Over the last decade, the development of cognitive and behavioural sciences has determined the diffusion of the concept and methodology of behavioural insights into social sciences, including the governance sphere. Behavioural teams worldwide participate in developing and implementing the strategies at various levels of governance organisation. The aim of this study is to investigate the institutionalisation process of behavioural insights into public policy. The study has identified the agentive determinants of the institutionalisation efficiency that include: the competence level of public servants, their motivation level, resistance to change and the nature of feedback. It is argued that the approval level of using behavioural insights by civil servants is a prerequisite for their intrinsic motivation, which has a positive effect on the efficiency of institutionalisation of behavioural insights in public policy. The survey has revealed the most approved directions for using behavioural techniques in public policy in Ukraine.
Over the last decade, the development of cognitive and behavioural sciences has determined the diffusion of the concept and methodology of behavioural insights into social sciences, including the governance sphere. Behavioural teams worldwide participate in developing and implementing the strategies at various levels of governance organisation. The aim of this study is to investigate the institutionalisation process of behavioural insights into public policy. The study has identified the agentive determinants of the institutionalisation efficiency that include: the competence level of public servants, their motivation level, resistance to change and the nature of feedback. It is argued that the approval level of using behavioural insights by civil servants is a prerequisite for their intrinsic motivation, which has a positive effect on the efficiency of institutionalisation of behavioural insights in public policy. The survey has revealed the most approved directions for using behavioural techniques in public policy in Ukraine.
"Image impact to the public policy agenda" is a research about how images affect institutional agenda. The main problem of this paper is the different approaches of two theories to the change of institutional agenda. The second problem is about images itself – why not all photos becomes images and what is an image. The main goal of this paper is to find out what kind of an impact an image can have on institutional agenda. To solve this problem this research uses Punctuated Equilibrium Theory and adds things from other theories. This paper has three main hypotheses H1: political entrepreneurs will take leadership to show the policy problem and will offer solutions, H2: The change on an image and its popularity will lead to an institutional agenda change, H3: The image will mobilize the media and it will frame the problem trying to show its position. All these hypotheses are confirmed. In this paper image was described as an event or its photo, which show a specific policy problem. There are 4 main objectives in this paper: to find a theoretical basis of analysis, analyze images and find what feedback it had, find the factor that changed the agenda. In this paper, we examine two images "Mato tragedy" and "Saviečių tragedy". Both of these images point to the same policy problem – child protection policy and services. The research shows that the main factor that led to the change in institutional agenda was society mobilization behind the problem. The image itself sparked a big response from the society, media, and entrepreneurs. They all pushed the decision makers to do something. The main tactic it used was shaming. Entrepreneurs and society publicly shamed the decision makers that had different opinion about childcare. They mobilized on social media and changed the mind of some decision makers. Using this paper, other researchers can look deeper into how political images affect policy. This paper only provides a basic view of how thing change and who can influence the change in agenda. It could be useful to look not just into the agenda change but also into the policy itself. You can also take an additional look into the effect of social media to politicians. This research showed that all the politicians use social media and take the content on it seriously. This paper offers a new look into agenda and policy change. It proves that rapid changes in agenda are possible without the change of governing coalition. This paper also includes various theories into one analytical basis that helps finding the way agenda can change. One of the exceptional things about this paper is the integration of social media. Because it is a big part of decision maker informational diet. You can find out what kind of information can see decision maker and what kind can change their minds using control on information from social media.
"Image impact to the public policy agenda" is a research about how images affect institutional agenda. The main problem of this paper is the different approaches of two theories to the change of institutional agenda. The second problem is about images itself – why not all photos becomes images and what is an image. The main goal of this paper is to find out what kind of an impact an image can have on institutional agenda. To solve this problem this research uses Punctuated Equilibrium Theory and adds things from other theories. This paper has three main hypotheses H1: political entrepreneurs will take leadership to show the policy problem and will offer solutions, H2: The change on an image and its popularity will lead to an institutional agenda change, H3: The image will mobilize the media and it will frame the problem trying to show its position. All these hypotheses are confirmed. In this paper image was described as an event or its photo, which show a specific policy problem. There are 4 main objectives in this paper: to find a theoretical basis of analysis, analyze images and find what feedback it had, find the factor that changed the agenda. In this paper, we examine two images "Mato tragedy" and "Saviečių tragedy". Both of these images point to the same policy problem – child protection policy and services. The research shows that the main factor that led to the change in institutional agenda was society mobilization behind the problem. The image itself sparked a big response from the society, media, and entrepreneurs. They all pushed the decision makers to do something. The main tactic it used was shaming. Entrepreneurs and society publicly shamed the decision makers that had different opinion about childcare. They mobilized on social media and changed the mind of some decision makers. Using this paper, other researchers can look deeper into how political images affect policy. This paper only provides a basic view of how thing change and who can influence the change in agenda. It could be useful to look not just into the agenda change but also into the policy itself. You can also take an additional look into the effect of social media to politicians. This research showed that all the politicians use social media and take the content on it seriously. This paper offers a new look into agenda and policy change. It proves that rapid changes in agenda are possible without the change of governing coalition. This paper also includes various theories into one analytical basis that helps finding the way agenda can change. One of the exceptional things about this paper is the integration of social media. Because it is a big part of decision maker informational diet. You can find out what kind of information can see decision maker and what kind can change their minds using control on information from social media.
"Image impact to the public policy agenda" is a research about how images affect institutional agenda. The main problem of this paper is the different approaches of two theories to the change of institutional agenda. The second problem is about images itself – why not all photos becomes images and what is an image. The main goal of this paper is to find out what kind of an impact an image can have on institutional agenda. To solve this problem this research uses Punctuated Equilibrium Theory and adds things from other theories. This paper has three main hypotheses H1: political entrepreneurs will take leadership to show the policy problem and will offer solutions, H2: The change on an image and its popularity will lead to an institutional agenda change, H3: The image will mobilize the media and it will frame the problem trying to show its position. All these hypotheses are confirmed. In this paper image was described as an event or its photo, which show a specific policy problem. There are 4 main objectives in this paper: to find a theoretical basis of analysis, analyze images and find what feedback it had, find the factor that changed the agenda. In this paper, we examine two images "Mato tragedy" and "Saviečių tragedy". Both of these images point to the same policy problem – child protection policy and services. The research shows that the main factor that led to the change in institutional agenda was society mobilization behind the problem. The image itself sparked a big response from the society, media, and entrepreneurs. They all pushed the decision makers to do something. The main tactic it used was shaming. Entrepreneurs and society publicly shamed the decision makers that had different opinion about childcare. They mobilized on social media and changed the mind of some decision makers. Using this paper, other researchers can look deeper into how political images affect policy. This paper only provides a basic view of how thing change and who can influence the change in agenda. It could be useful to look not just into the agenda change but also into the policy itself. You can also take an additional look into the effect of social media to politicians. This research showed that all the politicians use social media and take the content on it seriously. This paper offers a new look into agenda and policy change. It proves that rapid changes in agenda are possible without the change of governing coalition. This paper also includes various theories into one analytical basis that helps finding the way agenda can change. One of the exceptional things about this paper is the integration of social media. Because it is a big part of decision maker informational diet. You can find out what kind of information can see decision maker and what kind can change their minds using control on information from social media.
"Image impact to the public policy agenda" is a research about how images affect institutional agenda. The main problem of this paper is the different approaches of two theories to the change of institutional agenda. The second problem is about images itself – why not all photos becomes images and what is an image. The main goal of this paper is to find out what kind of an impact an image can have on institutional agenda. To solve this problem this research uses Punctuated Equilibrium Theory and adds things from other theories. This paper has three main hypotheses H1: political entrepreneurs will take leadership to show the policy problem and will offer solutions, H2: The change on an image and its popularity will lead to an institutional agenda change, H3: The image will mobilize the media and it will frame the problem trying to show its position. All these hypotheses are confirmed. In this paper image was described as an event or its photo, which show a specific policy problem. There are 4 main objectives in this paper: to find a theoretical basis of analysis, analyze images and find what feedback it had, find the factor that changed the agenda. In this paper, we examine two images "Mato tragedy" and "Saviečių tragedy". Both of these images point to the same policy problem – child protection policy and services. The research shows that the main factor that led to the change in institutional agenda was society mobilization behind the problem. The image itself sparked a big response from the society, media, and entrepreneurs. They all pushed the decision makers to do something. The main tactic it used was shaming. Entrepreneurs and society publicly shamed the decision makers that had different opinion about childcare. They mobilized on social media and changed the mind of some decision makers. Using this paper, other researchers can look deeper into how political images affect policy. This paper only provides a basic view of how thing change and who can influence the change in agenda. It could be useful to look not just into the agenda change but also into the policy itself. You can also take an additional look into the effect of social media to politicians. This research showed that all the politicians use social media and take the content on it seriously. This paper offers a new look into agenda and policy change. It proves that rapid changes in agenda are possible without the change of governing coalition. This paper also includes various theories into one analytical basis that helps finding the way agenda can change. One of the exceptional things about this paper is the integration of social media. Because it is a big part of decision maker informational diet. You can find out what kind of information can see decision maker and what kind can change their minds using control on information from social media.
Public policy is a process about selecting strategies and making choices. Public policy making include some steps – getting of agenda, policy formulation, policy adoptions, policy implementation. It must be also evaluated to see the intended results, to revise existing and future public programs and projects. Public policy can be studied as producing three types of policies (distributive, regulatory and re-distributive) related with decision making process. Public administration is the set of processes, structures, functions, methods and procedures. Public administration is the formulation and particularly implementation of public policy and the examination of the strategies and choices associated with that process. Public administration also can be defined as public programs and projects, profession and as academic field of study. There is no clear separation between administration and politics in the development of government policy and public administration. Administrators engage in political acts by recommending legislation as much as by making policy decisions in carrying out the laws. The administrators understanding of managerial issues and policies places them in a position of substantial expertise, while their knowledge of administrative and legal procedures helps them by suggesting ways of managing and enforcing the laws. The most modern forms of governance, administrative innovations allow us to assume that legislative and implementing contents of institutional activity today acquires new specific features. Executive bureaucratic structures using expert-consultation services, get more and more possibilities to really influence not only the implementation of policy and the estimation of activities, but also to directly influence the preparation of public sector directions and strategy. ; Straipsnyje pateikiama šiuolaikinė viešosios politikos ir viešojo administravimo samprata ir aptariama viešosios politikos ir viešojo administravimo sąveika bei dabartinių socialinių pokyčių sąlygotos raidos tendencijos. Akcentuojama administravimo politinio konteksto, viešųjų projektų ir programų valdymo modernizavimo, demokratinių procesų plėtros svarba šiuolaikiniame viešajame administravime. Analizuojamos naujos valdymo ir administravimo sistemos bei modeliai, aptariami nauji iššūkiai vadybos ir administravimo filosofijai, viešosios politikos programų ir projektų rengėjams.
Legislative public policy in Lithuania is a specific area of state activity, where the reasons for the purpose of lawmaking and change are analyzed. Also decisions are made to improve the drafting of laws and the accompanying legislation, to increase the efficiency of legal regulation, and the legislative measures try to solve social problems. However, the formation of legislative provisions in the field of public policy and administration of its implementation in Lithuania is characterized not only by links, but also by large gaps between these phenomena, because of the linkup and confrontation between different interests. And this is perfectly understandable, because public policy is based on a utility and law is a paradigm of justice. That is why politicians use the legislative powers in the context of today's reality, having a multiplicity of interests, not only duplicates by his behaviour, but sometimes also focuses on a larger scale of social roles. A politician, who at the same time is a legislative subject, focuses not only on the electorate, but also on the political interests of the political party, and the protected economic interests of business representatives. Finally, he has some personal interests in his presence in power. As the dysfunctional legislative practice shows, there are also cases where the main goal of the politician is not justice, but the desire to gain as much populist popularity as possible, in the hope that all the ways are good: disregard for laws, nihilistic thinking that eliminates the sense of reality and delete the boundaries of differences between illusion and reality.
Legislative public policy in Lithuania is a specific area of state activity, where the reasons for the purpose of lawmaking and change are analyzed. Also decisions are made to improve the drafting of laws and the accompanying legislation, to increase the efficiency of legal regulation, and the legislative measures try to solve social problems. However, the formation of legislative provisions in the field of public policy and administration of its implementation in Lithuania is characterized not only by links, but also by large gaps between these phenomena, because of the linkup and confrontation between different interests. And this is perfectly understandable, because public policy is based on a utility and law is a paradigm of justice. That is why politicians use the legislative powers in the context of today's reality, having a multiplicity of interests, not only duplicates by his behaviour, but sometimes also focuses on a larger scale of social roles. A politician, who at the same time is a legislative subject, focuses not only on the electorate, but also on the political interests of the political party, and the protected economic interests of business representatives. Finally, he has some personal interests in his presence in power. As the dysfunctional legislative practice shows, there are also cases where the main goal of the politician is not justice, but the desire to gain as much populist popularity as possible, in the hope that all the ways are good: disregard for laws, nihilistic thinking that eliminates the sense of reality and delete the boundaries of differences between illusion and reality.
The article analyzes the management of the influence of organized interests on public policy. The article reveals the concept of organized interests, the essential differences in comparing the concepts of organized interests and interest groups. The article takes the view that organized interests are a more neutral concept that better explains the nature of all actors seeking to influence public policy-making. The author of the article is of the opinion that the concept of interest groups – due to the disagreement of scientists in defining it – causes a lot of confusion when comparing the results of different researches and using the theoretical insights of other scientists. Organized interests interact with other public policy makers to influence policy outcomes. This article analyzes the ways in which organized interests can influence public policy. According to the author of the article, by identifying the ways of influencing public policy, it is possible to envisage ways to manage that influence. The article applies methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparative analysis of scientific literature.
The article analyzes the management of the influence of organized interests on public policy. The article reveals the concept of organized interests, the essential differences in comparing the concepts of organized interests and interest groups. The article takes the view that organized interests are a more neutral concept that better explains the nature of all actors seeking to influence public policy-making. The author of the article is of the opinion that the concept of interest groups – due to the disagreement of scientists in defining it – causes a lot of confusion when comparing the results of different researches and using the theoretical insights of other scientists. Organized interests interact with other public policy makers to influence policy outcomes. This article analyzes the ways in which organized interests can influence public policy. According to the author of the article, by identifying the ways of influencing public policy, it is possible to envisage ways to manage that influence. The article applies methods of analysis, synthesis, generalization and comparative analysis of scientific literature.
This paper describes a wide range of definitions of the policy agenda, which enables one to have a wider view over the concept of the policy agenda and its contexts. On the one hand, policy agenda-setting is a process that is rather open for participation; on the other hand, it is a complex mechanism of influence. A lot of participants take part in the policy agenda design: mass media, politicians, interest groups, etc. From the classical point of view, formation of the policy agenda is basically influenced by three forces: political parties, interest groups and institutions. The article pays a significant attention to the government as an institution that has to maintain sustainability of the public policy and react to spontaneously discussed issues, and an institution, which maintains resources in a competition with other political actors. Many policy agenda formation models have been criticized for their narrowness; thus, in the perspective of time, models of a single variable have provoked the development of a multi-variable model, which has a more systematic approach, yet was criticized for a synthetic construct. ; Straipsnyje analizuojama viena svarbiausių viešosios politikos proceso dalių – viešosios politikos darbotvarkė. Atskiroms viešosios politikos proceso dalims akademinio dėmesio Lietuvoje nebuvo skiriama, nors viešosios politikos darbotvarkės sudarymas yra vienas stipriausių valdžios ir valdymo instrumentų. Straipsnyje pateikiama viešosios politikos darbotvarkės samprata, aptariami jos formavimo elementai ir modeliai. Plačiau aptariamas Vyriausybės darbotvarkės sudarymas. Šio straipsnio tikslas – suteikti platesnį viešosios politikos darbotvarkės ir jos sudarymo suvokimą bei paskatinti domėjimąsi šia problema Lietuvoje, kaip vienu svarbiausių viešosios politikos procesų etapu. Raktažodžiai: viešosios politikos darbotvarkė; viešosios politikos.
This article aims to analyse the process of formation of sports public policy in Lithuania within the theoretical context of hierarchy governance. This study consisted of collection and analysis of official documents regarding sports public policy formation from 2011 until 2018. The data collection was aimed at uncovering of key components of the process of public policy formation – environmental analysis, strategic planning, competence and decision-making power, and stakeholders. The main findings of the research concluded that Lithuanian sports governance, along with the majority of other European countries, is defined as bureaucratic configuration. The main responsibility within the process of sports public policy formation falls on the Ministry of Education, Science and Sports and active national non-government sports organisations, while principal objectives of the Lithuanian sports public policy formation are laid out in strategic documents. However, the implementation needs to be centred on institutional and personal responsibility, proper environmental regard and tolerance, and the ability to listen and to reach an agreement.
This article aims to analyse the process of formation of sports public policy in Lithuania within the theoretical context of hierarchy governance. This study consisted of collection and analysis of official documents regarding sports public policy formation from 2011 until 2018. The data collection was aimed at uncovering of key components of the process of public policy formation – environmental analysis, strategic planning, competence and decision-making power, and stakeholders. The main findings of the research concluded that Lithuanian sports governance, along with the majority of other European countries, is defined as bureaucratic configuration. The main responsibility within the process of sports public policy formation falls on the Ministry of Education, Science and Sports and active national non-government sports organisations, while principal objectives of the Lithuanian sports public policy formation are laid out in strategic documents. However, the implementation needs to be centred on institutional and personal responsibility, proper environmental regard and tolerance, and the ability to listen and to reach an agreement.
The Activity Report of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Lithuania for 2017 declares that Lithuania's foreign policy is effective and claims that public opinion is the most important criteria for measuring its effectiveness. The article analyses Lithuania's foreign public policy cycle, with the focus on its formation and evaluation peculiarities. It argues that the cycle of Lithuanian foreign public policy is stagnating since its evaluation stage lacks efficiency and misses critical evaluations. The lack of strategic documents does not allow defining core foreign policy goals and in this matter to evaluate their achievement. The ambiguous goals in lower level documents prevent critical evaluation because of political interests. Lithuanian foreign policy is the outcome of close cooperation between President's Office and Ministry of Foreign Affairs which limits criticism between institutions. The Seimas provides greater criticism only when initiative is showed by the opposition. Foreign policy remains the sphere of responsibility of the political elite which has broad consensus and has differences in their views on a tactical level. Media and experts, for the most part, avoid critical evaluations of foreign policy as they want to remain in the dominating discourse and keep close contacts with state institutions. The current evaluation environment and tools are not sufficient to make changes at the agenda-setting stage of foreign policy.
