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Little is known about political polarization in German public opinion. This article offers an issue-based perspective and explores trends of opinion polarization in Germany. Public opinion polarization is conceptualized and measured as alignment of attitudes. Data from the German General Social Survey (1980 to 2010) comprise attitudes towards manifold issues, which are classified into several dimensions. This study estimates multilevel models that reveal general and issue- as well as dimension-specific levels and trends in attitude alignment for both the whole German population and sub-groups. It finds that public opinion polarization has decreased over the last three decades in Germany. In particular, highly educated and more politically interested people have become less polarized over time. However, polarization seems to have increased in attitudes regarding gender issues. These findings provide interesting contrasts to existing research on the American public.

Timor-Leste under the VIth Constitutional Government has made great progress in the collection and utilization of evidence in policy making. Initiatives such as the newly established Unit for Planning, Monitoring, and Evaluation within the Office of the Prime Minister and various other planning units in other ministries are indicative of an increased emphasis on the important role that data and empirical evidence play in governance. The Asia Foundation is proud to support the government through many research and analysis initiatives in various sectors including transport, justice, security, and tourism, as well as governance more broadly. Public opinion polls are one of the most common and effective ways to track national trends. These are used globally to assess the views of citizens regarding a range of issues pertaining to service delivery, interaction with their governments, issues and problems faced, as well as people's priorities. The Asia Foundation has substantial experience in conducting these types of surveys, and does so in nearly all our eighteen country offices throughout Asia.

This report briefly examines selected public opinion indicators in key European countries that currently contribute to the U.S.-led coalition in Iraq. Overall, polls over the past year show that Spain was no anomaly in terms of strong public opposition to military involvement in Iraq. Some European governments appeared to support U.S. policy in Iraq in defiance of, rather than as a result of, public sentiment at home.

Public opinion plays a crucial role in the policy making process in democratic nations. In regards to drug policy, often labelled a "morality policy", public opinion may be particularly important. This thesis aims to provide an evidence based understanding of public opinion towards drug policy (based on the results from opinion surveys), and to investigate a number of existing assumptions about the nature of public opinion. Studies 1 and 2 involved analyses of data from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey. The study demonstrated a decrease in support for cannabis law reform since the 1990s, accompanied by an increase in support for harm reduction interventions. This suggests that many in the community think differently about these issues. Older, married, and less educated respondents were among those who held more "conservative" opinions regarding drug policy. Study 3 compared the results from 15 different opinion surveys in drug policy, finding that small differences in survey methodology may contribute to divergent results, and therefore influence our conception of public opinion. Study 4 examined the relationship between cannabis expiation in Australia and public opinion. Previous studies have focused on the relationship between expiation and the prevalence of cannabis use, leaving a gap in knowledge of the potential effects of this policy. The current study found no relationship between expiation and increased approval of cannabis use, indicating that this policy has not "sent a message" about this behaviour. The study also found that those living in expiation jurisdictions were less likely to support cannabis law reform. Studies 5 and 6 examined the role of the news media in influencing public opinion, focusing on two treatments for heroin dependence; methadone and naltrexone. Utilising a sample of 838 newspaper articles, the study demonstrated a positive relationship between the volume of media reporting on naltrexone, and public support for this treatment. In summary, results from this thesis ...

Abstract de la ponencia ; [EN] The requirements of evidence-based policymaking promote interest to realtime monitoring of public's opinions on policy-relevant topics, and social media data mining allows diversification of information portfolio used by public administrators. This study discusses issues in public opinion mining with respect to extraction and analysis of information posted on Twitter about Sochi-2014 Olympic. It focuses on topics discussed on Twitter and sentiment analysis of tweets about the Games. Final database contained 613,333 tweets covering time span from November 1, 2013 until March 31, 2014. Using hash tags the data were classified into the following categories: Anticipation of the Games (9%), Cheering of the teams (31%), News (6%), Events (11%), Sports (18%), and Problems & Politics (15%). Research reveals considerable differences in the outcomes of machine sentiment classifiers: Deeply Moving, Pattern, and SentiStrength. SentiStrength produced the most suitable results in terms of minimization of incorrectly classified tweets. Methodological implications and directions for future research are discussed. ; Kirilenko, A.; Stepchenkova, S. (2016). Public opinion mining on Sochi-2014 Olympics. En CARMA 2016: 1st International Conference on Advanced Research Methods in Analytics. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 122-122. https://doi.org/10.4995/CARMA2016.2015.3102 ; OCS ; 122 ; 122

This essay addresses the relationship between communication, public opinion, and democracy, which is evident in Athenian democracy. It briefly considers the complexity of the concept of public opinion, and how it was understood as a political phenomenon accepted in general thinking and political action, as a consequence of the democratic dynamism originated by the printing press. After briefly considering some of the most relevant ideas about this relationship throughout the 19th century, this essay discusses the main attitudes that emerged in the face of public opinion after the First World War, from which the most relevant theories about the effects of media on opinion, behaviours, and action begun to be developed. The study takes into account the development of an empirical science of public opinion, linked to scientific opinion surveys. It summarises how the investigation of the effects of the media goes through a stage in which they are considered irrelevant, until some studies – especially the theories of agenda setting and the spiral of silence– recovered the idea of the powerful effects of the media. Finally, the essay addresses the new challenges posed by the disenchantment with democracy, the loss of credibility of the media, and the way of understanding communication, at a time in which digital technology has facilitated the creation of social media, causing a situation described as the post-truth era, in which the global need for information becomes more evident. The new challenges affect the political science, research on public opinion, and the science of communication, which requires a foundation of greater consistency than the current one.

Essays 2-4 have special title-pages with imprint date 1861. ; In five parts, continuously paged. ; 1. The improvement of society and public opinion -- 2. Progress of the new reformation in England and France -- 3. The political revolutions of 1860 & 1861 in Europe and America -- 4. Government reform in England and America -- 5. Personal reformation. ; Mode of access: Internet.

In the health policy literature, scholars and practitioners distinguish broadly between health care and public health interventions. Both types of policies are indispensable to deal with pressing health problems. Nevertheless, we know very little about how individuals support the principle logic behind these two approaches to health policy. In this paper, we analyze empirically whether individuals prefer either a health care-oriented or a public health-oriented approach to health policy. In addition, we explore political and socio-demographic factors explaining individuals' choices. To conduct this analysis, we use multivariate regression analysis based on data (N = 5 442) from the 2018 wave of the Swiss Household Panel Survey. The survey contains high-quality data from a representative sample of the population living in Switzerland. Our results demonstrate that a majority of citizens prefers public health policies rather than policies ensuring access to health care. Especially, individuals with higher out-of-pocket payments in their health insurance plan support a public health over health care policy approach. Furthermore, those who prefer environmental protection over economic growth support public health over health care policy.

In the health policy literature, scholars and practitioners distinguish broadly between health care and public health interventions. Both types of policies are indispensable to deal with pressing health problems. Nevertheless, we know very little about how individuals support the principle logic behind these two approaches to health policy. In this paper, we analyze empirically whether individuals prefer either a health care-oriented or a public health-oriented approach to health policy. In addition, we explore political and socio-demographic factors explaining individuals' choices. To conduct this analysis, we use multivariate regression analysis based on data ([Formula: see text]) from the 2018 wave of the Swiss Household Panel Survey. The survey contains high-quality data from a representative sample of the population living in Switzerland. Our results demonstrate that a majority of citizens prefers public health policies rather than policies ensuring access to health care. Especially, individuals with higher out-of-pocket payments in their health insurance plan support a public health over health care policy approach. Furthermore, those who prefer environmental protection over economic growth support public health over health care policy.

European integration has been accompanied by differentiation and debates on it are not new. Differentiated integration has received wide scholarly attention and there is a rich and diverse academic literature related to the concept. At the same time, there is the growing belief among European policymakers that more flexibility is needed within the complex EU machinery. To deal with the EU's unprecedented internal and external challenges, several European leaders have argued that differentiation could contribute to a stronger EU. With the exception of a few studies, the discussion has, however, paid little attention to public opinion. Drawing on the results of an opinion poll conducted between August and September 2020 in the 27 EU member states and four non-EU states, this policy paper addresses this gap in the current political debate. It examines the preferences on European integration among citizens in order to formulate options for differentiated integration as a policy choice. Against this background, the paper proposes a set of three policy recommendations for European policymakers: (i) foster knowledge of differentiated integration among European citizens, (ii) promote and reform the Schengen area and (iii) adopt a tailor-made approach to external differentiation.

Examines Mikhail Gorbachev's perspective of social justice that points to the unfairness of slothful workers' receiving the same pay as productive fellow workers. Focus on egalitarian version of social justice; Large number of people at bottom of social ladder; Justice in communist ideology; Aspects of the debate; Public opinion and social justice; Political justice or market justice?

Abstract Every new policy by Indonesian government in National Examination (NE) implementation always obtains different respond from public. Since the implementation, NE system already experienced many changes, but in recent years this system receives serious critiques. As a result, government then abolished this system as graduation determinant in 2014. This research analyzes public opinion, in the form of positive and negative sentiment toward NE policy, and factors that drive the opinions. Data in this research obtained from online news media from 2012 to 2015. The result shows that public sentiment fluctuating from year to year and depends on three important factors, i.e. political pressure, extreme events, and media coverage.

The article investigates the multidimensional features of the public opinion influence on forming and realization of the foreign-policy activity of the country. The interdisciplinary approach, that connected work from sociology, law, political science and international relations, was used. On the basis of historical method, it was succeeded to extrapolate the received practices of the ХXth century as for taking into account of public idea on modern international events, a system method defined the state as a subject of international relations, taking into account the separate role of its institutes, a comparative method allowed to distinguish the features of influence of citizens on state decisions in the different political modes, and behaviorism allowed to distinguish the terms of change of the citizens' behavior, society in relation to a foreign policy. The realized analysis of the scientific approaches of realism and liberalism defined the historical epochs of their forming and basic tendencies of taking into account or ignoringthe citizens' moods at the level of the public policy in relation to the short-term and strategic tasks of power in its international cooperation. The groups of countries were certain, where they are most represented. It has been found that, the delineation of manipulative constituent of forming the public opinion became the important conclusion of the research by means of mass-media, by specially democratic countries, in relation to the most essential events as intruding in the other country, coalition participating in international conflicts, intervention, membership in intergovernmental organizations and others like that. Thereafter, it was well proven that the public opinion is the important process of the legitimacy of the foreign-policy activity of the state both inside the state and in cooperating with international players.

[EN] Recently, social media has been considered the fastest medium for information broadcasting and sharing. Considering the wide range of applications such as viral marketing, political campaigns, social advertisement, and so on, influencing characteristics of users or tweets have attracted several researchers. It is observed from various studies that influential messages or users create a high impact on a social ecosystem. In this study, we assume that public opinion on a social issue on Twitter carries a certain degree of emotion, and there is an emotion flow underneath the Twitter network. In this article, we investigate social dynamics of emotion present in users' opinions and attempt to understand (i) changing characteristics of users' emotions toward a social issue over time, (ii) influence of public emotions on individuals' emotions, (iii) cause of changing opinion by social factors, and so on. We study users' emotion dynamics over a collection of 17.65M tweets with 69.36K users and observe 63% of the users are likely to change their emotional state against the topic into their subsequent tweets. Tweets were coming from the member community shows higher influencing capability than the other community sources. It is also observed that retweets influence users more than hashtags, mentions, and replies. ; The work described in this article was carried out in the OSiNT Lab (https://www.iitg.ac.in/cseweb/osint/), Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, India. The creation of the dataset used in this study was partly supported by the Ministry of Information and Electronic Technology, Government of India. ; Naskar, D.; Singh, SR.; Kumar, D.; Nandi, S.; Onaindia De La Rivaherrera, E. (2020). Emotion Dynamics of Public Opinions on Twitter. ACM Transactions on Information Systems. 38(2):1-24. https://doi.org/10.1145/3379340 ; S ; 1 ; 24 ; 38 ; 2 ; Ahmed, S., Jaidka, K., & Cho, J. (2016). Tweeting India's Nirbhaya protest: a study of emotional dynamics in an online social movement. Social Movement Studies, ...

The public administration and public services have always taken a marginal place in the political scientists' behavioural research. Public administration students on the other hand tend to focus on political and administrative elites and institutions, and largely ignored citizens in comparative research. In this article we make a plea for international comparative research on citizens' attitudes towards the public administration from an interdisciplinary perspective. Available international survey material is discussed, and main trends in empirical practice and theoretical approaches are outlined, especially those with a potential impact on public sector reform.