Suchergebnisse

Lee Tsz Lok. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2005. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 120-123). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; ABSTRACT --- p.i ; ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.iii ; CONTENTS --- p.v ; Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- Introduction: Domestic Work from Premodern to Modern --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Research Objective ; Chapter 1.2 --- Research B ackground ; Chapter 1.2.1 --- History of Chinese Domestic Servants ; Chapter 1.2.2 --- Demand for Foreign Domestic Workers ; Chapter 1.2.3 --- Legislation Governing Employment of Foreign Domestic Workers ; Chapter 1.2 --- Research Questions ; Chapter 1.3 --- Research Significances ; Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- Literature Review: Private-Public Interpenetration, Power Relations and Social Negotiations in Domestic Employment --- p.13 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Hegemonies and Homes ; Chapter 2.2 --- Private-Public Distinction ; Chapter 2.3 --- Power Dynamics ; Chapter 2.4 --- Between the Personalized and the Bureaucratized ; Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- Conceptual Framework: The Personalized/ Bureaucratized Typology and Interactive Dynamics in Domestic Employment --- p.25 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Assumptions of the Present Study ; Chapter 3.2 --- Typology of Worker-Employer Relations ; Chapter 3.3 --- The Personalized Type of Relations ; Chapter 3.4 --- The Bureaucratized Type of Relations ; Chapter 3.5 --- Micropolitics in Domestic Work ; Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- Research Methods and Data --- p.39 ; Chapter 4.1 --- Methods and Data Collection ; Chapter 4.2 --- Characteristics of Informants ; Chapter 4.2.1 --- Characteristics of Employers ; Chapter 4.2.2 --- Characteristics of Workers ; Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- The Personalized Type of Relations --- p.45 ; Chapter 5.1 --- Affective-Based Particularism ; Chapter 5.1.1 --- Working Philosophy ; Chapter 5.1.2 --- Workers' Presence in Public Spaces ; Chapter 5.1.3 --- Confrontations ; Chapter 5.2 --- Diffuse Work Obligations ; Chapter 5.3 --- Personal Attachment ; Chapter 5.3.1 --- Materialistic Relationship ; Chapter 5.3.2 --- ...

Duan, Haiyan. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-83). ; Abstracts also in Chinese. ; LIST OF FIGURES --- p.vi ; LIST OF TABLES --- p.vii ; Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Research Question --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Approach and Methods --- p.4 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Structure of the Thesis --- p.7 ; Chapter Chapter 2 --- Literature Review --- p.8 ; Chapter 2.1 --- Provision of Public Goods as a Governmental Function --- p.8 ; Chapter 2.2 --- The Design and Practice of Fiscal Transfer --- p.11 ; Chapter Chapter 3 --- China´ةs Fiscal Institution --- p.20 ; Chapter 3.1 --- "The Drop of "Two Ratios"", and 1994 Fiscal Reform" --- p.20 ; Chapter 3.2 --- Post-1994 System and the Intergovernmental Fiscal Relation --- p.23 ; Chapter 3.3 --- The Finance of Public Goods Provision --- p.37 ; Chapter 3.4 --- Fiscal Institution below Province --- p.45 ; Chapter Chapter 4 --- The Impact of Fiscal Transfer on Public Goods Provision: Cross-county Analysis of Shanxi --- p.52 ; Chapter 4.1 --- The Equalization Effect of Fiscal Transfer --- p.54 ; Chapter 4.2 --- The Impact of Fiscal Transfer on County Governments´ة Preference of Expenditure --- p.58 ; Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion --- p.75 ; REFRENCES --- p.79

Chan Chun Chiu. ; Thesis (M.Div.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-65). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Title Page --- p.i ; English Abstracts --- p.ii ; Chinese Abstracts --- p.iv ; Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1 --- Statement of Thesis and its Motivation --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Theological Competence and Critical Theory --- p.6 ; Chapter 1.3 --- Critical Theology as Revisionary Method of Correlation --- p.12 ; Chapter 2. --- The Critical Political Theology of Peukert --- p.20 ; Chapter 2.1 --- A Theory of Science: Communicability and Intersubjectivity --- p.24 ; Chapter 2.2 --- A Theory of Action --- p.33 ; Chapter 2.3 --- A Hermeneutical Criterion and Ethical Response: Anamnestic Solidarity --- p.40 ; Chapter 2.4. --- Peukert´ةs View on the Gospels and its Relation to His Critical Political Theology --- p.48 ; Chapter 3. --- An Evaluation of the Critical Theology --- p.54 ; Chapter 3.1 --- Conclusions --- p.61 ; Bibliography --- p.63

Over the summer of 2015, the Youth Collaborative for Chinatown worked to activate public spaces in Vancouver's Chinatown in an intergenerational, intercultural manner through a series of events: the "Hot and Noisy" (熱鬧) Chinatown Mahjong Socials. On the surface, our goal was simple: to bring back Chinatown's 熱鬧, or "yeet low" in Cantonese, – literally, "hot and noisy", or liveliness and energy. Below the surface, we had more complex goals of being able to bring a youth voice to planning processes about the future of Chinatown, and building up political and social capacity of young generations of Chinese Canadians. We decided that our approach to activating public space had several criteria. It needed to be visible. It needed to be collaborative. It needed to demonstrate a cohesive, coordinated effort undertaken by younger generations, with the ability to involve many others. It needed to be intercultural and multilingual. It needed to foster relationships between young and old. It needed to be feasible to implement within a very short time frame. It needed to involve no to low hard costs. And it needed to be possible with the resources and skills we could readily bring to the table, amongst our team of organizers. By temporarily activating a public space, there is an opportunity to both share and transform the stories that we tell ourselves and each other in relation to it, and to create spaces of belonging. Based on participant observation/action as a member of the Youth Collaborative for Chinatown, I describe the "Hot and Noisy" (熱鬧) Chinatown Mahjong Socials as a case study of a youth-driven, grassroots process in public space activation. I discuss lessons learned and the implications for planning, urban design and community organizing. ; Applied Science, Faculty of ; Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of ; Unreviewed ; Graduate

決定美國外交政策的因素是多樣的,有國內因素與國外因素。概括而言,影響其外交決策的國內政治力量有總統、國務院及國務卿,國防部、國會,利益集團同媒體等等,而上述各個權力體都會受到公眾輿論的限制。可以說,公眾輿論是美國這個民主政體的外交行為不可忽視的影響力量。早至上世紀中葉,以沃爾特李普曼為代表的一批國際關係專家曾掀起研究公眾輿論的熱潮,李普曼、阿爾蒙德等持現實主義理論的學者認為公眾輿論不具有穩定性和理性,其情緒化,變幻莫測還容易收到外界影響,不應影響一國的外交決策。爭鋒相對的,自由主義理論的支持者則堅持公眾有權利參與外交決策,也有能力從國家利益出發理性地參與外交問題。 ; 自由主義和現實主義理論關於公眾輿論的認識是從不同角度出發去理解公眾輿論在外交決策領域的作用,因此二者難分上下,也不分對錯,一再糾纏與兩種理論的爭鋒不利於我們瞭解美國公眾輿論和外交決策的真實關係。本研究即是從此出發點考慮,跳出理論之爭,而將研究的重點集中於分析公眾輿論是如何在具體的情境中與政府互動的。筆者將通過對1940年代這一政策調整頻繁時期《紐約時報》對華新聞報導的分析,來考察在宋美齡訪美、重慶談判、承認中華人民共和國等歷史事件中美國民眾、媒體態度的變化以及政府在其中的角色如何。本研究的創新之處則在於從小處,即《紐約時報》的新聞報導著手看公眾輿論與美國外交決策這一宏觀互動關係的具體形式,希望有助於美國政治文化的研究。 ; Over the past six decades since the founding of the People's Republic of China, our understanding of the Sino-U.S. relations has undergone considerable revisions. From the beginning of the Cold War to President Nixon's visit to China, U.S. and China had been from enemies to friends, rivals to partners, later with the rise of China as one important power of world politics as well as economy, the balance between relations of U.S. and China flows with the distinguished definition of national interests. Therefore, the images of China in American eyes were never belonged to any stable type, public opinion in the U.S. has developed many different perspectives on China. ; Public Opinion plays an interesting role in shaping U.S. foreign policy, and the academic community and political observers have repeatedly debated on elaborations of its influence. To examine whether public opinion has participated in the policy making process of U.S. diplomacy is one good way to investigate if the development and expansion of government institutions would undermine the operation of liberal democracy and infringe on personal liberties. ; In order to answer the question in how Public Opinion influences the Government in foreign policy making and how the government, the media and Public interacted, I will conduct empirical studies and News analysis to interpret the New York Times News reports concerning U.S. Foreign Policy towards China in the ...

对于转型期中国地方政府行为的研究,现有文献日益重视正式制度对官员行为的激励和约束作用:以GDP为标尺的相对绩效考核制度是改革开放后中国经济成功的决定因素,同时该正式制度也是地方政府忽视公共物品供给的重要原因。即使在考虑了正式制度及社会经济因素之后,本研究仍然观察到地方政府在公共物品供给水平上存在着显著的地区和时间差异。然而,对于此差异背后的决定因素,现有文献却考察不足。本文认为,非正式制度是造成该差异的原因。通过采用地区领导人籍贯作为非正式制度的代理并利用1990年至2010年的中国地级市数据,本研究系统检验了上述假设。本文发现,和来自外地的地方领导人相比,那些在其籍贯地任职的官员有更大的动力为本地区提供公共服务:本地籍贯的领导在基础教育、公共医疗和环境保护上的财政投入比重显著高于外地籍贯的领导。本研究同时发现,公共服务支出份额的增加是以基础设施建设支出的减少为代价的:本地籍贯官员对该项支出的投入比重显著低于外地籍贯官员。同时,利用省级数据及相同的模型设定,本文也发现非正式制度在省级行政单位依然发挥作用,但作用程度减弱。上述发现彰显出在一个正式制度主导的环境中,非正式制度依然发挥着显著的作用,并在一定程度上弥补了前者的不足。在实证发现的基础上,本研究又通过案例分析和访谈进一步考察了非正式制度发挥作用的机制。通过分析两个地级市的本地籍贯领导大力发展民生项目的行为以及普通民众对本地官员和外地官员的看法,本文详细说明了非正式制度对官员行为产生影响的机制,从而为实证分析揭示出的因果机制提供了证据。本研究认为,造成上述差异的原因在于:相比于外地官员,本地官员更多地被嵌入到当地的人际网络中,出于对本人及本家族在家乡声望的重视,他们会对民生项目有更多的投入。本文对非正式制度及两种制度互动的考察凸显出非民主国家内部官员行为丰富的制度动态。 ; Literature on local government behavior in transitional China has primarily examined the impact of formal institutions on the motivations of officials in promoting local economic growth. In particular, investigations focused on how the existing personnel management system provides a "yardstick competition among local officials and therefore guarantees the success of economic reform. Meanwhile, such formal institutions have similarly been studied for the crucial reason that local government ignores the provision of public goods. Nevertheless, even after controlling the influence of formal institutions and socio-economic factors, variations could still be observed on the level of efforts among local governments regarding the provision of public goods. However, these variations cannot be sufficiently explained by existing literature. This research, based on prefectural data in China in 1990-2010, aims to fill this gap through a systematic examination of the effects of informal institutions on local government behavior, especially the casual relationship between the hometown of officials and the provision of local public goods. This research, based on prefectural data in China in 19902010, aims to fill this gap by systematically examining the effects of ...

本文考察了中央地方財政自主性的變化,地方政府日益增長的對土地相關收入的依賴以及中國社會總體穩定程度,三者之間的因果關係。使用24個省、市、自治區,跨1998年至2006年的面板數據的回歸模型結果顯示地方政府從土地和房地產相關產業發展上獲得的收入顯著的惡化了以來信來訪數量衡量的社會穩定程度。而地方財政自主性的增強則可以抑制地方政府謀取壟斷地租所導致的信訪數量的增加。 ; 本文認為,信訪量的持續攀升與拆遷征地糾紛不斷的直接肇因是1994年開始實行的一系列稅收改革所改變的中央地方政府之間的稅收分配以及稅收結構。地方政府近乎掠奪性的征地拆遷以囤積土地獲得壟斷性租金收入的做法都與該變化有關。但同時,上述現象也受到了以信訪為代表的黨政糾紛解決渠道與以訴訟為代表的司法糾紛解決途徑在威權政體等級制度中的局限性的影響。在等級制度中,中央和地方政府因自身利益不同而存在博弈關係,在各級政府之間還存在權力與相應社會責任分配上反向的 "差序格局"。層級越高的政府,掌握越多的政治權力以及相應的可供其用來"尋租"的政治與經濟資源,卻承擔越少的社會責任和風險。 ; My dissertation investigates the causal mechanisms among three factors, the relative change of the central-local fiscal autonomy after 1994 fiscal reform, the increasing of local land derived-revenue in recent years, and the variations in the general level of social stability. Using a panel data set covering 24 provincial level administrative units in China during 1998-2006, the study suggests that the income local governments earned from land and real estate developments substantially and significantly threaten social stability. It also reveals that more fiscal autonomy of local governments does help restrain rising level of instablity caused by local governments' incentive to capture monopoly rent from land. ; The findings are consistent with the argument that the fiscal rearrangement and restructuring provide incentives to local governments to practice fierce land requisition and house demolition in order to get monopoly rents through land hoarding. Yet the general level of social stability is also affected by the restrictions of disputes resolution channels lie within authoritarian hierarchical structure. The study highlights how two of the most important disputes resolution channels in China, i.e. petition and litigation, reflects the different incentive structure of central and local governments. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; Detailed summary in vernacular field only. ; 韓佳. ; Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 196-201) ; Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : ...

本研究發現一個地區的經濟發展水平與當地居民對中央政府的信任程度負相關。 ; 本研究包括定量和定性兩個部份。定量部份,普通最小二乘線性回歸(OLS)分析和雙層回歸分析的結果顯示:區域經濟發展水平與人們對中央政府的信任存在顯著的負相關關係。控制了個人因素變量,上述相關關係仍然顯著。定性分析部份討論了傳統文化與信息流通在發達地區和欠發達地區如何影響政府信任。這部份分析發現文化因素和信息因素是導致某一地區的民眾比另一地區民眾更不相信中央政府的重要因素,但必須與經濟發展因素相結合才能發揮顯著作用。文化與信息受當地的經濟發展水平影響:一個地區的經濟發展水平越高,傳統文化的影響力越弱,信息化程度越高;反之,經濟發展水平越低,傳統文化的影響力越強,信息化程度越低。定量分析與定性分析都支持研究假設。 ; 把上述靜態觀察納入動態視角,從長遠看,區域經濟發展將削弱公眾對中央政府的信任。具體來說,假定目前的局勢延續,隨著中國越來越多的地區經濟得到發展,當地民眾對中央政府的信任會相應降低。據此推測,中國人的政府信任可能會經歷一個由"中央高、地方低再變為"中央低、地方更低的過程。 ; This research shows that the level of economic development in a region has a negative correlation with local residents' trust in the central government. ; This study draws on both quantitative and qualitative analyses. In the quantitative section, both OLS regression and hierarchical linear modeling show that the level of regional economic development has a significant negative correlation with public trust in the central government, controlling for individual factors. Qualitative analysis suggests that traditional culture and the flow of political information affect people's trust in government when they interact with economic development. In places where economy is underdeveloped, traditional culture has a larger impact and the flow of political information is less free. By contrast, in places where economy is more developed, traditional culture has a weaker effect and the flow of political information is freer. ; Putting the finding of the cross-sectional analysis into a dynamic perspective, it is suggested that the development of local economy may in the long run weaken local residents' trust in the central government. More specifically, assuming that the present situation continues, as more and more regions experience economic growth, local residents may develop weaker confidence in the central government. The pattern of trust in government may then evolve from the current "high trust in the central government and lower trust in local government into "low trust in the central government and even lower trust in local government. ...

Lam Pui Shan, Denise. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 168-177). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Abstract --- p.iii ; Acknowledgements --- p.vii ; Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.1. --- Individual Level --- p.5 ; Chapter 1.2. --- Organizational Level --- p.5 ; Chapter 1.3. --- Contextual Level --- p.6 ; Chapter 2. --- Literature Review --- p.9 ; Chapter 2.1. --- Coercive Isomorphism --- p.12 ; Chapter 2.2. --- Mimetic Isomorphism --- p.14 ; Chapter 2.3. --- Normative Isomorphism --- p.15 ; Chapter 3. --- Methodology --- p.26 ; Chapter 3.1. --- Methods of Data Collection --- p.27 ; Chapter 3.2. --- Methods Related to Different Levels of Analysis --- p.34 ; Chapter 4. --- Textual Analysis 一 Overall Review --- p.40 ; Chapter 4.1. --- ""Sex Education""" --- p.40 ; Chapter 4.2. --- """Hyper World""" --- p.66 ; Chapter 4.3. --- "Mother's Drawer is at the Bottommost,, --- p.68 ; Chapter 5. --- Individual Level --- p.70 ; Chapter 5.1. --- Personal Backgrounds --- p.70 ; Chapter 5.2. --- Degree of Freedom Experienced --- p.73 ; Chapter 5.3. --- Mechanisms of Isomorphic Forces within the Individual Level --- p.83 ; Chapter 5.4. --- Control and Autonomy Sourced from the Individual Level --- p.86 ; Chapter 6. --- Organizational Level --- p.88 ; Chapter 6.1. --- Organizational Structure --- p.88 ; Chapter 6.2. --- Organizational Missions and Goals --- p.91 ; Chapter 6.3. --- Code of Rules of RTHK --- p.92 ; Chapter 6.4. --- Organizational Culture --- p.95 ; Chapter 6.5. --- Mechanisms of Isomorphic Forces within the Organizational Level --- p.105 ; Chapter 6.6. --- "Comparisons with "Hyper World"" and "Mother's Drawer is at the Bottommost""" --- p.109 ; Chapter 6.7. --- Control and Autonomy Sourced from the Organizational Level --- p.123 ; Chapter 7. --- Contextual Level --- p.126 ; Chapter 7.1. --- Governmental Regulations --- p.126 ; Chapter 7.2. --- Suppliers of Information and Advices --- p.129 ; Chapter 7.3. --- Power Relations ...

Lau, Ying Chui Janice. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 219-235). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese; includes Chinese characters. ; Abstract ; Acknowledgement ; Chapter 1 ; Introduction --- p.1 ; Background --- p.4 ; Defining Female New Immigrants --- p.7 ; Literature Review --- p.10 ; Methodology --- p.22 ; List of Informants --- p.25 ; Thesis Structure --- p.27 ; Chapter 2 ; History of Female Mainland Migrants in Hong Kong --- p.30 ; Invisible Female Migrants --- p.31 ; Immigration Policy as Identity Marker --- p.35 ; Gender Implications in the Immigration Policy --- p.37 ; Shifts in Social Policy and Social Capital --- p.41 ; Hong Kong Identity: a Gender Perspective --- p.45 ; "Class, Popular Culture and Identity Politics" --- p.50 ; Conclusion --- p.53 ; Chapter 3 ; Hongkongness in the Classroom --- p.56 ; Learning Hong Kong English --- p.60 ; Learning "accentless´ح Cantonese --- p.70 ; Learning Proper Behavior --- p.78 ; Learning the Hong Kong Spirit --- p.87 ; Conclusion --- p.94 ; Chapter 4 ; Reconstructing Womanhood --- p.96 ; Dressing up in Hongkong-Style --- p.100 ; Reconstructing a Hongkong-Style Beautiful Face --- p.104 ; Learning to be a Wife of Hong Kong Man --- p.109 ; Learning to be a Hong Kong Mother --- p.116 ; Marital Relationship and Adaptation --- p.119 ; Conclusion --- p.137 ; Chapter 5 ; Empowerment and Disempowerment --- p.140 ; Empowerment --- p.141 ; Structural Resources --- p.143 ; Gain and Loss of Capital --- p.147 ; Defining Capital: Social Workers and Class Teachers --- p.152 ; Redefining Capital: Mainland Women Migrants´ة Agency --- p.157 ; Evaluation of Achievement --- p.163 ; Breaking Down of Cultural Boundaries --- p.163 ; Discarding Stereotypes --- p.166 ; Constructing New Relations --- p.169 ; Disempowerment --- p.175 ; Conclusion --- p.186 ; Chapter 6 ; Conclusion --- p.189 ; A Uniquely Hong Kong Process --- p.189 ; Keeping an Imagined Boundary --- p.195 ; Imitating Hongkong-Style Womanhood --- p.199 ...

Wong Lai Fong Yvonne. ; Thesis submitted in: July 2005. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. ; Includes bibliographical references. ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; ABSTRACT --- p.ii ; ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv ; TABLE OF CONTENT --- p.v ; Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION ; Chapter 1.1 --- Motivation --- p.1 ; Chapter 1.2 --- Common explanations of economic success --- p.2 ; Chapter i) --- Explanation from Neoclassical Economic Perspectives --- p.3 ; Chapter ii) --- Explanation from the Statist Perspective --- p.5 ; Chapter iii) --- Limitations of Neoclassical and Statist Perspectives --- p.7 ; Chapter iv) --- Importance of the interorganizational relationships perspective --- p.10 ; Chapter 1.3 --- The Research --- p.11 ; Chapter i) --- The choice of studying the software industry --- p.11 ; Chapter ii) --- Research questions and significance --- p.12 ; Chapter 1.4 --- Thesis Layout --- p.13 ; Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW: THE STUDY OF INTERORGANIZATIONAL RELATIONSHIPS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE TO THE IT INDUSTRY ; Chapter 2.1 --- Importance of Social Networks --- p.15 ; Chapter 2.2 --- Theories in the Network Approach I - Social Embeddedness: The Fundamental Building Block of the Network Approach --- p.17 ; Chapter 2.3 --- Theories in the Network Approach II - The Social Network Approach --- p.20 ; Chapter 2.4 --- Theories in Network Approach III - Factors affecting the formation of networks --- p.22 ; Chapter i) --- Prior ties or pre-existing network --- p.22 ; Chapter ii) --- Expectations from social networks --- p.23 ; Chapter iii) --- Incentive schemes by government - industry promotion schemes nurturing public-private or private-private partnership --- p.26 ; Chapter iv) --- IT clusters --- p.29 ; Chapter 2.5 --- Theories in Network Approach IV ´ؤ Interorganizational Alliances and Social Capital --- p.31 ; Chapter i) --- Interorganizational alliances and organizational outcomes --- p.31 ; Chapter ii) --- Enhanced performance through social capital --- p.33 ; Chapter 2.6 ...

by Chan Wai Yin. ; Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. ; Includes bibliographical references (leaves 165-171). ; Abstracts in English and Chinese. ; Acknowledgements --- p.i ; Abstract --- p.iii ; List of tables --- p.viii ; List of abbreviations --- p.ix ; Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 ; The Research Case --- p.2 ; The Puzzle --- p.4 ; Methodology --- p.6 ; Outline of the Thesis --- p.8 ; Chapter 2 --- Intergenerational Non-investment-inducing Public Goods and the State --- p.11 ; National and Cultural pride as an Intergenerational Non-investment- inducing Public Good --- p.11 ; The Nature of the State --- p.19 ; Good State --- p.20 ; """Neutral"" State" --- p.22 ; Bad State --- p.24 ; Chapter 3 --- China as an Entrepreneurial State --- p.33 ; State Administration in China --- p.33 ; Central-local Fiscal Relations from a Historical Perspective --- p.41 ; Fragmented State Perspective --- p.45 ; Entrepreneurial State Perspective --- p.47 ; Public Choice's Critiques --- p.58 ; China as an Entrepreneurial State: Revised --- p.66 ; Chapter 4 --- Archaeological Protection in China --- p.68 ; Archaeological Protection in Democratic Countries --- p.68 ; National Laws and Regulations of Archaeological Protection in China --- p.75 ; Difficulties Encountered in Archaeological Protection --- p.87 ; Chapter 5 --- Preservation of the Relics of the Nanyue Kingdom in Guangzhou --- p.94 ; The City of Guangzhou --- p.94 ; Regulations on the Protection of the Cultural Relics in the Guangdong Province and Guangzhou --- p.96 ; Archaeological Protection in Guangzhou --- p.99 ; The Preservation of the Royal Relics of the Nanyue Kingdom --- p.101 ; Chapter 6 --- The Political Logic of Preserving Cultural Legacy --- p.118 ; Identifying the Individual Actor: Mayors of Guangzhou --- p.119 ; Chinese Officials as a Political Actor --- p.121 ; Establishing a Modern Civil Service --- p.122 ; A Performance-based Civil Service --- p.126 ; The Political Logic of Preservation of Cultural Legacy in Guangzhou --- p.133 ...

Rural-urban linkages—including physical, economic, social, and political connections—are crucial for ending hunger and malnutrition (SDG 2) sustainably in both rural and urban areas. Rural-urban linkages also support other Sustainable Development Goals. Urban growth increases food demand and spurs dietary changes in urban areas—new demand can create opportunities for rural producers to improve their livelihoods. Broken value chains and poor coordination weaken rural-urban links and hold back progress on food security and nutrition. Investment in rural infrastructure and intermediate towns—quality rural and feeder roads, electricity, storage facilities, communications and information—can build connections and create hubs of economic activity benefiting smallholders and cities. ; PR ; IFPRI1 ; DGO; CPA

围龙屋是客家人聚族而居的传统建筑,集中分布于广东东北部。它蕴含一套独特的空间构造和象征体系,体现了客家人的社会结构和性别观念。空间作为一项技术,在物质领域和精神领域上划分了两性的界限,并维护着性别关系结构。集体化时期国家对围龙屋进行了全面性改造,女性抓住机会获取村落公共空间的话语权,并在今天成为宗教活动的主导。改革开放之后,经济改革促使当地人搬出围龙屋住进新式楼房,家庭关系也随之改变。 ; 本文以梅州一座围龙屋为研究对象,以客家妇女的日常生活实践为核心主题,通过分析围龙屋聚落的历史脉络、空间构造及其社会意义的转变,探讨空间生产过程中女性个体、国家力量和传统文化观念之间的互动与角力,从而理解中国建国后的社会、政治、经济变迁。国家通过改造围龙屋来达成管制目的,客家女性在国家话语下发挥能动性获取更多的生存空间,同时也受到传统文化观念的约束。今天,国家力量借助市场经济以非正式的方式渗透农村,彻底改变了家庭权力结构,并使传统文化滋生出新的表现形式。 ; The weilong houses serve as the dwelling places for the Hakka people in Northeast Guangdong. Each weilong house contains elaborate spatial arrangements and a symbolic system that embodies the social order and gender relations of the Hakka. Space draws the boundaries between men and women in both the material and spiritual spheres, maintaining the gender structure of the Hakka society. During the collectivization period when the state reorganized the weilong house, women seized the opportunity to gain power for the control of village public space, and later they became religious leaders, even to the present. The economic reforms since 1978 have induced the villagers to leave the weilong house and move into new double-storey buildings, changing the family relations in the household. ; This research is a study of a weilong house in Meizhou, with focus on the daily practices of Hakka women. Taking into account of the history of the weilong house, its spatial structure and the changes in its social meanings, I seek to explore the production and reproduction of space in relation to women, tradition and the state, leading to a deeper understanding of the social-economic and political changes since 1949. The state achieved its rule through the re-arrangement of space, and the Hakka women use their agency to gain more living space under the state discourse, despite being constrained by traditional culture. Today, through market forces, state power has permeated all aspects of village life, transforming the power structure of the family thoroughly and enabling traditional culture to express in new ...

The Nancy N. Boothe papers, 1980-2009 [bulk 1990-1997], are composed of articles, notes, reports and a wide variety of feminist publications. Much of the material documents the U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women, which Ms. Boothe attended as Executive Director of Atlanta's Feminist Women's Health Center. Artifacts, artwork and textiles relate to the conference and to other women's and health issues. ; Born in Battles Wharf, Alabama (1948), Nancy N. Boothe graduated from the University of South Alabama as a registered nurse (1971). She received a B.S. in nursing from the Medical College of Georgia (1976), and a master's degree in Counseling from Troy State University [Florida Region] (1981). Boothe served in the U.S. Nurse Corps in the U.S. and Korea (1970-1984), and worked as clinical director and consultant at a number of health facilities in Louisiana and Florida. She became Executive Director of the Atlanta Feminist Women's Health Center in 1994. In 1995, she attended the Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing, China, where she taught the workshop, ""GYN Self-Help."" Boothe has served on the boards of All Women's Health Services in Portland and Eugene, Oregon; the Sexual Assault Center, Atlanta, Georgia; and the Jeanette Rankin Foundation, Athens, Georgia. She is also a member of the Feminist Majority Foundation's ""Women's Commission for Congressional Oversight"" and A.P.D. Citizen Review Panel.; Founded in California in 1971 by Carol Downer (1933-) and Lorraine Rothman (1932-2007), the Feminist Women's Health Center was established to empower women through self-knowledge, education and self-help groups. The Atlanta Feminist Women's Health Center was established in 1977. Its mission is to ""provide accessible, comprehensive gynecological healthcare to all who need it without judgment. As innovative healthcare leaders, [they] work collaboratively within [their] community and nationally to promote reproductive health, rights and justice. [They] advocate for wellness, uncensored health information and fair public policies by educating the larger community and empowering [their] clients to make their own decisions.""; The United Nations convened the Fourth World Conference on Women, September 4-15, 1995, in Beijing, China, with a Platform for Action that aimed at achieving greater equality and opportunity for women. Three previous World Conferences were held in Mexico City (International Women's Year, 1975), Copenhagen (1980) and Nairobi (1985). 189 governments and more than 5,000 representatives from 2,100 non-governmental organizations participated in the Beijing Conference. The principal themes were the advancement and empowerment of women in relation to women's human rights, women and poverty, women and decision-making, the girl-child, violence against women and other areas of concern. The resulting documents of the Conference are The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. The U.N. Fourth World Conference on Women manifested a global women's movement for change and has been called ""the Woodstock of the women's movement.""; The World Conference on Women was also accompanied by an informal meeting (August 30-September 8) of non-governmental organizations (NGOs). This NGO Forum on Women, Beijing '95, brought together thousands of women from around the world to exchange information and ideas, celebrate women's achievements and contributions and draw attention and develop solutions to discrimination facing women world-wide.