical realism emerged as part of the neorealists' response to the criticism of their core theoretical provisions, intended to adapt the latter to the challenges of post-bipolar international relations. However, with further elucidation and formalization of the key ideas and premises of neoclassical realism it started to assert itself as an independent research approach, and even more so, as a special, metasynthetic theory. In order to assess the validity of these claims and, in general, to better understand the place of neoclassical realism in the theory of international relations, this paper considers it within the context of the evolutionary logic of the realist paradigm and neorealism, in particular. The first section identifies the origins and main theoretical provisions of neoclassical realism. The second section covers modern theoretical debates on the essence of and prospects for further development of analytical and methodological aspects of this approach. In order to provide a better understanding of the epistemological potential of the neoclassical realism, the third section examines empirical researches carried out within its framework. The author concludes that at the moment neoclassical realism can hardly qualify for the status of an independent theoretical position, let alone a meta-theory. It is more appropriate to consider it as a peculiar form, specific research model within the framework of the (neo)realist paradigm. As such, it allows putting forward verifiable hypotheses based on the analysis of the relationships between the independent, dependent and interfering variables, and also opens up new opportunities for conducting empirical research on a wide range of subject matters. At the same time, there is still a lot of work to be done to overcome the eclecticism inherent to neoclassical realism and to better define its ontological, epistemological and methodological foundations.

This paper aims to consider the current situations and issues related to legislation by House members in Japan, and presents future prospects of the legislation. The Legislature in most countries is the government organ that governs through legislation public and civil activities. Therefore, its main role is the drafting and deliberations of bills. However, since the 20th century, the role of the Legislature has become lessened as a result of the rise of welfare state theory. Consequently, especially in developed countries, a situation called "the administrative state" has appeared, and this has given rise to much room for "legislation by cabinet", which means that the Executive has begun to perform legislation activities that the Legislature would normally perform. This situation would mean that not only does the Executive pre-dominate the Legislature, but also that the supervisory functions toward the Executive by the Legislature are no longer required. Therefore, in this paper, we survey, based on the theories of preceding studies and using Japan as an example, the actual situation of legislation by House members in Japan and consider the prospects of the development of Japan as a legislative state. ; งานวิจัยนี้จัดทำขึ้นเพื่อวิเคราะห์สภาพปัจจุบันและปัญหาของพระราชบัญญัติในญี่ปุ่น รวมทั้งบ่งชี้ถึงความน่าจะเป็นต่อไปในอนาคต อย่างที่ทราบกันดีว่าสถาบันนิติบัญญัติเป็นหน่วยงานของประเทศที่มีหน้าที่ดำเนินกิจกรรมต่างๆ ด้านนิติบัญญัติแทนประชาชน ซึ่งหน้าที่หลักๆ ดังกล่าวก็คือการเสนอพิจารณาและอนุมัติร่างกฎหมายนั่นเอง ทว่าตั้งแต่เข้าสู่ศตวรรษที่ 20 เป็นต้นมา สถาบันนิติบัญญัติได้ถูกลดบทบาทและหน้าที่ลงเนื่องจากความนิยมในแนวคิดรัฐสวัสดิการที่เพิ่มมากขึ้น โดยเฉพาะในประเทศที่พัฒนาแล้ว ปัจจุบันได้เกิดสภาพการบริหารประเทศที่เรียกว่า "รัฐบริหาร (administrativestate)" ส่งผลให้กิจกรรมด้านนิติบัญญัติทั่วไปที่ควรจะเป็นหน้าที่ของสถาบันนิติบัญญัติกลับถูกดำเนินการโดยสถาบันบริหารโดยการ "มอบอำนาจนิติบัญญัติ (legislation by cabinet)" แทน สภาพเช่นนี้ไม่เพียงตีความได้ว่าสถาบันนิติบัญญัติถูกควบคุมโดยสถาบันบริหารเท่านั้น แต่ยังหมายความว่าสถาบันนิติบัญญัติกำลังสูญเสียอำนาจในการตรวจสอบสถาบันบริหารอีกด้วย ดังนั้นในงานวิจัยนี้จึงจะนำกรณีของประเทศญี่ปุ่นเป็นกรณีตัวอย่าง เพื่อวิเคราะห์สภาพปัจจุบันของพระราชบัญญัติและพิจารณาหาแผนรับมือเพื่อให้ประเทศญี่ปุ่นได้พัฒนาการร่างกฎหมายแห่งชาติอย่างแท้จริง

Abstract
Examining and understanding the culture of 200+ countries to determine how business is conducted in those countries is a daunting and overwhelming prospect. By combining theories of culture, it is possible to create a Classification Of Cultures Model using Time, Task and Relationship concepts. However, this model does not suggest how to adapt when conducting business in a particular political/economic environment. Continua of cultural elements related to conducting business are created based upon structural elements, process elements and communication elements. Combining the continua with the Classification of Cultures Model creates the Global Business Process Model. This framework is a way to capture the array of cultures, identify similarities and differences in business practices, and provide a starting point for creating adaptive strategies and behaviours.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Shocks, Windows of Opportunity, and Outcomes -- The State of the Field on Political Shocks: A Review of (mostly) Quantitative Literature -- Political Shocks and the Punctuated Equilibrium Model: Applications to the Evolution of Norms in the Americas -- A Framework for Analyzing Political Shocks and their Effects,- Role Theory and Political Shocks -- Populist Leadership, Economic Shocks, and Foreign Policy Change -- Tie-Capacity Shocks and the Resilience of International Trade and Alliance Networks -- Domestic Shocks and Prospect Theory -- Political Elite Structures in Arab Uprisings (2011 And On) and Foreign Policy Ramifications -- Chinese Strategic Thinking and the Idea of Shocks: Old Literature, New Application? -- Globalization Shocks and Foreign Military Intervention.

This study proposes two rational models to reconcile the enigma regarding the inconsistent bond pricing that results among bonds with the same ratings. First, we apply a nonlinear utility function to the expected utility theory and observe different expected utilities for senior bonds and subordinated bonds with the same bond rating. Second, we implement the cumulative prospect theory to demonstrate that the inconsistency occurs when the effect on the convexity of the value function dominates the effect on the overweightness of the weighting function. The two models demonstrate that rather than using the notching policy to explain bond pricing, the inconsistent bond pricing can exist under rational market conditions.

Argues that dependency theory, always regarded as the foremost revolutionary alternative to the hegemonic ideology of Eurocentrism best expressed by modernization theory, is equally Eurocentric & has been so from the beginning. The postmodernist perspective, where the notion of development itself is questioned, & its desirability is contested, certainly poses a greater challenge. The rise & decline of dependency theory may be interpreted in terms of the rise & decline of early post-WWII optimism about the developmental prospects of the newly established Third World. With the failure of national development & the rise of globalism, dependency theory too has declined & ceased to be persuasive. The Turkish literature on development from the 1930s & the 1980s-1990s is cited to demonstrate that the rise of the notion of authenticity as a critique of Eurocentrism is as universal a phenomenon today as was the rise of dependency ideas half a century earlier. Adapted from the source document.

Introduction. The variety of approaches and topics in the study of terrorism, as well as the obvious difference in axiological grounds for assessing terrorist activity, allows the authors to raise the question of an interdisciplinary study of this problem. The authors understand terrorism as an illegal political confrontation in the struggle for power with the use of violence in order to intimidate or physically eliminate the enemy.Methodology and sources. The methodological basis of the work is the world-system concept of I. Wallerstein. The authors reveal the advantages of the world-system approach by comparing it with the paradigm of political realism in the theory of international relations. They indicate the boundaries of the paradigm of political realism, which operates at the level of the concepts of "States" and "International Coalitions", while the phenomenon of terrorism includes structures at the level of groups and organizations. The world-systems approach allows researchers to see terrorism as an anti-system movement generated by the contradictions in the development of the system itself, to distinguish between pro-system and anti-system terrorism, to analyze this phenomenon at all societal levels. One of the essential advantages of the world-systems approach is its ability to accumulate different approaches and related disciplines in order to describe the dynamics of modern societies. In their theoretical constructions, the authors rely on the typology of terrorist organizations by O. Lizardo and A. Bergesen, as well as on the concept of waves of terrorism by D. Rapport. The authors conduct a critical analysis of the typology of terrorism by O. Lizardo, A. Bergesen and note that this typology helps to see the structural source (core, semi-periphery, periphery) and the main structural goal of terrorist organizations, but leaves behind such a phenomenon as state terrorism.Results and discussion. The authors describe terrorism in its interrelation with processes in the world system at different societal levels. At the super-macro level, the world-systems conditions for the emergence of waves of terrorist activity are described, and the links between terrorism and the struggle to establish a global order are indicated. At the macro level (the level of political confrontation for the establishment of some form of order within the state), the authors investigate the differences between terrorism in "closed" and "open" societies. They note the connection between bursts of terrorist activity and the transition from a "closed" to an "open" state and vice versa. The authors consider the connection of terrorism with the processes of the peripheralization of societies as a meso-level phenomenon. Such terrorism, as a rule, is local and is inspired by the national liberation slogans of the societies of the internal periphery, the authors note that the struggle with the state here can go for both sovereignty and disputed territories. The authors refer to the meso-level the activities of terrorist organizations aimed at migrants who come from the outer periphery. The authors note that the subject of terrorism research at the micro level is, as a rule, the personality of the terrorist.Conclusion. The use of a world-systems approach to consider terrorism seems promising, and allows researchers to consider structural relations that are not available to other approaches. The authors express the hope that the interdisciplinary capabilities of the world-systems approach, its methodological potential woul be able to form a reliable basis for subsequent studies of terrorism as one of the means of illegitimate political violence in the modern world.

The theoretical and legal study of the institute of local self-government makes it possible to identify its essential characteristics, to determine its place in the system of public power, which is a complex process influenced by various circumstances, their identification is the task of science to establish the truth and introduce it into scientific circulation. The study of local self-government in the context of theoretical and legal science allows us to outline the range of its problems and outline the prospects for development, which as a result becomes an effective means of realizing its goals and objectives that ensure the dynamics of the formation of democracy. It is established that the theoretical potential and practical results contribute to improving the organization of the modern model of local self-government, reaching consensus with state bodies on issues of joint management and the realization of its potential in municipalities.