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The subject of the analysis in the article is the participation of the local government administration in running a cultural institution. The situation in the Podlaskie voivodship has been analyzed on a nationwide basis. The main problems focus on the principles and methods of financing cultural institutions by regional self-government and various ways of obtaining additional, extra-budgetary funding for their activities, especially from Ministry of Culture and National Heritage and the European Union. The author points to spatial, social, and financial diversification related to the access to cultural events and participation in them using the example of Podlaskie voivodship. He propounds greater professionalisation related to running cultural institutions at the level of the voivodship as well as conducting pro-development cultural policy by local government units. He also stresses the need for activating local and regional communities in connection with cultural events and participation in organizing them. Participation in culture at the local and regional level and prudent government policy in this area are the foundation for building a strong social and regional identity.

The examination of public policy in Poland should refer to the terms, analytical categories as well as theories, which have already been postulated in this research field. The article aims to present an overview of the development of public policy theories in the long run. To begin with, the typological and stages approaches were presented. The theories of public policy were presented as two broader classes based on the differentiation into rational and interpretative paradigms. The application of the first one was examined in greater detail in the area of defining the choices of the ways to address public issues. The interpretative paradigm was presented mainly in connection with the argumentative approach as well as an attempt to combine the rational and interpretative approaches in the context of a rational discussion. The overview ends with the presentation of a few ways of organising the public policy research field through the research questions, the research areas, the theoretical-methodological framework as well as the archetypes of the public policy analysts' activity.

In contemporary states the aims of public policy are more often met through the implementation of regulatory instruments. It appears vital then to analyse their theoretical background as well as to contextually specify the conditions of their effective implementation. The following paper aims to conduct an analysis of the regulatory instruments such as standards, soft law along with self-regulation. There are three types of regulatory standards pointed out (goal-oriented, resultative, specific). The choice of a given standard often depends on context-specific factors, and additionally it involves an important dilemma, i.e. whether they should be unified for all the subordinate entities or differentiated in terms of the given features of the regulated entities. The author analyses the so-called 'soft law' as a regulatory instrument, which is implemented both in national and international regulatory systems. The term is used within the framework of regulatory policy and holds that the aims of public policy can be met through the application of soft, and sometimes 'informal' tools, that in certain circumstances might turn out to be equally effective as typical hard regulatory tools that are subject to sanction. The article additionally aims to address the issue of self-regulation that encompasses a set of rules that economic entities have created in a voluntary way (informally) and reciprocally claim as legally binding. These can also entail formal rules (e.g. the codes of conduct) that are fully executed in courts. In the summary section it is claimed that the choice of regulatory instruments is the one that should be dependent on the level of maturity of the institutional structures functioning within an economy as well as the capacity of entities to adequately react to informative market signals.

Miao Yi. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 138-146). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract (In English) --- p.i ; Abstract (In Chinese) --- p.iii ; Acknowledgement --- p.v ; Abbreviation --- p.vi ; Chapter Chapter I --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Social-Political Background --- p.4 ; Significance of Cadre Training --- p.7 ; Organization of the Thesis --- p.8 ; Chapter Chapter II --- Literature Review and Methodology --- p.10 ; Convergence Vs Divergence: Two Views on China's Administrative Reforms --- p.14 ; Interplay of Convergent and Divergent Forces --- p.21 ; Elites Transformation: A Convergence Trend? --- p.24 ; Rise of Technocracy in China --- p.25 ; Methodology --- p.34 ; Chapter Chapter III --- Rationale of China's MPA Education --- p.36 ; Features of Cadre Training in China: a historical perspective --- p.38 ; Demand for MPA Education: external and internal impetus --- p.43 ; Chapter Chapter IV --- Design and Implementation of MPA Program at National Level --- p.54 ; Initiation --- p.54 ; Selection of MPA Universities --- p.60 ; Admission --- p.67 ; Curriculum --- p.69 ; Teaching and Study Modes --- p.79 ; Teachers and Students --- p.82 ; Connection with Cadre Management --- p.86 ; Chapter Chapter V --- A Case Study -- MPA in Renmin University of China --- p.92 ; Pedagogical Matters --- p.95 ; Partnership With Government and Other Organizations --- p.110 ; Profiles of Teachers and Students --- p.111 ; Summary: Features of MPA Education in China --- p.114 ; Chapter Chapter VI --- Concluding Discussion --- p.120 ; Converging Image of Administrator --- p.121 ; A Technocratization Perspective --- p.127 ; Implications on Convergence Problem --- p.133 ; Limitations and Demand for Further Research --- p.135 ; Bibliography --- p.138 ; Appendix I Geographic Locations of MPA Universities --- p.147 ; Appendix II Seniority List of MPA Universities (2003) --- p.150 ; Appendix III MPA Specializations --- p.152 ; Appendix IV Interview ...