Suchergebnisse

Model novog javnog menadžmenta sadrži javne politike za tržišno usmjerene institucionalne reforme. Zemlje koje su primijenile ovaj model općenito su među prvih dvadeset na globalnim ljestvicama vezanima uz ljudski razvoj, ljudsku slobodu, ekonomsku slobodu, lakoću poslovanja, deregulaciju tržišta, konkurentnost, antikorupcijsku transparentnost i liberalnu demokraciju. Dok su nordijske zemlje uvele vanjsko ugovaranje usluga (outsourcing) i tržišno natjecanje unutar svojih sustava države blagostanja, a Njemačka se snažno usmjerila na privatizacije, anglosaksonske zemlje, a posebice Sjedinjene Države, ugovaraju čak i dijelove nacionalne sigurnosti s privatnim vojnim i obavještajnim pružateljima. Međutim, model novog javnog menadžmenta ne zanemaruje ulogu države, već potiče njezino smanjivanje i otvaranje za tržišno natjecanje, privatizaciju, deregulaciju i transparentnost. Dok je Novi javni menadžment uključiv prema zajednicama i tržištima, primjena ovog modela može poboljšati institucije i upravljanje stvaranjem pretežito horizontalnih struktura, koje osiguravaju veze među različitim dijelovima organizacije i koherentan okvir javnih politika. U konačnici, reforme javnog upravljanja ovise o kritičkom razmišljanju, temeljem multidisciplinarne ekspertize, koja doprinosi inovativnim i inkluzivnim institucijama usmjerenim na rješavanje problema, s dovoljnom razinom građanskih vrlina i društvenog povjerenja. ; The New Public Management model contains public policies for market-driven institutional reforms. Countries that applied this model are generally among the TOP 20 in global rankings concerning human development, human freedom, economic freedom, ease of doing business, market deregulation, competitiveness, anti-corruption transparency and liberal democracy. While the Nordic countries introduced outsourcing and competition within their welfare systems, and Germany strongly focused on privatizations, the Anglo-Saxon countries, and especially the United States, outsource even parts of their national security to private military and intelligence contractors. However, the New Public Management model does not undermine the role of government, but encourages its downsizing and opening for competition, privatization, deregulation and transparency. While the New Public Management is inclusive toward communities and markets, the application of the model can improve institutions and governance by creating predominantly horizontal structures, which ensure connections between different parts of organization and coherent public policy framework. Finally, public management reforms depend on critical thinking, based on the multidisciplinary expertise, which contributes to innovative and inclusive problem-solving institutions, with sufficient level of civic virtues and social trust.

Analizira se suradnja javne uprave i organizacija civilnog društva u procesu odlučivanja. Snaženje koncepta regulacijske države mijenja ulogu javne vlasti u procesu odlučivanja. To se posebno očituje kroz širenje broja akera koji sudjeluju u izradi politika i odluka. Europska unija razvija mogućnosti i načine putem kojih razne organizacije civilnog društva imaju priliku dati svoje mišljenje o donošenju određene odluke. Republika Hrvatska pokušava slijediti taj trend definiranjem odredbi o postupcima savjetovanja sa zainteresiranom javnošću i uspostavljanjem mehanizama suradnje s organizacijama civilnog društva i drugim akterima na izradi zakona, drugih propisa i akata. Također se analiziraju formalne mogućnosti i stvarna participacija civilnog društva u postupcima savjetovanja sa zainteresiranom javnošću te odnos s javnom vlasti u izradi odluka. Analiziraju se instrumenti savjetovanja sa zainteresiranom javnošću u EU-u i Hrvatskoj. Upozorava se na određene probleme u regulaciji i provedbi instrumenta te se predlažu rješenja za poboljšanje. ; The strengthening of the regulatory state concept in recent decades has changed the role of public authorities in the decision-making process, rendering them just one of the many different participants involved in policy-making and the decision-making process. As regulation became their primary function, public authorities began to emphasise the quality of the decision-making process and the decisions it engenders in order to encourage the establishment of a suitable environment for economic development. Therefore, supranational organisations and many countries are implementing regulatory reforms in an attempt to create better regulation, and in the context of these reforms they are using instruments of civil society participation in decision-making. As a result of various circumstances, creating relations with civil society based on cooperation and partnership is often a relatively slow and gradual process, yet progress is notable. The European Union is constantly evolving opportunities and ways in which various civil society organisations can convey their opinions about the adoption of certain decisions at the EU level. Croatia has also, particularly over the last seven years, tried to follow this trend by defining the legal provisions and procedures of public consultations, and by establishing mechanisms for cooperation with civil society organisations and many other stakeholders in the drafting of laws and other regulations. The paper analyses the role of civil society and the opportunities for public consultations in the European Union and Croatia. The analysis results indicate progress as well as problems. The author suggests improvements with regard to the cooperation between civil society and public administration in public consultations.

U ovome broju časopisa Etnološka tribina objavljujemo temat koji problematizira javne prostore. Radovi u tematu bave se simboličkim i jezičnim preoznačavanjem javnog prostora prilikom demonstracija u Istanbulu 2013. godine (Selvelli); konfliktnim vizijama modernosti kroz izgradnju i mijenu javnih prostora u srpskom gradu Jagodina (Petrović); procesima evaluacije urbanih javnih prostora u različitim dijelovima Lisabona (Gato); kognitivnim mapiranjem kretanja u američkom gradu Austinu obilježenom rasnom diferencijacijom (Norkunas); javnim prostorima i njihovim oživljavanjem kroz projekte urbanog vrtlarenja i biciklizma (Poljak Istenič); mentalnim mapiranjem i percepcijom straha u primjerima estonskoga prostora (Hiiemäe); interakcijama zagrebačkih sakupljača boca i njihovom (ne)vidljivošću u javnom prostoru (Vukušić i Stelko); te situacionističkim konceptom dérive kao oblikom suvremene urbane etnografije propitane na primjeru Delhija (Sharanya). Radovima koji se bave javnim prostorima u raznim gradovima svijeta želimo, između ostaloga, pokrenuti i raspravu o potencijalnu urbanih politika i suvremenog urbanog života prema razvijanju participatornog te društveno i okolišno održivog grada. ; The thematic section of this year's issue of Etnološka tribina focuses on public spaces. The articles deal with the spatial and linguistic reappropriation and resignification of public space during the protests in Gezi Park, Istanbul in 2013 (Selvelli); conflicting versions of modernity engendered by the construction of and changes made to public spaces in the Serbian town of Jagodina (Petrović); processes of evaluating urban public spaces in Lisbon (Gato); cognitive mapping of movement and race issues in Austin, Texas (Norkunas); public spaces and their revival through urban gardening and cycling (Poljak Istenič); mental mapping and the perception of danger in Estonian spatial examples (Hiiemäe); bottle collectors' interactions and their (in)visibility in public spaces in Zagreb (Vukušić and Stelko); the Situationist concept of dérive as a form of contemporary urban ethnography as discussed through the example of Delhi (Sharanya). The underlying intention of this thematic section is to foster an interdisciplinary discussion concerning the potentials of contemporary urban life and politics so as to develop a participatory, just, as well as socially and environmentally sustainable city.

U prvom dijelu rada autori definiraju nefiskalne instrumente financiranja javnih potreba, pri čemu je poseban naglasak na pojmu i razvoju javno-privatnog partnerstva. U nastavku rada autori analiziraju pojedine sastavnice javno-privatnog partnerstva: oblike, prednosti i nedostatke korištenja javno-privatnog partnerstva, političke aspekte, procjenu vrednovanja rizika pri ugovaranju javno- privatnog partnerstva. Završni dio rada posvećen je zakonodavnoj i institucionalnoj infrastrukturi tog oblika financiranja: Smjernicama i preporukama Europske unije za uspješnu primjenu javno-privatnog partnerstva te Smjernicama Vlade Republike Hrvatske donesenim u srpnju 2006. ; The financing of the public interests through public private partnership has lately become a rather popular theme, both in Croatia and abroad. One of the basic characteristics of public private partnership is that it is a non-fiscal instrument of financing public needs. In the first part of the paper the authors define nonfiscal financing instruments as well as the concept and development of public private partnership. Since the term public private partnership today covers different forms of combination of public and private interests, the authors outline the most frequent typologies of association used in Great Britain (»the fatherland« of public private partnership), and the United States. Analysing the advantages and the disadvantages of this financing instrument, the authors pay special attention to its political aspects, which the opponents consider to be one of its major shortcomings. They also deal with the issues of risk assessment and evaluation in the process of negotiating public private partnerships, which they believe to be the core of public-private relations. In the final part of the paper, the authors analyse the EU Directives for successful implementation of public private partnerships, stressing that many Member States and candidate countries have conducted reforms of their legislations in order to be able to use the instrument of PPP. The Guidelines of the Croatian Government and the necessary institutional and legislative support for a more intensive use of this instrument are also analysed. The authors believe that it is necessary to establish a special body that would deal with the problems of public private partnership (e.g., preparation of legislative regulation; creation of a uniform methodology for the implementation of PPP; approval of the PPP projects). They also suggest that we should not forget other forms of financing the public interests by including private capital and financial markets into the process, since the limited and insufficient budget funds cannot be efficiently replaced with only one instrument of non-fiscal financing.

The main goal of this paper is to discuss the dynamics of public debt servicing – both domestic and foreign – in Zambia, tracing the trends, reforms and challenges over the period from 1964 to 2015. The paper shows that the exceptional rise in public debt servicing obligations in Zambia over the period under review has been principally due to high domestic and foreign interest rates, frequent debt rescheduling at commercial rates, and capitalisation of non-liquidated service obligations at commercial rates. Also revealed in the paper is the fact that prior to 2005, Zambia experienced severe public debt servicing problems which eased after 2006 owing to debt relief initiatives and an economic rebound. Among the government debt service reforms discussed in the paper are structural adjustments in foreign exchange management, fiscal and monetary reforms, and aggressive engagement of traditional creditors. Primary among the identified challenges of public debt servicing in Zambia was the insistent economic crises that dogged the country during the study period. Notwithstanding the current public debt service sustainability and remarkable economic performance that characterise the country today, the paper found that the recent contraction of nonconcessional loans by the state poses a threat to debt service sustainability in future. Hence, the paper recommends, among other things, for aligning of public sector infrastructure spending with revenues to ensure budget sustainability, and to continue diversifying the economy to minimise the impact of external commodity price shocks on the economy. ; The main goal of this paper is to discuss the dynamics of public debt servicing – both domestic and foreign – in Zambia, tracing the trends, reforms and challenges over the period from 1964 to 2015. The paper shows that the exceptional rise in public debt servicing obligations in Zambia over the period under review has been principally due to high domestic and foreign interest rates, frequent debt rescheduling at commercial rates, and capitalisation of non-liquidated service obligations at commercial rates. Also revealed in the paper is the fact that prior to 2005, Zambia experienced severe public debt servicing problems which eased after 2006 owing to debt relief initiatives and an economic rebound. Among the government debt service reforms discussed in the paper are structural adjustments in foreign exchange management, fiscal and monetary reforms, and aggressive engagement of traditional creditors. Primary among the identified challenges of public debt servicing in Zambia was the insistent economic crises that dogged the country during the study period. Notwithstanding the current public debt service sustainability and remarkable economic performance that characterise the country today, the paper found that the recent contraction of nonconcessional loans by the state poses a threat to debt service sustainability in future. Hence, the paper recommends, among other things, for aligning of public sector infrastructure spending with revenues to ensure budget sustainability, and to continue diversifying the economy to minimise the impact of external commodity price shocks on the economy.

U ovom radu bavimo se pitanjem određenja adekvatne koncepcije legitimnosti za Evropsku uniju. Zastupamo stanovište da u tom pogledu odlučujuću važnost ima ideja javnog uma, kako ju je formulisao Džon Rols. Rols je smatrao da ideja javnog uma ima svoju ulogu kako na domaćem planu ustavnih demokratija tako i na međunarodnom planu. Mi ćemo, polazeći od Rolsovih stavova, nastojati da formulišemo adekvatnu koncepciju javnog uma za Evropsku uniju. Ipak, za razliku od Rolsa, koji u međunarodnom kontekstu prvenstveno govori o narodima, argumentovaćemo da osnovu javnog uma Evropske unije treba da čini koncepcija slobodnih i jednakih građana. ; This paper will examine the issue of finding the most adequate conception of normative legitimacy for the European Union. I shall argue that John Rawls's idea of public reason is crucially important in this context. Rawls maintains that the idea of public reason is important not only for constitutional democracies, but also at the international level. Following Rawls's lead, this paper focuses on the idea of public reason at the EU level. However, I shall argue that the idea of public reason that is adequate for the European Union should be based on the conception of free and equal citizens, instead of Rawls's conception of peoples.

Javne su politike, kao višedimenzionalan i izrazito kompleksan fenomen, nužno multidisciplinaran predmet istraživanja. Cilj je rada istražiti što je specifično politološko znanje o javnim politikama, odnosno koji je jedinstveni doprinos politologa izučavanju i upravljanju javnim politikama u svrhe profiliranja te mlade politološke discipline u Jugoistočnoj Europi. Rad je nastao kao rezultat pregleda temeljnih udžbenika javnih politika u svijetu i regiji, te literature o metodologiji i pristupima istraživanju u društvenim znanostima i politologiji. Kreće se od određivanja što su javne politike i što je politički aspekt javnih politika. Propituju se pristupi istraživanju javnih politika (policy studije). Zatim se identificiraju vrste profesionalne uporabe tih istraživanja (policy analize). Ključna je pretpostavka kako je politologija prvenstveno kompetentna za analizu aktera stvaranja politika. Osnovni je nalaz da temelj profesionalnog profiliranja politologa u javnim politikama, s obzirom da jedini rabe istraživačku perspektivu usmjerenu na aktere, reprezentativnost i legitimnost stvaranja politika, može biti jedan oblik participatorne policy analize. ; Public policies, as a multi-dimensional and highly complex phenomenon, necessarily make a multidisciplinary research subject. The aim of this paper is to examine what is specific political science knowledge about public policy, and what is the unique contribution of political scientists to policy research and governance to enhance consolidating this young discipline in Southeastern Europe. This paper is a result of a review of policy textbooks in Southeastern Europe and worldwide, and literature on approaches and methodologies in social sciences and political science. It starts with determining public polices and their political aspect. Then it explores approaches of policy studies. Finally, it identifies types of professional policy research or policy analysis. The key assumption is that political science is primarily competent to analyze policy actors. The main finding of the paper is that the basis of political scientist professionalization in policy research, given that they are best in actor-centered research, and issues of representativeness and legitimacy of policy-making, can be a form of participatory policy analysis.

Država Izrael u svijetu je prepoznata po višetisućljetnoj židovskoj tradiciji i povijesti. Osim bogate kulture, prožete bliskoistočnim elementima, ali i onima doseljenika iz raznih zapadnih zemalja, Izrael uživa poseban imidž na međunarodnoj pozornici. Taj pak imidž ovisi o više faktora – s jedne strane Izrael predstavlja multikulturalnu zemlju poželjnu kao turističku destinaciju ili pak zemlju za ekonomske i tehnološke inovacije, dok s druge Izrael biva predstavljen u negativnom kontekstu kao vojnička država koja guši prava manjina, posebice arapske. Negativan imidž utječe na Izrael, kao i na svaku drugu državu. Međutim, diplomatskim aktivnostima i raznim projektima ta slika pokušava se iz dana u dan poboljšati. Suradnja između diplomatskih službenika i konzultanata odnosa s javnošću ima za cilj što efektivniju promociju Izraela. Iako je percepcija Izraela ponekad izrazito polarizirana, u poslovnom svijetu taj faktor ne utječe na njegovo gospodarstvo. Baš suprotno, za vrijeme sukoba ili ratnih kriza, izraelski BDP je rastao, a sve to zahvaljujući imidžu vrijednih i upornih ljudi koji uživa židovska populacija u ekonomskom svijetu. U političkom kontekstu, Izrael druge države dijeli na prijateljske, odnosno neprijateljske. Kod prijateljskih, većinom zapadnjačkih država, uživa veliku potporu i u vojnom i u gospodarskom smislu te negativno pisanje svjetski poznatih medija ne utječe na tu potporu. Ovaj rad istražuje strategije međunarodnih odnosa s javnošću i diplomacije Države Izrael kao brenda u međunarodnoj zajednici. Kroz kratak povijesni pregled predstavlja se razvoj metoda kojima se izgrađuje imidž Izraela na međunarodnoj pozornici, a stručnjaci i diplomati daju praktičan uvid u funkcioniranje javne diplomacije i odnosa s javnošću na razini jedne države. ; The State of Israel is renowed worldwide for its millenial Jewish tradition and history. Besides its rich culture, infused with Middle Eastern and Western flavours, Israel nurtures a distinctive image in the international arena. The image is influenced by ...

The indicators of health condition and providing medical protection are necessary for making assessment of health condition at the level of population, improvement of the healthcare system and making health-related and political decision with an aim to improve the citizens' health. Qualitative and reliable original data is necessary for the preparation of indicators. According to the indicators of mortality and morbidity, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the prioritized public health problem in Croatia. They are the major cause of mortality, in men with a share of 42.6% and in women with a share of 56.4% in total mortality. In CVD hospital morbidity, they are represented in men in the first place with a share of 14.9% and in women, they take the second place with a share of 12.5% in total number of hospitalizations. Totally, more women die of CVD and men die of CVD more frequently at younger age, however, women are hospitalized less frequently.

Ovim radom pružen je uvid u razvoj odnosa s javnošću kao profesije, gledano kroz 4 modela Gruniga i Hunta te su navedene i objašnjene tehnike koje se koriste u odnosima s javnošću. Objašnjen je i pojam aktivizma kao i njegovi najznačajniji teorijski aspekti, oblici i metode. U sklopu istraživanja korištene su dvije metode; analiza sadržaja i anketni upitnik. Analizom sadržaja obuhvaćeno je 129 aktivističkih organizacija na području Republike Hrvatske, a na anketni upitnik u potpunosti je odgovorilo 39 organizacija. Pokazalo se da većina hrvatskih aktivističkih organizacija prepoznaje važnost odnosa s javnošću, njima se bavi svakodnevno te koristi brojne tehnike meĎu kojima prednjači internet, posebice društvene mreže i web stranice. Od društvenih mreža daleko je najzastupljeniji Facebook, na kojemu profil ima 110 od 129 proučenih organizacija. MeĎutim, financijska ulaganja u odnose s javnošću kod većine su organizacija nepostojeća, a slijede ih organizacije koje ulažu izmeĎu 1 i 5% od svojih ukupnih financijskih sredstava. Rezultati ukazuju na to da postoji prostor za napredak odnosa s javnošću u aktivističkim organizacijama, što bi bilo korisno za profesiju odnosa s javnošću u Hrvatskoj, kao i za aktivističke organizacije koje bi si većim ulaganjima mogle osigurati bolju komunikaciju s ključnim javnostima, a samim time i veću učinkovitost u postizanju svojih ciljeva. ; This thesis is aimed at showing the development of public relations as a profession, using Grunig's and Hunt's 4 models, as well as naming and explaining different techniques of public relations. Furthermore, it explains activism mentioning most important aspects of theory and identifying its various forms and mechanisms. Two methods were used for the purposes of the research; content analysis and survey questionnaire. Content analysis included 129 croatian activist organizations, while only 39 organizations completed the survey questionnaire. The results show that most Croatian activistic organizations recognize the importance of public ...

U radu se razmatra odnos javnih politika i modernog koncepta upravljanja (governance). Izraz upravljanje u osnovi označuje nov oblik veze politike, uprave i društva, koji se više ne zasniva na isključivoj dominaciji sfere politike u odnosu prema upravi i horizontalnoj sferi društva. Različiti pristupi javnim politikama na različit način postavljaju problem tih triju sfera, no neovisno o načinima postizanja koherentnosti između njih, sve ih karakterizira nadomješćivanje tradicionalnog pristupa ostvarivanja kolektivnih ciljeva zasnovanog na načelu »zapovijedaj i nadziraj« načelom pregovaranja različitih sektora i razina. ; The author discusses the relations between public policies and the modern concept of governance. It is emphasised that the term governance actually designates a new form of relations between politics, public administration, and society, which are not based on the exclusive dominance of politics over public administration and the horizontal sphere of society any more. Different approaches to public policies put the issue of these three spheres into different perspectives. Notwithstanding the manners of achieving coherence between them, they are all characterised by supplementing the traditional approach of obtaining collective objectives, based on the »order and supervise« principle, with the principle of negotiating between different sectors and levels.

Otvorenost javne uprave, koja uključuje njenu vidljivost i dostupnost građanima, ali i mogućnost sudjelovanja građana u donošenju odluka, formuliranju politika i propisa, jedno je od temeljnih načela europskoga upravnog prostora. Europska unija prepoznaje otvorenost kao jedno od temeljnih načela funkcioniranja institucija na europskoj razini te potiče zemlje članice i kandidatkinje na usvajanje i ostvarivanje otvorenosti u upravnoj praksi, uglavnom putem mehanizama mekog prava. U Hrvatskoj su procesi europeizacije započeli početkom 2000-ih, a u sklopu brojnih prilagodbi javne uprave, došlo je do napretka u ostvarivanju transparentnosti i otvorenosti javne uprave, posebno u završnim fazama procesa pristupanja u članstvo Europske unije. Pitanje otvorenosti javne uprave prepoznato je kao važan preventivni mehanizam unutar antikorupcijske politike, zbog čega je postalo dijelom europske politike kondicionalnosti. Premda su mehanizmi za ostvarivanje otvorenosti brojni, jedan od najčešćih su javne konzultacije ili savjetovanje sa zainteresiranom javnošću. Provođenje javnih konzultacija predmet je regulacije na europskoj razini. Praksa Europskog suda, preporuke Europske komisije i naglašavanje suradnje i razmjene dobre prakse, bez nametanja konkretnih obvezujućih pravila, upućuje na područje tzv. horizontalne europeizacije i dominaciju mekog prava. U Hrvatskoj je provođenje savjetovanja sa zainteresiranom javnošću regulirano prvenstveno Zakonom o pravu na pristup informacijama (NN 85/15) te drugim zakonima i propisima. U normativnom pogledu, napredak je ostvaren 2009. donošenjem Kodeksa savjetovanja sa zainteresiranom javnošću u postupcima donošenja zakona, drugih propisa i akata. U pogledu implementacije, međutim, napretka nije bilo sve do izmjena Zakona o pravu na pristup informacijama 2013. i ustanovljavanja institucionalnog mehanizma za provođenje zakonskih odredbi. Usprkos tome, provedbu savjetovanja obilježavaju brojne manjkavosti, posebice na lokalnoj i regionalnoj razini, te u slučaju širokog spektra zakonom definiranih tijela javne vlasti. ; Public administration openness is one of the basic principles of the European administrative space, including public administration visibility and accessibility to citizens, as well as possibility of citizens' involvement in decision making, formulation of policies and regulations. The European Union recognizes openness as a fundamental principle for the functioning of institutions at the European level, but also encourages member and candidate states to adopt and achieve openness in the practice of national administrative organizations, mainly through soft law mechanisms. Since the 2000's, the process of Europeanization has led to numerous adjustments of the Croatian public administration, including the implementation of the principle of transparency and openness, especially during the final stages of the accession process. The issue of public administration openness has been recognized as an important preventive mechanism within the anticorruption policy and has consequently become a part of the European policy of conditionality. Although the instruments for achieving openness are numerous, one of the most common are public consultations or consultations with interested public. Public consultations are regulated at the European level. The practice of the Court of Justice of the EU, the European Commission recommendations and promotion of cooperation and good practice exchange, without concrete binding rules, indicate that it is an area dominated by the so-called horizontal Europeanization and soft law. In Croatia, public consultations are primarily regulated by the Act on the Right to Access Public Information, but also by other laws and bylaws. Normative progress has been achieved in 2009 by issuing The Code of practice on consultation with the interested public in procedures of adopting laws, other regulations and acts. With respect to implementation, improvement has not been achieved before 2013 with amendments to the Act on the Right to Access Public Information, which introduced adequate institutional mechanism for the implementation process. However, the implementation of public consultations is still defective, particularly at the local and regional level, and in the case of the broad legal category of public authorities.

U radu se polazi od shvaćanja da je javno-privatno partnerstvo (JPP) jedan od najznačajnijih instrumenata dobrog upravljanja, pri čemu treba voditi računa o složenosti tog mehanizma, mogućnos tima i opasnostima koje u sebi nosi, posebno ako ga se uzima u njegovoj reduciranoj ulozi – kao instrument privatnog investiranja za zadovoljenje javnih potreba. Upravo takav uski koncept dolazi do izražaja u Smjernicama Vlade Republike Hrvatske donesenim u rujnu 2006., kojima se uvodi isključivo ugovorni oblik JPP-a i koncesije. Rad upozorava na nedovoljnu sustavnost, konzistentnost, jasnoću i cjelovitost pristupa, koja čini upitnom proklamiranu svrhu Smjernica da potencijalnim partnerima pruži informacije, koje sadržavaju dovoljno odgovora kad oni razmišljaju primijeniti li ili ne JPP. Kako bi se došlo do dodatnih informacija, najveći dio rada posvećen e prikazu instituta isključivog ugovornog oblika JPP-a kroz praksu zemalja (prvenstveno V. Britanije i donekle Australije) kojega najviše primjenjuju u posljednjih 10-ak godina, pri čemu je naglasak na problemima transfera rizika. ; The paper is based on the belief that public-private partnership is one of the most important instruments of good governance. However, the complexity, potentials, and dangers of that institute also must be taken into consideration. At the beginning of the paper, the author outlines Guidelines of the Government from September 2006, which introduced the institute of public-private partnership as exclusively contractual relationship. A critical analysis of the Guidelines has shown a number of incomplete and disputable provisions as well as confusion about the principles, objectives, and instruments of public-private partnership. That situation certainly does not provide sufficient information to those who would like to use the instrument of PPP, particularly because they are constantly persuaded that PPP is the best way for satisfying public needs without additional taxation of citizens.969 Perko-[eparovi} Inge: Upitnost transfera rizika u javno-privatnom partnerstvu HRVATSKA JAVNA UPRAVA, god. 7. (2007.), br. 4., str. 943–969 HRVATSKA JAVNA UPRAVA The main part of the paper deals with the practice in Great Britain – the country that has been using that institute most frequently in the past ten years – and Australia – the country that often copies British solutions. Since the legitimation for contractual form of PPP – in Great Britain known as private financial initiative – often seems to be the allocation of risk, i.e. the transfer of risk from the public to the private sector, the main part of the paper deals with these issues: the existence and time of the transfer of risk; public sector constraints that appear after a contract has been signed in the situation of asymmetrical powers; and transaction costs. British and Australian examples are followed by an outline of legal framework for PPP projects. Several options are shown: BOOT, DBFO (the most successful and the most common), and DBO. If we calculate value for money, it is obvious that previous experiences with PPP more than disputable. »Successful projects« have been and still are the result of heavy payments to the private sector. E.g. road construction with private financial initiative: initial construction costs were paid off in only three years, the private sector makes operative profit of 68%cper annum based on the contract valid for thirty years. Previous experience has shown that the state has been enthusiastic in protecting the profit interests of private investors at the expense of its citizens, i.e. in putting the private interest above the common good. The reality of this PPP form is far from perfect. Finally, the author suggests better institutionalisation of PPP processes in Croatia in order to ensure the best of imperfect contractual forms of PPP.

Članak se bavi korelacijom diplomatske profesije i etičkog ponašanja. Pomoću tri ključna momenta u povijesti diplomatske profesije, autor razmatra mogućnost etičkog djelovanja u okvirima diplomacije i vanjskih poslova. Kao prvi moment se uzima Machiavellijevo pisanje o ulozi poslanika u stranom kraljevstvu kako bi se pojasnilo, a kasnije i usporedilo, njegovo viđenje poslaničkih dužnosti u odnosu na današnje. Nadalje se, pomoću važnih povijesnih događaja i razmišljanja teoretičara, prikazuju i analiziraju moralne dileme u diplomaciji. Završni dio se odnosi na uspostavu Dissent Channela u State Departmentu koji je važan jer je, makar prividno, pružio priliku američkim diplomatima da djeluju prema savjesti. ; The paper is focused on correlation between diplomatic profession and ethical behaviour. Using three main moments in the history of diplomatic profession, the author is considering possibility of ethical behaviour in terms of diplomacy and foreign affairs. The first moment is based on Machiavelli's view on the role of representative in foreign kingdom in order to explain and later to compare his vision with current vision of representative's duties. Further on, using important historic events and thoughts of theorists, paper shows and analyzes moral dillemas in diplomacy. The final part is focused on establishing Dissent Channel in the State Department which is important because it seemingly gave American diplomats opportunity to act according to their consciousness.