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Introduction. This paper examines regulations which govern procedures for reporting incidents other than accidents or serious incidents related to unmanned aircraft system (UAS) operations. The regulations are discussed in the context of available data and the paper included an analysis of them from both a European and national perspective. The goal of the paper is to provide a series of recommendations with regard to the procedures for reporting and analyzing UAS incidents in order to improve the safe integration of unmanned and manned aviation. This article also explores the legal consequences that arise from the midair collision between a UAS and a manned aircraft. Material and methods: The method of study comprises a content analysis of existing legislations. The current doctrine was confronted with existing regulations, documents and materials. Results: The results of the study show that there is a practical problem of objectively identifying operators of a UAS as well as in defining what exactly constitutes an "incident". It can be reasonably concluded that reporting and analyzing UAS-related incidents allows for the assessment and development of strategies for integrating manned and unmanned aviation. It is worth mentioning that drones and UAS technology requires refinement, especially in technological terms. It is reasonable to take action aimed at raising awareness amongst UAS users of the need to report incidents, as well as engaging UAS users in the investigative process which follows such occurrences.

Food safety issues often draw public attention after the discovery of suspected or confirmed cases of food poisoning and contamination. Food safety incidents reveal voids in existing food safety practices established by food science, governmental policies, and business processes. The vulnerability in food supply chain may yield room for potential food terrorism. This paper presents a framework for harnessing public wisdom from mass media to improve and advance existing practices to better ensure our food safety. The framework incorporates the use of content and social network analyses to distill important issues into food safety knowledge.

Question: Are Public policies that contemplate intrasectorality capable of producing better results for society, public health and safety? Design: Descriptive study with data analysis from September 2014 to December 2015. Participants: Civil and Military Police of São Paulo State (western region of São Paulo City). Intervention: Analysis of criminal indicators of public health interest in the western region of São Paulo City during the period of applicability of intrasectorality as public health and safety policy. Outcome measures: analysis of the management model and record of reports interesting to public health. The first analysis was carried out in 3 police districts, later spreading to the entire western region of São Paulo City. Qualitative variables were based on the International Code of Diseases (ICD). The quantitative results obtained were extracted from the Criminal Intelligence System. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with a significance level of 95%. The software used was the bioestat 5.0 for windows. Results: There was a reduction of 4% to 44% in criminal indicators of public health interest. Conclusion: Intrasectorality was able to improve public health outcomes when used as public policy in police institutions, reducing the impact of violence on public health.

This research focuses on analyzing the effects of shifting traffic safety policies within the United States. These naturally occurring shifts are examined to determine the effectiveness of altering traffic safety policies. Three substantive chapters are presented focusing on different policy shifts. Examining the speed limit increase in Kansas reveals that the 2011 increase did not result in increased fatality figures; however, it did produce a significant increase in serious injuries sustained from crashes. The probable reason is attributed to the increase only affecting four-lane divided highways; these crashes are not the deadly head-on crashes but with vehicles traveling the same direction at different speed. Studying the upgrade to primary enforcement of seat-belt laws in Kansas reveals considerable responsiveness from local law enforcement officers when state legislators change the parameters of enforcement. Primary enforcement increases the ability of officers to conduct traffic stops while imposing a monetary limit on the citation acts as a reduction in profitability for cities. Kansas' $10 seat-belt citation fine does not even cover the cost for municipalities of enforcing the policy, thus cities with managers substantially reduce enforcement efforts. Finally, analyzing three distracted driving policies for all states reveal that only completely banning cell phone usage while operating a vehicle, for all drivers is associated with a reduction in the seriousness of crash outcomes. Policies banning texting while driving and novice drivers from using cell phones while driving are ineffective at reducing serious crash outcomes. Actually, policies banning teens from cell phone usage is associated with an increase in crashes caused by cell phone based distractions. This finding shows the limited long-term effects of policies targeting teens, in shaping their behavior in a desirable direction. Overall, this project provides statistical support for specific policies that are important for policymakers to ...

To date, little has been written about the implementation of utilizing food safety informatics as a technological tool to protect consumers, in real-time, against foodborne illnesses. Food safety outbreaks have become a major public health problem, causing an estimated 48 million illnesses, 128,000 hospitalizations, and 3,000 deaths in the U.S. each year. Yet, government inspectors/regulators that monitor foodservice operations struggle with how to collect, organize, and analyze data; implement, monitor, and enforce safe food systems. Currently, standardized technologies have not been implemented to efficiently establish "near-in-time" or "just-in-time" electronic awareness to enhance early detection of public health threats regarding food safety. To address the potential impact of collection, organization and analyses of data in a foodservice operation, a wireless food safety informatics (FSI) tool was pilot tested at a university student foodservice center. The technological platform in this test collected data every six minutes over a 24 hour period, across two primary domains: time and temperatures within freezers, walk-in refrigerators and dry storage areas. The results of this pilot study briefly illustrated how technology can assist in food safety surveillance and monitoring by efficiently detecting food safety abnormalities related to time and temperatures so that efficient and proper response in "real time" can be addressed to prevent potential foodborne illnesses.

Many countries and international organisations (for example, the USA, England and Wales, Japan, the European Union and the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) have developed measures of public safety and measures of the effectiveness of criminal justice agencies. This paper briefly considers the background to such comparative developments and relates these to the specific contextual conditions of Taiwan. We report the results of a study which reviewed the state of empirical indicator availability in Taiwan and sought to develop an indicator framework for those charged with the governmental task of 'public safety'. The paper concludes by considering how such a framework can be implemented in Taiwan.

This report provides a sample of public opinion questions concerning the current tax system, the Internal Revenue Service, and proposals for tax reform. It will be updated as new poll results become available. The report is for the use of Members as they consider legislation currently before the 105 Congress.

Future 4G wireless communication systems include, in their capabilities portfolio, emergency-specific needs, such as data support, broadband communication, and extremely high reliability. An emergency situation can be addressed with undoubtedly more chances of success if augmented information is enabled within the public safety communication novel capabilities. In this article, for a fully augmented information provision based on broadband transmission, a user-end (UE) communication-capabilities enhancement is addressed by deploying multiple antennas without compromising the portability and light weight of first-responder equipment. With this aim, we propose the design of a 4.9-GHz conformal antenna array at the rescuer side (integrated in a helmet) and evaluate its performance in terms of relative data rate gain. The conformal array design is based on traditional patch antennas that consider the need for deployment over an ellipsoidal surface. The antenna array is simulated and then built, and several parameter characterizations (bandwidth, radiation pattern, reflection coefficient, and MC) and measurements are undertaken to ensure the suitability of the design. Furthermore, an analysis of the specific absorption rate (SAR) is performed to guarantee that the exposure to electromagnetic fields is below the standardized levels. ; The authors would like to thank Prof. Eva Rajo-Iglesias from Universidad Carlos III de Madrid. This work has been partly funded by the Spanish Government through projects CIES (RTC-2015-4213-7), MIMOTEX (TEC2014-61776-EXP) and TERESAADA (TEC2017-90093-C3-2-R) (MINECO/AEI/FEDER, UE)

MoniQA (Monitoring and Quality Assurance in the total food supply chain) is a Network of Excellence funded under the EU 6th Framework Programme. Its aim is to work towards the harmonization of worldwide food quality and safety monitoring and control strategies by establishing durable integration of leading research institutions, industrial partners and small and medium enterprises working in complementary fields of food quality and safety analysis. One of the main objectives of the project is to 'develop harmonization guidelines for validation and standardization of detection methods and technologies in food safety and quality'. To achieve this, the relative importance of the range of contaminants and residues causing problems in food needed to be established. This paper outlines the methodologies adopted for prioritizing harmonization issues and identifying needs for research and development of analytical methods within the areas of natural contaminants (bio-toxins, food allergens), microbiological contaminants, chemical contaminants originating from environmental sources (heavy metals, etc.), industrial activity (dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, etc.) or agricultural practices (pesticides and veterinary drag residues), food additives (colourants, sweeteners, etc.), processing contaminants (acrylamide, trans fatty acids, etc.) and authenticity (cheaper substitutes, fraud, etc.). Qualitative methods are also included in the prioritized activities, as there are no internationally accepted validation protocols.

The research performed provided several insights and outcomes that were anticipated in the research question. By analyzing the effects of breed specific legislation (BSL) and the statistics relative to dog bites, dog shelters and rescue groups, it became clear that the BSL does not work. This case study provides extensive proof to support this conclusion.

What is the relationship between social welfare, safety nets and economic freedom? Arguably, if economic freedom (EF) promotes growth and if it trickles down EF promotes larger freedoms (e.g. a healthy and productive life, free from want and deprivation). However, higher EF by definition entails lower government interventions in sectors such as provision of safety nets, health and education, thereby curtailing some aspects of larger freedoms. Thus ambiguity exists with respect to the effect of EF on larger freedoms. Given that developing countries account for many poor, have malnourished children, face a decline in per capita availability of food grains, with a sharp rise in farmer's suicide (for instance in India), providing safety nets is essential for enhancing larger freedoms. However, with the initiation of economic reforms favouring market oriented policies, the role of the government in investment decisions has diminished. The econometric analysis suggests that higher levels of EF promote not only higher levels of GDP per capita but also impact larger freedoms favourably. However, results also confirm that higher levels of EF associated with few of its sub-components, particularly lower government consumption expenditures and lower transfers and subsidies, affect larger freedoms adversely. Since the role of the State in creating and expanding social opportunities, and in mitigating risks and vulnerability from the broader perspective of human freedoms is well documented, a policy dilemma exists regarding the appropriate level of EF. In light of this dilemma, and acknowledging that public action expands larger freedoms, the paper questions the commonly held belief that government interventions are necessarily less productive.

Cyberattacks against U.S. targets are becoming increasingly common. To effectively combat these attacks, law enforcement officers need the tools to respond to and prevent cyberattacks before they can occur. In recent years, hackers have launched cyberattacks against infrastructural targets such as power grids, oil and gas distribution computer systems, and telecommunications networks. Cyberattacks have also targeted U.S. government websites, including the U.S. Department of Transportation and the U.S. Department of Treasury. Recently, a cyberattack against SolarWinds, a Texas-based I.T. company, compromised the computer and network systems of federal, state, and local governments; critical infrastructure entities; and other private sector organizations. To put law enforcement in the most effective position to combat acts of cyberterrorism, courts should adopt a broad approach when applying the Public Safety Exception to Miranda. This approach gives law enforcement the necessary tools to successfully respond to and prevent acts of Cyberterrorism while respecting the principles at the heart of the Public Safety Exception. This Comment outlines the existing Public Safety Exception precedent, discusses its application to traditional acts of terrorism, and advocates for the adoption of a broad approach when applying the Public Safety Exception to acts of cyberterrorism.

The paper discusses the armament of police in the United States. I will consider the reasons why disarmament is not a conversation in the United States. I identify that there is a problem in the United States when about 1000 people die every year due to being shot and killed by police officers. The issue of officers shooting civilians goes beyond just the general problem and is particularly an issue for communities of color and people with mental disabilities as there is a disproportionate number of deaths in both of these communities. I will also identify and discuss the policies of police in the United States and the lack of accountability of officers. I will analyze the police in other countries where they do not carry guns. Lastly, I will focus on ways of changing our current structure in a small manner so as to identify where a conversation can begin. These changes include the use of more non lethal weapons and improving officer training.

Public accounting systems differ among countries so the reform towards harmonization is needed especially for EU Member Countries. The transition from cash-based to accrual-based accounting is necessary in order to provide the wide scope of relevant information to the internal and external users. The objectives of the paper are: to examine the level of conversance with IPSAS (International Public Sector Accounting Standards) among public sector accountants in Croatia, to outline the potential benefits and improvements of accrual principle application, and to determine the implication of increased effectiveness and efficiency of the administrations' actions on greater transparency of financial statements. Empirical research is based on survey addressed to the accountants employed by local government. The findings suggest that accrual principle application in Croatian public sector accounting would lead to the increase of effectiveness and efficiency of the public sector and eventually to the higher level of transparency.

Babienko V. V. The issues of environmental safety in the conditions of Eastern-Ukrainian war conflict. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(5):487-495. ISSN 2391-8306. DOI 10.5281/zenodo.18167http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/2015%3B5%285%29%3A487-495https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/562687http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18167Formerly Journal of Health Sciences. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X. Archives 2011 – 2014 http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/issue/archive Deklaracja.Specyfika i zawartość merytoryczna czasopisma nie ulega zmianie.Zgodnie z informacją MNiSW z dnia 2 czerwca 2014 r., że w roku 2014 nie będzie przeprowadzana ocena czasopism naukowych; czasopismo o zmienionym tytule otrzymuje tyle samo punktów co na wykazie czasopism naukowych z dnia 31 grudnia 2014 r.The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1089. (31.12.2014).© The Author (s) 2015;This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland and Radom University in Radom, PolandOpen Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercialuse, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited.The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.Received: 20.05.2015. Revised 28.05.2015. Accepted: 31.05.2015. The issues of environmental safety in the conditions of Eastern-Ukrainian war conflict Babienko V. V. Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine SUMMARYThe issues of environmental safety in the conditions of Eastern-Ukrainian war conflictBabienko V.V.Odessa National Medical University, Odessa, Ukraine The aim of the study was to assess the issues of environmental safety in the conditions of Eastern-Ukrainian war conflict. There was demonstrated that the risk of environmental contamination remains to be high in conflict areas. There is a great potential for long-term civilian health risks from the pollution generated by the war conflict in the Eastern Ukraine. The necessity to restore water infrastructure and access to safe drinking water in conflict areas and IDP shelters and to provide remediation means for elimination of long-term environmental risks related to the war conflict is discussed. Key words: environmental safety, environmental health, risk assessment, military medicine.