Suchergebnisse

This research aimed to describe and analyze the process of structuring and implementing Law No. 8392/2009, of the Municipality of Maringá-PR, which includes Physical Education as a mandatory component in the Early Childhood Education curriculum. It is characterized as a descriptive case study and also a documentary study, through semi-structured interviews with the researcher responsible for the study and with the parliamentary author of the Law; questionnaires, applied to 27 Physical Education teachers working at the Municipal Child Education Centers; and consulting the legislation and internal documents of the Municipal Department of Education. From the information obtained, it was concluded that the analyzed process took place in a satisfactory way, consolidating the educational public policy in focus. ; Esta pesquisa objetivou descrever e analisar o processo de estruturação e implementação da Lei nº 8392/2009, do Município de Maringá-PR, que inclui a Educação Física como componente obrigatório no currículo da Educação Infantil. Caracteriza-se como um estudo de caso descritivo e documental, por meio de realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com o parlamentar responsável pelo projeto de lei e com a pesquisadora, cujo estudo subsidiou o referido projeto; aplicação de questionários a 27 professores de Educação Física atuantes nos Centros Municipais de Educação Infantil; e consulta à legislação e documentos internos da Secretaria Municipal de Educação. A partir das informações obtidas, concluiu-se que o processo analisado ocorreu de forma satisfatória, consolidando a política pública educacional em questão.

Jean Calas, formally charged with the crime of parricide, was tried and convicted without evidence. The absence of the materiality of the alleged criminal act was suppressed by the conviction of the magistrates, allied to the popular outcry of the masses occupying the streets, claiming for justice. From the analysis of this historical judgment, located in the French courts of the eighteenth century, the article intends to draw attention to the risks arising from the influence of public opinion on the course of criminal proceedings. Using bibliographic sources, it will be shown that intolerance was the guiding thread that guided the procedural rite, leading to the condemnation of an innocent man. In times of judicial activism we can learn from history, but it is not certain that we will.

State educational services suffered a plague of privatisation during the 1980s and 1990s, inspired by the neoliberal hegemony of the time. This article looks into what contribution education can make to the construction of an informed, and participative democracy. The teaching of science and technology needs to be based on principles of justice and equality, and, to ensure that all have equal opportunity to reach the highest levels, should be public, free and of high quality.

Introduction: vulnerability in child development can defined as the chance or opportunity to the child to suffer losses or delays in their development due to the influence of individual, social, and programmatic factors, which constitute adverse situations. Objective: to characterize the programmatic dimension of vulnerability in child development, according to the nurse at the Family Health Strategy Program. Methods: a qualitative exploratory study, conducted with nurses from units with the Family Health Strategy, in a city of the southern region of Brazil. Data collected by semi-structured interviews and analyzed according to the dialect hermeneutic and analytic matrix of the vulnerability of children in adverse situations for their development. Results: participants were 39 nurses, one from each health unit, who described budgetary, institutional, administrative and care factors that influence the process of health care and relate to the promotion of child development. Even acknowledging improvements in the current scenario of healthcare, they classified such factors as insufficient. Thus, the categories Fragilities in political-programmatic scenario and Gaps in the programmatic-assistance implementation, explain the vulnerability of the child health care in programmatic dimension, which characterizes a potentially injurious situation to the development. Conclusion: The nurses understand that the programmatic dimension of health care shows up as a significant cause of vulnerability in the development of the child.

The Brazilian administrative reform was included in the 1988 Constitution, and it has promoted decentralized policies, including the municipalization of health and popular participation. The objective of this article is to understand how the implementation of these democratic changes were studied in the international literature. The scientific production on Brazilian public health administration was analyzed by studying social networks. The search was conducted in the Web of Science database, using administration terms, delimited by "Brazil" and "health," and using BibExcel and Ucinet software. The network of publications in administration was cohesive, containing practices of deliberative democracy and social participation. By including the term "health," more variations were found, particularly on the Brazilian Health Reform and on the decentralization of the National Health System, with a more critical and reflexive focus, albeit with a clear gap on social accountability. ; La reforma administrativa en Brasil, iniciada con la Constitución de 1988, permitió la efectuación de políticas públicas descentralizadas, tales como la municipalización del área de salud previendo mayor abertura para la participación popular. Objetivando aprehender como la efectuación de esos cambios tuvo eco en la literatura internacional, el presente artículo analizó la producción científica a respecto de la administración pública de la salud en Brasil, adoptando el estudio de redes sociales. La investigación se realizó con base en la Web of Science, utilizando los términos relacionados a la administración, delimitada por "Brazil" y "health", y los programas BibExcel e Ucinet. La red de publicaciones de la administración se mostró coherente, conteniendo prácticas de democracia deliberativa y participación social. Al incluir el término "salud", hubo una mayor variación de temas, con destaque para la Reforma Sanitaria Brasileña y la descentralización del Sistema Único de Salud, con enfoque más crítico y reflexivo, e importante laguna relativa al control social. ; A reforma administrativa no Brasil, iniciada com a Constituição de 1988, permitiu a efetivação de políticas públi­cas descentralizadas, incluindo a municipalização do setor saúde e participação popular. Objetivando apreender como essas mudanças democráticas ecoaram na literatura internacional, o artigo analisou a produção científica da administração pública da saúde no Brasil, adotando o estudo de redes sociais. A pesquisa foi feita na base do Web of Science, utilizando termos relacionados com administração, delimitada por "Brazil" e "health", e softwares auxiliares BibExcel e Ucinet. A rede de publicações da administração se mostrou coesa, com práticas de democracia deliberativa e participação social. Ao incluir o termo "saúde", houve maior variação de temas, com destaque para a Reforma Sanitária e descentralização do Sistema Único de Saúde, de forma crítica e reflexiva, e notada ausência do controle social.

Criticism of common thought on politics is indispensable when pondering the interface established with academic knowledge, which is constructed on the grounds of the uncertainty of the sciences and of the dialectical interlocution between convergences and divergences in the formulation and/or reformulation of concepts, in addition to the construction of a possible field of studies on public policies and their applicability. In the context of health promotion, it is essential to disseminate the broad idea that this field cuts across the core human needs; therefore, promoting health nowadays presupposes understanding public policies and their constant conflicts and convergences in search of models that meet the intangible social demands. Because of this dual construction that originates from the common sense and the epistemic bulge, the study of public policy is not restricted to a single academic subject, which brings to the fore the importance of understanding the field as a constructor of academic knowledge in multiple subjects. This premise can be proven by the challenges in presenting theories, methods and tools exclusively designed to study the theme(1). This polarization has gained great importance due to the urgency of decision making by public managers and reverberates in current context of health education, particularly regarding its promotion. There has been an attempt to optimize "expertise" as one that is developed under the auspices of "best scientific evidence". In this logic, if scientific evidence is needed for teaching in general, one can use syllogism and think that the same holds true for the teaching of public policies aimed at promoting health. However, questions about the teaching of public policies emerge in overwhelming ways and require reflection on the concepts inherent to the field in order to decide what to teach, how to teach and when to teach. The teaching of health promotion demands a discussion about the contradictions of the contexts and the particularities of the different ...

This article seeks to identify the contributions that the new comparative-historical method has made to political science and public administration in Brazil. By showing how recent advances in this new historical-comparative method can generate analytical gains through a more precise establishment of causal conditions, and through the use of tests associated with process tracing, the article hopes to contribute to the strengthening of the qualitative-based research of these two disciplines in Brazil. To achieve this, the paper begins by dissecting the main elements of this method. It then reviews, and reorganizes, as it were, the classic work entitled Sessenta e quatro: anatomia da crise (Sixty-four: anatomy of the crisis) by Wanderley Guilherme dos Santos, in light of the method's main tenets. The paper also reviews and reorganizes a number of studies on Argentina's foreign policy in the same light and highlights the gains that can be generated by the disciplined application of the historical-comparative method. In the conclusion, the potential and the limitations of the method are identified, and some final considerations are made with regard to the importance that its application could have to Brazil's political science and public administration. ; En este manuscrito, buscamos contribuir al fortalecimiento metodológico de la ciencia política y de la administración pública de orientación cualitativa en Brasil, mostrando cómo los recientes avances del nuevo método histórico-comparativo pueden generar ganancias analíticas a través del establecimiento más preciso de las condiciones causales y el uso de los criterios de evaluación asociados a lo llamado process tracing. Para alcanzar este objetivo, el trabajo, en el primer lugar, analiza los principales elementos de este método. Luego leemos y, por así decirlo, reorganizamos Sessenta e quatro: anatomía da crise, libro clásico de Wanderley Guilherme dos Santos, a la luz de los preceptos de ese método. En seguida, también releemos y reorganizamos algunos estudios sobre la política exterior argentina bajo la misma luz. Destacamos las ganancias generadas por la aplicación disciplinada del método históricocomparativo. En la conclusión, identificamos el potencial y las limitaciones del método y ofrecemos consideraciones acerca de la importancia que su aplicación puede tener para la ciencia política y la de administración pública de Brasil. ; Neste manuscrito, procuramos identificar os aportes do novo método histórico-comparativo à ciência política e à administração pública. Tentamos contribuir com o fortalecimento das pesquisas de orientação qualitativa dessas duas disciplinas no Brasil, ao mostrar como os recentes avanços daquele método podem gerar ganhos analíticos por meio do estabelecimento mais preciso de condições causais e da utilização dos testes associados ao chamado process tracing. Para dar conta desse objetivo, o trabalho, em primeiro lugar, disseca os principais elementos do referido método. Depois, relemos e, por assim dizer, reorganizamos Sessenta e quatro: anatomia da crise, livro clássico de Wanderley Guilherme dos Santos, à luz dos preceitos do referido método. Em seguida, também relemos e reorganizamos alguns estudos sobre a política externa argentina sob a mesma luz. Destacamos os ganhos gerados pela aplicação disciplinada do método histórico-comparativo. Na conclusão, identificamos as potencialidades e limitações do método, oferecendo também considerações a respeito da importância que sua aplicação pode ter para a ciência política e a administração pública brasileiras.

Ilus. Tab. Bib. Sum. (En) ; Secondary forests developing on agricultural land after it is abandoned, or as the fallow period in systems of subsistence agriculture, are an increasingly important component of the forest resources of the tropics. They fix and store carbon and may contribute to the alleviation of global warming, they are refuges for biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, and they are low-cost sources of a tremendous variety of forest products. The final years of the 20th century represent an opportune time to bring together researchers concerned with biological, ecological, social/organizational, financial/economic and political aspects of secondary forests and their management, to share their experiences and opinions concerning secondary tropical forests and to contribute to the development of a forward-looking, cross-disciplinary research agenda. The conference had the following objectives: 1) to summarize the state of knowledge of tropical secondary forests from the standpoint of the ecological, social and political sciences. 2) to report the most recent results of research on secondary forests from all relevant disciplines.

The development of the Science Without Borders program, which allowed Brazilian university students to study abroad for a period of time, had some obstacles. One of them was the lack of proficiency in foreign languages among candidates. As a solution to correct it, the program Languages Without Borders (IsF, Portuguese initials) was created. This study aimed to build a theoretical and conceptual understanding of IsF as a public policy. This is a qualitative bibliographic-documentary research, whose sources were documents related to the IsF, information from government databases and others. The theoretical-conceptual framework included Secchi (2015), Rodrigues (2015), Goodin, Rein and Moran (2006), Majone (1989) and others. The results place IsF as a public policy (as a solution to a public problem) whose creation unfolded in a cycle (planning, implementation, evaluation and conclusion). As such, IsF underwent reformulation to be continued. Continuity is its critical point due to the necessary investments in quality of basic education, development of science and technology. ; universitarios brasileños estudiar temporalmente en el extranjero, tuvo algunos obstáculos como la falta de competencia de los candidatos en hablar idiomas extranjeros. Como solución, se creó el programa "Idiomas sem Fronteiras" (IsF). Este estudio buscó construir una comprensión teórica-conceptual del IsF como política pública. Es una investigación bibliográfica-documental cualitativa basada en documentos del IsF, informaciones gubernamentales y otras. Sus referencias conceptuales fueron Secchi (2015), Rodrigues (2015), Goodin, Rein y Moran (2006), Majone (1989) y otros. Los resultados muestran el IsF como política pública (solución a un problema público) cuya creación se desarrolló en un ciclo (de elaboración, implementación, evaluación y conclusión). El IsF continua activo después de reformulaciones; pero su continuación aun es crítica porque depende de inversiones en la calidad de la educación básica, en el desarrollo de la ciencia y en la tecnología. ; O desenvolvimento do programa Ciência sem Fronteiras, que permitiu a universitários brasileiros estudarem temporariamente no exterior, teve alguns entraves. Um deles foi a falta de proficiência em idiomas estrangeiros entre os candidatos. Como solução para supri-la, foi criado o programa Idiomas sem Fronteiras (IsF). Este estudo objetivou construir uma compreensão teórico-conceitual do IsF como política pública. Trata-se de pesquisa qualitativa bibliográfico-documental cujas fontes foram documentos relativos ao IsF, informações de bases de dados do governo e outras. O referencial teórico-conceitual incluiu Secchi (2015), Rodrigues (2015), Goodin, Rein e Moran (2006), Majone (1989) e outros. Os resultados situam o IsF como política pública (como solução de problema público) cuja criação se desdobrou em um ciclo (elaboração, implementação, avaliação e conclusão). Como tal, o IsF passou por reformulação para ser continuado. A continuidade é seu ponto crítico em razão dos investimentos necessários em qualidade da educação básica, desenvolvimento das ciências e tecnologia.