Suchergebnisse

The regulatory activity of government is now pervasive, acting like a tax and pushing up costs. Public choice analysis shows that producer and other groups try to capture regulatory control to minimise its impact. Deregulatory trends in the US have been accompanied by the growth of environmental and health and safety regulation both in the US and in the UK and Europe.

The paper addresses some pressing national security and public safety issues in various jurisdictions, including Ukraine. The correlation between two main concepts is emphasized. It is shown that in the modern world risks related to national security and, therefore, also to public security are significant. The approaches to defining the two main components of the state are illustrated and the main elements are pointed out. It is emphasized that today security is one of the key values (rights) for any person and citizen and is generally prescribed in national Constitutions. The provisions of the draft Public Security and Civil Defense Strategy of Ukraine (2021), related to national security and public safety, have been discussed. Finally, the main threats to the security of the community and individual citizens have been outlined and the means to overcome them have been elaborated. In the conclusions, it has been established that the formulation of a security and defense sector perspective model for central executive authorities presents a number of opportunities as well as challenges. Moreover, it is difficult to give a clear and all-encompassing legal definition of the concept of "public security".

The usefulness of crime statistics in assessing US public safety &/or victimization is evaluated. Factors affecting the "violence" or "seriousness" of crimes against persons or property are discussed, eg, actual vs attempted crimes & their outcomes, victims' direct financial loss, loss of work time, medical expenses, psychic harm, & perceptions of risk. The absence of cost-outcome heterogeneity from national crime statistics is noted, as is the lack of local specificity & the emphasis of certain crimes as violent (eg, robbery & murder) over others, eg, arson or consumer fraud, which are potentially more costly to communal public safety. Modified HA.